Dichotomous table for gallers on Galinsoga
by Hans Roskam
1a On above-ground parts => 2
1b Roots with spindle- to nodule-shaped swellings. G. parviflora: Meloidogyne hapla
2a Distortion of leaves => 4
2b Galls mainly on stems => 3
3a Initially hyaline, later on browned, glabrous ± spindle-shaped swellings of the stems on all sides or, if on one side, bent, occasionally on petioles and leaf veins, even on involucral bracts, exceptionally on adventitious roots; of various shapes and dimensions. Young plants swollen at stem base. G. parviflora: Protomyces buerenianus
3b Blunt, spongy swellings of the stems, ± uneven, at their surface, the inside with eelworms. G. parviflora: Ditylenchus dipsaci
4a Tight curling of the locally intensively green coloured leaf blade caused by a froth-covered nymph. G. quadriratiata, parviflora: Philaenus spumarius
4b Wrinkling and downward bending of the leaf blade. G. parviflora: Unidentified aphid