Category: parasite

Urentius chobauti Horváth, 1907 on Cistus parasite Larvae and adults freely at the leaves. host plants Cistaceae, monophagous Cistus albidus. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Magnien, Morère & Péricart (979a).

Kalama henschi (Puton, 1892) on Pilosella parasite Larvae and adults freely at the leaves. host plants Asteraceae, monophagous Pilosella officinarum. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). synonyms Dictyonota henschi. references Magnien, Morère & Péricart (979a).

Ramularia hypericicola Braun, 1998 on Hypericum parasite Leaf spots with caespituli. Conidia in mostly simple chains, hyaline, ± smooth, 4-5 x 10-30 µm, 0-1-septate. host plants Hypericaceae, monophagous Hypericum calycinum. references Braun (1998a), Selçuk, Hüseyin & Bulbul (2012a).

Monochroa inflexella Svensson, 1992 on ? Filipendula host plants Rosaceae, monophagous ? Filipendula vulgaris. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Buschmann, Fazekas & Pastorális (2011a), Svensson (1992a).

Ericaphis scammelli (Mason,1940) blueberry aphid on Vaccinium parasite Pale yellowisg green aphids with a finger-shaped cauda at the undersides of the leaves. host plants Ericaceae, monophagous Vaccinium corymbosum. distribution within Europe North Amerivan psecies, now also in several European countries. synonyms Fimbriaphis fimbriata pernettyae Prior, 1971. references Influential Points (2023).

Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky, 1866) granulate, asian, ambrosia beetle on broadleaved trees charistically for this species, the frass is ejected as a white rod, like a toothstick© RF Mizell (from Atkinson ao) parasite Larvae and beetles bore in not overly thick stems, feeding on fungi. host plants polyphagous Ceratonia siliqua; Pistacia lentiscus; Punica granatum; Ruscus aculeatus. […]

Lixus umbellatarum (Fabricius, 1787) on Ferula, etc. parasite Larvae bore in the stems. host plants Apiaceae, oligophagous Ferula communia; Opopanax chironium; Pastinaca sativa. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Buchelos & Evergetis (2011a), Colonnelli, Osella & Cornacchia (2011a).

Phytomyza achilleaececis Süss, 1984 on Achillea parasite Maybe gall inducer in Achillea ligustica. host plants Asteraceae, monophagous Achillea ligustica. distribution within Europe Sicily. references Süss (1982a).

Aureobasidium bupleuri (Bills) Haelewaters & Aimé, 2021 on Bupleurum parasite Black acervuli on yellowed leaves and dead flower stems. Conidia 4-8 x 10-20 µm, hyalime to dark olive, 0-1-septate, partly solitary, partly in yeast-like masses. host plants Apiaceae, monophagous Bupleurum gibraltarium. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). synonyms Kabatiella bupleuri Bills, 2012. references Bills, Menéndez & […]

Autophila anaphanes Boursin, 1940 on Ulex, etc. parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants Fabaceae, oligophagous Genista acanthoclada; Ulex. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Pyrgus. references Kravchenko, Müller, Orlova & Seplyarskaya (2004a), pyrgus.de (2023).

Pericyma albidentaria (Freyer, 1842) on Alhagi parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants Fabaceae, monophagous Alhagi graecorum. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Pyrgus. references Kravchenko, Müller, Orlova & Seplyarskaya (2004a), pyrgus.de (2023).

Autophila cerealis (Staudinger, 1871) parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants ? polyphagous Salvia. distribution within Europe Turkije. references Katbeh-Bader (2017a), Kravchenko, Müller, Orlova & Seplyarskaya (2004a).

Zygaena dorycnii Ochsenheimer, 1808 on Securigera parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants Fabaceae, monophagous Securigera varia. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum. references Efetov & Savchuk (2013a), Lepiforum (2023).

Zygaena armena Eversmann, 1851 on Securigera parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants Fabaceae, monophagous Securigera orientalis, varia. distribution within Europe Turkey. references Can, Ulaşli, Karaçeti̇n & Akar (2022a), Lepiforum (2023)

Zygaena sedi Fabricius, 1787 on Astracantha, etc. parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants Fabaceae, oligophagous Astracantha rumelica; Astragalus sirinicus; ? Vicia cracca, tenuifolia & subsp. dalmatica. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Efetov, Lepiforum, Pyrgus. references Efetov (1996a, 2018a), Lepiforum (2023), pyrgus.de (2023).

