Dichotomous table for gallers on Foeniculum vulgare
by Hans Roskam
1a On above-ground plant parts => 2
1b Nodular swellings on roots. Meloidogyne hapla
2a On parts of inflorescence or on fruits => 6
2b On vegetative parts => 3
3a Malformations caused by animal parasites => 4
3b Stalks, midrib or veins of leaves, also stalk of umbel or fruit with bulging swellings bearing spermogonia and pale-yellow aecia. Uromyces graminis
4a Rosette leaves or terminal parts of vegetative shoots variously disfigured by aphids; midrib ± stunted and distorted; tips of leaflets clustered, curved and curled => 5
4b Globular swelling of ramification of leaflet; gall inside covered with mycelium. Containing a single gall midge larva. Lasioptera carophila
4c Midrib of leaf locally severely stunted and including some side spindles strongly converging downwards, nest-like. Philaenus spumarius
5a Aphid black. Aphis fabae
5b Aphid green. Cavariella aegopodii
6a Centre of umbel or stalk of umbel ± swollen, club-shaped. Inner wall covered with mycelium. Containing a single red larva. Lasioptera carophila
6b Spindle-shaped swelling of stalk of umbel. Containing a single yellow larva. Lasioptera umbelliferarum
= Lasioptera foeniculi has been described causing fruit galls. Galls from September up to November; larvae pupate in soil, adults emerge about 10 days afterwards.
6c ruit conspicuously swollen, ± reddened, often protruding above the partial umbel. Containing a single orange-red larva. Kiefferia pericarpiicola