Dichotomous table for gallers on Pedicularis
by Hans Roskam
1a Malformations of vegetative plant parts => 2
1b Galls in swollen flower buds caused by various undescribed Dasineura spp.
2a Galls wart-like, or, bulge-shaped or rolls of leaf margin => 3
2b Shoot axis stunted; leaves ± curled, locally deep green, converging, deflected, almost nest-like. P. palustris: Philaenus spumarius
3a Wart- or ± spindle-shaped galls caused by fungi => 4
3b Leaf tips ± crookedly rolled downwards, often reddened, densely felt-like, inside, sparsely pubescent on outside. P. lapponica, palustris, sylvatica, verticillata: Aculops pedicularis
4a Less than 1 mm long, multicellular yellow warts on leaf blades, stalks and stems, sometimes coalescing and additionally disfiguring the organs. Pedicularis spp.: Synchytrium aureum
4b Yellow, often distinct, spindle-shaped bulges on petioles or stems; rotund on the leaf blade, with arched pads on underside bearing aecia; Spermogonia develop on upperside. P. mixta, palustris, resupinata, sceptrum-carolimum, sylvatica: Puccinia paludosa