Zygaena orana Duponchel, 1835 on Lotus, etc. parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants Fabaceae, oligophagous Erophaca baetica; Lotus corniculatus, creticus, cytisoides, longisiliquosus; Onobrychis alba, conferta subsp. argentea, humilis, saxatilis. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum, Pyrgus. references Lepiforum (2023), pyrgus.de (2023).

Zygaena ignifera Korb, 1897 on Hippocrepis parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants Fabaceae, monophagous Hippocrepis scorpioides. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Pyrgus. references Lencina Gutiérrez (1991a), pyrgus.de (2023).

Entomoscelis dorsalis (Fabricius, 1777) on Adonis parasite Larvae and adults freely at the leaves. host plants Ranunculaceae, monophagous Adonis vernalis. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Kippenberg & Mikhailov (2020a).

Syagrius intrudens Waterhlouse, 1903 fern weevil on ferns parasite Larvae bore in the rhizome. host plants polyphagous Asplenium scolopendrium; Dryopteris; Polypodium; Polystichum setiferum; Pteridium aquilinum. distribution within Europe Australian species, found at a few point (in gardens) ih the UK. references Heijerman (1999b), Read (2017a).

Exosoma lusitanicum (Linnaeus, 1767) on Narcissus parasite Larvae at the underground parts. host plants Amaryllidaceae, monophagous Narcissus. Adults often on flowers, especially of yellow Asteraceae. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Steinhausen. references Bahillo de la Puebla & Román (2009a), Biondi (1994b), Bourdonné & Doguet (1986a), García-Ocejo & Gurrea (1991a, Petitpierre, Bastazo […]

Galeruca monticola (Kiesenwetter, 1850) on Aconitum parasite Larvae and adults freely at the leaves. host plants Ranunculaceae, monophagous Aconitum napellus. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Bourdonné & Doguet (1986a), Petitpierre i Vall (1994a).

Gonioctena lineata (Gené, 1839) on Genista parasite Larvae and adults freely at the leaves. host plants Fabaceae, monophagous Genista corsica, lobelii. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Winkelman & Debreuil (2008a).

Prasocuris vicina Lucas, 1849 on herbs parasite Larvae and adults freely at the leaves. host plants polyphagous Veronica. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Winkelman & Debreuil (2008a).

Prasocuris distincta Lucas, 1849 on herbs parasite Larvae and beetles freely at the leaves. host plants polyphagous Ranunculus; Veronica. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Winkelman & Debreuil (2008a).

Chrysolina suffriani (Fairmaire, 1859) on Clinopodium parasite Larvae and beetles freely at the leaves. host plants Lamiaceae, monophagous Clinopodium nepeta. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Winkelman & Debreuil (2008a).

Oreina genei (Suffrian, 1851) on Senecio parasite Larvae and beetles freely at the leaves. host plants Asteraceae, monophagous Senecio ovatus subsp. alpestris. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Winkelman & Debreuil (2008a).

Chrysolina timarchoides (Brisout, 1882) on Bupleurum parasite Larvae and beetles freely at the leaves. host plants Apiaceae, monophagous Bupleurum ranunculoides. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Winkelman & Debreuil (2008a).

Chrysolina obscurella (Suffrian, 1851) on Laserpitium, etc. parasite Larvae and beetles freely at the leaves. host plants Apiaceae, oligophagous Laserpitium gallicum, nestleri; Seseli montanum; Siler montanum. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Winkelman & Debreuil (2008a).

Oreina fairmairiana (des Gozis, 1882) on Doronicum, Meum parasite Larvae and beetles freely at the leaves. host plants polyphagous Doronicum grandiflorum; Meum athamanticum. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Winkelman & Debreuil (2008a).

Oreina collucens (Daniel, 1903) on Centaurea s.l. parasite Larvae and beetles freely at the leaves. host plants Asteraceae, oligophagous Centaurea jacea, scabiosa; Cyanus montanus. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Winkelman & Debreuil (2008a).

