gallers on Erodium

1a On parts above ground => 3

1b On roots or on root collar => 2

2a Roots with small nodular or spindle-shaped swellings. E. cicutarium:
Meloidogyne hapla

2b Adventitious buds on root collar circularly developing into ± cauliflower-like galls, up to 20 mm broad, not excessively pubescent. E. cicutarium: Aceria schlechtendali

3a On vegetative organs => 4

3b Flowers swollen, unopened; ovary sometimes slightly disfigured. Containing several orange coloured larvae. E. sanguineum, cicutarium: Dasineura geranii

3c Flower bud disfigured and swollen, perianth hypertrophied, stamens normally developed, staminodes and ovary atrophied. E. chium, ciconium: Aceria erodii

3d Flower swollen, corolla disfigured. E. chium, cicutarium, ciconium, malacoides: Limobius borealis

4a Localised wart- or bulge-shaped galls on vegetative organs => 7

4b Expanded malformations on leaves or several other organs => 5

5a Malformations on basal organs => 6

5b Leaf margins deflected, leaf blades of several leaves curled and bent. E. ciconium, cicutarium, malacoides, moschatum, trichomanifolium: Acyrthosiphon malvae

6a Plant ± stunted. Terminal organs clustered on often distinctly shortened internodes. Leaves almost sessile, lacerate, rolled downwards and bent; flower primordia stunted or variously leafy; inhabited parts often excessively pubescent. E. cicutarium: Aceria schlechtendali

6b Petioles, also lower parts of leaf blade of ± stunted plants, variously swollen, spongy and disfigured. Galls ± wrinkled, also on basal part of stem. E. cicutarium: Ditylenchus dipsaci

7a Indistinctly swollen, ± yellowish, often reddish to crimson margined sori bearing aecia on leaf midrib and leaf blades. E. cicutarium: Puccinia polygoni-amphibii

7b Aecia may occur on leaf midrib in conspicuously swollen bulges. E. cicutarium: Aecidium erodii-cicutarii

7c Less than a mm wide, purplish red, semiglobular warts, mainly on the lower leaves, often in large numbers. E. cicutarium: Synchytrium papillatum