Dichotomous table for gallers on Borago officinalis
by Hans Roskam
1a Leaf blade with rotund yellowish swelling, more oblong-oval to spindle-shaped close to venation, protruding on underside, bearing aecia on underside, spermogonia on upper side. Puccinia recondita
1b Leaf blades curved downwards over margin, curled. Bearing colonies of black aphids on underside. Aphis fabae