Chrysolina diluta (Germar, 1824) on Plantago parasite Larvae and beetles freely at the leaves. host plants Plantaginaceae, monophagous Plantago albicans, coronopus, lagopus. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Winkelman & Debreuil (2008a).

Chrysolina interstincta (Suffrian, 1851) on Achillea, etc. parasite Larvae and adults freely at the leaves. host plants Asteraceae, oligophagous Achillea millefolium, odorata; Anthemis; Centaurea stoebe; Chamaemelum nobile; Cladanthus mixtus. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Fleury & Vitali (2018a), Winkelman & Debreuil (2008a).

Timarcha maritima Perris, 1855 on Galium, Plantago parasite Larvae ans beetles freely at the leaves. host plants restricted polyphagous Galium arenarium; Plantago coronopus, lanceolata, media, maritima. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Winkelman & Debreuil (2008a).

Timarcha cornuta Bechyné, 1944 host plants, imago Rubiaceae, monophagous Cruciata glabra. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Winkelman & Debreuil (2008a).

Hypera farinosa (Boheman, 1842) on Trifolium parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants Fabaceae, monophagous Trifolium incarnatum. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Winkelmann, Bahr & Messutat (2021a).

Trionymus oncueri Kaydan & Yerlikaya, 2021 on Juncus parasite Scales in the leaf sheaths. host plants Juncaceae, monophagous Juncus acutus. distribution within Europe Turkey. references ScaleNet (2023), Yerli̇kaya, Başpina & Kaydan (2021a).

Colaspidema dufouri Pérez Arcas, 1865 on Foeniculum parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants Apiaceae, monophagous Foeniculum vulgare. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Petitpierre & López-Pérez (2015a).

Trionymus thulensis Green, 1931 northern mealybug on grasses parasite Scales in the leaf sheaths. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Calamagrostis canescens; Elytrigia; Festuca ovina, rubra; Holcus mollis; Phragmites australis; Trisetum flavescens; Triticum aestivum. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Jansen (2009a, 2013a), ScaleNet (2023).

Zygaena nevadensis Rambur, 1858 on Lathyrus, Vicia parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants Fabaceae, oligophagous Lathyrus filiformis, linifolius, pratensis; Vicia cracca & subsp. incana, onobrychioides, tenuifolia, villosa. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Pyrgus. references Efetov, Tarmann & Tremewan (2011a), Lencina Gutiérrez (1991a), Lepiforum (2023), Pérez De-Gregorio, Romaña & Rondós […]

Zygaena anthyllidis Boisduval, 1828 on Lotus, etc. parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants Fabaceae, oligophagous Lotus alpinus; Trifolium alpinum. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum, Pyrgus. references Lepiforum (2023), Pérez De-Gregorio, Romaña & Rondós (2021a) , Peslier (2001a), pyrgus.de (2023).

Peronospora lallemantiae Golovin & Kalymbetov, 1953 on Lallemantia parasite Down on the leaves. host plants Lamiaceae, monophagous Lallemantia iberica. references Özaslan, Boyraz & Güncan (2017a).

Peronospora karelii Bremer & Gäumann, 1945 on Lomelosia parasite Down on the leaves. host plants Caprifoliaceae, monophagous Lomelosia rotata. references Sert & Stimbtil (2003a).

Peronospora hypecoi Bremer, 1953 on Hypecoum parasite Down on the leaves. host plants Papaveraceae, monophagous Hypecoum. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Sert & Stimbtil (2003a).

Peronospora cilicica Bremer & Gäumann, 1945 on Vicia parasite Down on the leaves. host plants Fabaceae, monophagous Vicia narbonensis. references Sert & Stimbtil (2003a).

Brachmia dimidiella (Denis & Schiffermüller. 1775) on Peucedanum host plants Apiaceae, monophagous Peucedanum. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Plotz (2005a).

Squamapion ottonis (Wagner, 1914) on Thymus host plants Lamiaceae, monophagous Thymus. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Hayat, Güçlü, Özbek & Schön (2002a).

