gallers on Anthyllis

1a On parts above ground => 3

1b On roots => 2

2a Roots with 3–5 mm long, slender spindle-shaped swellings, situated on root body with primordia of adventitious roots. Anthyllis spp.: Meloidogyne hapla

2b On inflorescences, flowers or fruits => 3

3a On inflorescences, flowers or fruits => 7

3b On stems or leaves => 4

4a Galls larger than 1 mm => 5

4b Under 1 mm long wart-shaped, ± golden-yellow translucent galls in large numbers on underside of leaves; also on stems. A. vulneraria: Synchytrium aureum

5a Malformations caused by animals => 6

5b Petiole, rachis or midrib with yellowish sori of occasionally slightly gall-like swollen pads, about 1–3 mm long, oval, soon bearing spores, arched on underside. Anthyllis spp.: Uromyces anthyllidis

6a Longitudinal growth of plant stunted; sometimes strongly branched; stem at base spongy. Developing side shoots thickened and stunted as well, ± bushy, clustered. Leaves and stipules variously disfigured. A. vulneraria: Ditylenchus dipsaci

6b Stem with ± expanded spindle-shaped swelling; rind with rimmed groove-like depressions containing single froth-covered nymphs. A. vulneraria: Planchonia arabidis

6c Galls on leaf buds. A. cytisoides, polycephala: Asphondylia sp.

7a Malformations in flowers => 8

7b Beetle larvae feed within the pod on the developing seeds; this may cause some galling of the pods. A. vulneraria & subsp. polyphylla: Tychius schneideri and/or T. junceus

8a Several or single flowers slightly swollen at base, unopened. Larvae orange-coloured. A. vulneraria: Unidentified gall midge

8b Several or usually all flowers of an inflorescence completely disfigured, transformed into ± spiny-globular, densely whitish or yellowish-white pubescent balls. A. vulneraria: Unidentified gall mite