gallers on Ornithopus

1a On parts above ground => 3

1b On roots => 2

2a Nodular swellings in root. O. sativus: Meloidogyne hapla

2b Often only small nodules attached to roots, usually oval, more rarely cylindrical, apically sometimes flattened or grooved. Ornithopus spp.: Rhizobium lupini

3a Malformations on leaves, as well as conspicuously on petioles and stems => 4

3b Leaflets rolled upwards or folded together; sickle-shaped, also spirally distorted. Flowers atrophied and aborted; sometimes develop leaves instead of bracts. Plants often ± stunted, infected extensively. Diseased parts sometimes abnormally haired. O. perpusillus, sativus, ? compressus: Aceria plicator

4a Stems with spongy swellings on conspicuously stunted young plants. Inserted leaves ± stunted and disfigured. Many eelworms live in the prematurely withering tissue. O. perpusillus, sativus: Ditylenchus dipsaci

4b Systemically infected young plants or shoots often largely stunted in longitudinal growth, rigidly erect. Leaves and leaflets reduced, thickened due to defective differentiation of tissue, soon covered with a dirty grey down of branched conidiophores. O. perpusillus, pinnatus, sativus: Peronospora ornithopi