Hypophyes aphyllae (Peyerimhoff, 1929) on Tamarix host plants Tamaricaceae, monophagous Tamarix aphylla. distribution within Europe Turkey. references Hayat, Güçlü, Özbek & Schön (2002a).

Bucculatrix ulmicola Kuznetzov, 1962 on Ulmius mine The young lava makes a slender gallery that freely weaves through the leaf and terminates upon a relatively large larval chamber. Frass in an uninterrupted, broad, black central line. Older larvae live freely on the leaves, finally pupate there in a flat white spinning. host plants Ulmaceae, monophagous […]

Hepialus humuli (Linnaeus, 1758) ghost moth on herbd parasite Larvae freely at the roots. host plants polyphagous Chrysanthemum; Eupatorium cannabinum; Fragaria; Humulus lupulus; Lactuca sativa. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum, Packard. references Kurz (2016a), Lepiforum (2023), Packard (1895a).

Phymatopus hecta (Linnaeus, 1758) gold swift on Pteridium parasite Larvae bor in the rhyzomes. host plants polyphagous Athyrium filix-femina; Calluna; Dryopteris dilatata; Primula; Pteridium aquilinum; Rumex; Thelypteris palustris; Urtica dioica; Vaccinium. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum, Packard. synonyms Hepialus, Phymatopus, hectus. references Kurz (2016a), Lepiforum (2023), Packard (1895a), Post (2006a).

Pharmacis fusconebulosa (De Geer, 1778) map-winged swift on Pteridium, ? etc. parasite Larvae bore in the rhizzomes. host plants Dennstaedtiaceae, ? monophagous Pteridium aquilinum. Also are suggested: Athyrium filix-femina; Luzula sylvatica; Scirpus. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum. synonyms Hepialus fusconebulosus; Korscheltellus fusconebulosa. references Lepiforum (2023), van Lettow (1987a), Steeman & […]

Chlorophorus herbstii (Brahm, 1790) on Tilia parasite Larvae bore in the wood of declining trees. host plants Malvaceae, monophagous Tilia cordata. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). synonyms Chlorophorus herbsti. egg, larva, pupa see Leiler. references Benedikt & Sieber (2018a), Leiler (1954a), Schmidl (2000a).

Mecaspis emarginata (Fabricius, 1787) on Peucedanum, et. host plants Apiaceae, oligophagous Peucedanum cervaria; Pimpinella saxifraga. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). synonyms Mecaspis emarginatus. references Dieckmann (1983a).

Buprestis dalmatina Mannerheim, 1837 on Picea, Pinus parasite Larvae bore in the trunl. host plants Pinaceae, oligophagous Picea orientalis; Pinus brutia, halepensis, parviflora, sylvestris. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Bolu ao. references Bolu, Çelik & Maral (2020a), Lorubio, Cancelliere & Izzillo (2018a).

Otiorhynchus fagi Gyllenhal, 1834 parasite Larvae freely at the roots, beetles at the leaves. host plants, beetles polyphagous Abies alba; Adenostyles alliariae; Alchemilla; Alnus incana; Cirsium; Corylus avellana; Geranium; Petasites albus; Picea abies; Pinus mugo; Rosa; Rubus idaeus; Rumex acetosa; Salix; Solanum tuberosum; Sorbus aucuparia; Trifolium pratense; Vaccinium myrtillus. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references […]

Otiorhynchus lavandusGermar, 1824 on Rubus parasite Larvae freely at the roots, adults at the leaves. host plants Rosaceae, monophagous Rubus idaeus. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Ostojá-Starzewski & Eyre (2017a).

Otiorhynchus pyrenaeus Gyllenhal, 1834 parasite Larvae freely at the roots, adults at the leaves. host plants, beetles polyphagous Alnus; Populus; Prunus; Rhamnus; Rubus. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Dauphin (2013a).

Otiorhynchus auropunctatus Gyllenhal, 1834 parasite Larvae freely at the roots, adults at the leaves. host plants, larvae polyphagous Pinus. host plants, beetles polyphagous Cirsium arvense. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Dauphin (2013a).

Dyscia lentiscaria (Donzel, 1837) on Helianthemum parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants Cistaceae, monophagous Helianthemum. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Peslier (1999b).

