gallers on Adenostyles

1a On vegetative parts => 2

1b Capitula greatly enlarged, bell-shaped, up to 10 mm long and 4 mm thick; receptacle spongy, swollen. A. alliariae: Unidentified tephritid fly

Galls callus-like, with sori of rust fungi => 4

2b Leaf blades bent and curled => 3

3a Leaf blades over large areas or completely curled. A. alpina: Unidentified aphid

3b Additionally, the bright yellow to yellow-green facultative gall causer, known from many host species. A. alliariae: Brachycaudus helichrysi

3c Leaf blade strongly recurved, strongly curled and dark green close to the froth covered froth-covered nymph. A. alpina: Philaenus spumarius

4a Leaf blade on underside with small, rotund, compact, brownish swellings, covered with 2-celled telia. A. alliariae, alpina, leucophylla: Puccinia expansa

4b Weak, ± extended, usually yellow-bordered, densely covered with aecia cushions or callus on the leaf undersides of A. alliariae, alpina: Uromyces veratri