Dyscia penulataria (Hübner, 1819) on herbs parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants polyphagous Dorycnium pentaphyllum. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum. references Lepiforum (2023), Peslier (1999b).

Hyphoraia dejeani (Godart, 1822) on Rumex parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants Polygonaceae, monophagous Rumex. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum. synonyms Arctia dejeani. references Lepiforum (2023), Nunes (2021a).

Hyphoraia dejeani (Godart, 1822) on Rumex xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants Campanulaceae, monophagous oligophagous polyphagous plantnaamengenus. eeeeeeeeeeeeee xxxxxxxxxxxxeeeeeeeeeeeeee. phenology distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum, Pyrgus. pupa xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx synonyms XXXXX author. inquilines xxxxxx. hyperparasites xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx. notes . references Lepiforum (2023), pyrgus.de (2023), ScaleNet (2023).

Chemerina caliginearia (Rambur, 1833) on Cistus parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants Cistaceae, monophagous Cistus salviifolius. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum. references Latasa Asso & Garzón Sánchez (1999a), Lepiforum (2023), Nunes (2021a).

Pseudophilotes abencerragus (Pierret, 1837) false baton blue on Cleonia parasite Larvae freely at the inflorecences. host plants Lamiaceae, monophagous Cleonia lusitanica. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Obregón-Romero & Gil-T. synonyms Scolitantides abencerragus. references Montiel Pantoja, Martínez Pérez & Garrido Padilla (2015a), Obregón, Arenas-Castro, Gil-T, ao (2014a), Obregón-Romero & Gil-T (2011a), Vicente […]

Clavigesta gerti Larsen, 2010 on Pinus parasite Larvae in a web at the needles. host plants Pinaceae, monophagous Pinus halepensis. distribution within Europe Western Mediterranean. references Larsen (2010b).

organ parasitic mode stage note taxonomic group parasite

synonym: Ilex azorica organ parasitic mode stage note taxonomic group parasite leaf hidden Tortricidae Epiphyas postvittana

Omia cyclopea (Graslin, 1837) on Helianthemum parasite Larvae freely at the fruits. host plants Cistaceae, monophagous Helianthemum canum, nummularium. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Bachelard ao, Lepiforum. references Bachelard, Baillet, Morel & Rosset (2008a), Lepiforum (2023), Scalercio & Bertaccini (2022a).

Omia cymbalariae (Hübner, 1809) on Helianthemum parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants Cistaceae, monophagous Helianthemum nummularium. Also Anthemis (Peslier) distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum, Pyrgus. references Dapporto (1998a), Lepiforum (2023), Peslier (2000a), pyrgus.de (2023), .

Lethrus apterus (Laxmann, 1770) parasite The females collect leaf fragments and carry them to a previously made hole. Here the leaf material is formed into a ball, on which the larvae develop. host plants polyphagous Helianthus annuus. A pest in sunflower cultivation. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). notes Lethrus counts a number of species in […]

Opatrum sabulosum (Linnaeus, 1761) darkling beetle on herbs parasite Adults feed freely at the leaves, larvae at the roots. host plants polyphagous Aegopodium podagraria; Agrimonia eupatoria; Ajuga genevensis; Aquilegia vulgaris; Arctium lappa, tomentosum; Aristolochia clematitis; Artemisia absinthium; Asclepias syriaca; Astragalus onobrychis; Beta vulgaris; Borago officinalis; Capsicum annuum; Centaurea scabiosa; Chelidonium majus; Chenopodium album; Cichorium intybus; […]

Mordellistena brevicauda (Bohemann, 1849) on Galium parasite Larvae bore in the rhizome; here also they hibernate, next pupate. host plants Rubiaceae, monophagous Galium verum. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Zemoglyadchuk & Buialska. references Zemoglyadchuk & Buialska (2020a).

Mordellistena koelleri Ermisch, 1956 on Phleum parasite Larvae bore in the swollen base of the stem; here also they hibernate, next pupate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Phleum pratense. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Zemoglyadchuk & Buialska. references Zemoglyadchuk & Buialska (2020a).

Mordellistena luteipalpis Schilsky, 1895 on Galium parasite Larvae bore in the stem; here also they hibernate, next pupate. host plants Rubiaceae, monophagous Galium verum. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Zemoglyadchuk & Buialska. references Zemoglyadchuk & Buialska (2020a).

Mordellistena parvula (Gyllenhal, 1827) on Helianthus parasite Oviposition in a leaf axil. The larva descends as a borer gradually down to the region of the root collar, where it makes a slight cocoon, hibernates, then pupates. Frass is regularly deposited in the gallery. host plants Asteraceae, monophagous Helianthus annuus. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references […]

Amyna axis Guenée, 1852 eight-spot on kruiden parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants polyphagous Abutilon, Amaranthus; Arachis; Beta vulgaris; Celosia; Chenopodium album; Chrozophora; Helianthus; Hibiscus; Ipomoea; Medicago; Phaseolus; Ricinus; Rumex vesicarius; Solanum; Spinacia oleracea. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Köhler, Wagner & Binns. synonyms Scythocentropus inquinata: Köhler (2014b). references […]

Tiliacea cypreago (Hampson, 1906) on broadleaved trees parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants polyphagous Acer monspessulanum; Carpinus; Fagus; Populus; Quercus; Salix; Tilia; Vaccinium. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Kemal & Koçak, Lepiforum. references Kemal & Koçak (2018a), Kravchenko, Fibiger, Mooser, ao (2008a), Lepiforum (2023).

Agrotis lanzarotensis Rebel, 1894 on herbs parasite Larvae freely at the lower parts. host plants polyphagous Calendula; Rumex. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum, Pyrgus. references Lepiforum (2023), pyrgus.de (2023).

Agrotis boetica (Rambur, 1837) on herbs parasite Larvae freely at the roots. host plants polyphagous Astragalus; Echinops; Lithospermum; Lomelosia rutifolia; Malcolmia littorea. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Pyrgus. synonyms Agrotis boeticus. references Huertas Dionisio (2007a), Kravchenko, Fibiger, Mooser & Muller (2006a), Kravchenko, Pstygo, Speidel & Müller (2013a), pyrgus.de (2023).

Agrotis alexandriensis Bethune-Baker, 1894 parasite Larvae at the roots. host plants ? polyphagous Malcolmia littorea. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Huertas Dionisio (2007a).

Archon apollinaris (Herbst, 1798) little false apollo on Aristolochia parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants Aristolochiaceae, monophagous Aristolochia bottae, maurorum,. distribution within Europe Turkey. egg, larva, pupa see de Freina. references de Freina (1985a).

Archon apollinus (Herbst, 1798) false apollo on Aristolochia parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants Aristolochiaceae, monophagous Aristolochia auricularia, billardierei, clematitis, “hastata”, hirta, incisa, maceophylla, maurorum, paecilantha, pallida, parvifolia, rotonda, paecilantha, seempervirens. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum, Pyrgus. references de Freina (1985a), Lepiforum (2023), pyrgus.de (2023), Slancarova, Vrba, Platek, […]

Zerynthia cretica (Rebel, 1904) cretan festoon on Aristolochia parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants Aristolochiaceae, monophagous Aristolochia cretica, ? parvifolia, sempervirens. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum, Pyrgus. references Dennis (1996a), Lepiforum (2023), pyrgus.de (2023).

Lathyromyza abruptis Fedotova, 1991 on Vicia Vicia cracca, Norway, Ellingsrud, Munkebekken, 2.viii.2021 © Hallvard Elven: female Vicia cracca, Norway, Ellingsrud, Munkebekken, 2.viii.2021 © Hallvard Elven: female Vicia cracca, Norway, Ellingsrud, Munkebekken, 2.viii.2021 © Hallvard Elven: male Vicia cracca, Norway, Ellingsrud, Munkebekken, 2.viii.2021 © Hallvard Elven: male parasite Larvae in the flowers. host plants Fabaceae, monophagous […]

Heterolocha laminaria (Herrich-Schäffer, 1852) on broadleaved trees parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants polyphagous Corylus; Salix. distribution within Europe Ukraine. references Khalaim, Zhakov, Suchkov ao (2021a), Poltavsky, Matov & Silkin (2007a).

Caradrina vicina Staudinger, 1870 on Artemisia parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants Asteraceae, monophagous Artemisia caerulescens subsp. cretacea. However, according to Poltavsky ao Medicago! distribution within Europe PESI (2023). synonyms Eremodrina vicina. references Fiumi & Campri (2020a), Poltavsky, Matov & Silkin (2007a).

Scopula alba Hausmann, 1993 on Silene parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants Caryophyllaceae, monophagous Silene. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). synonyms Glossotrophia alba. references Fiumi & Campri (2020a).

Zerynthia cassandra Geyer, 1828 southern festoon, italian festoon on Aristolochia parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants Aristolochiaceae, monophagous Aristolochia rotunda. distribution within Europe Italy. egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum. references Fiumi & Campri (2020a), Ghesini, de Faveri & Marini (2019a), Lepiforum (2023).

Abrostola agnorista Dufay, 1956 on Parietaria parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants Urticaceae, monophagous Parietaria. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum. references Lepiforum (2023), Stojanović & Vajgand (2007a), Vegliante & Zilli (2007a) .

Sophronia grandii Hering, 1933 on grasses host plants Poaceae, ? oligophagous Triticum aestivum. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Hering (1933d), Huemer & Karsholt (2020a), Kasy (1953a).

Idaea mancipiata (Staudinger, 1871) parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants polyphagous Rumex acetosella. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see King & Viejo Montesinos . references King & Viejo Montesinos (2016a).

Coenonympha thyrsis (Freyer, 1845) cretan small heath on grasses parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Cynosurus echinatus; Poa bulbosa. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum, Pyrgus. references Lepiforum (2023), pyrgus.de (2023), Wieners (2007a).

Lasiommata paramegaera (Hübner, 1824) pale wall brown on grasses parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Brachypodium retusum. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Pyrgus. references Dupont, Luquet, Demerges & Drouet (2013a), pyrgus.de (2023).

Schinia purpurascens (Tauscher, 1809) on Cephalaria parasite Larvae freely at the flower heads. host plants Caprifoliaceae, monophagous Cephalaria gigantea. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references De Prins (2019a).

Periphanes cora (Eversmann, 1837) on Thalictrum parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants Ranunculaceae, monophagous Thalictrum minus. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Bachelard ao, Lepiforum, Pyrgus. synonyms Pyrocleptria cora. references Bachelard, Morel, Rosset, ao (2009a), Lepiforum (2023), pyrgus.de (2023).

Leucania punctosa (Treitschke, 1825) on grasses parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Elytrigia repens; Festuca valesiaca. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum, Pyrgus. references Kravchenko, Pstygo, Speidel & Müller (2013a), Lepiforum (2023), pyrgus.de (2023), Savchuk & Kajgorodova (2013a).

Enargia abluta (Hübner, 1808) on Populus parasite Young larvae are shoot borers; older ones lvie among spun leaves. host plants Salicaceae, monophagous Populus nigra. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum, Savchuk & Kajgorodova. references Lepiforum (2023), Savchuk & Kajgorodova (2013a).

Aedophron rhodites (Evermann, 1851) on Phlomis parasite Larvae freely at the fruits. host plants Lamiaceae, monophagous Phlomis herba-venti subsp. pungens. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Savchuk & Kajgorodova. references Savchuk & Kajgorodova (2013a).

Schinia cognata (Freyer, 1833) on Chondrilla, etc. parasite Larvae freely at the flower heads. host plants Asteraceae, ? monophagous Chondrilla juncea. ? Less often Prenanthes purpurea; Sonchus (Bachelard ao). distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Bachelard ao, Lepiforum, Pyrgus, Savchuk & Kajgorodova. references Bachelard, Morel, Rosset, ao (2009a), Lecheva & Karova (2008a), […]

Schinia cardui (Hübner, 1790) on Picris parasite Larvae freely at the flower heads, feeding on flowers and fruitlets. host plants Asteraceae, monophagous Picris hieracioides. Occasionally Cichorium intybus. An association with Hypericum (Lessieur) is difficult to believe. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum, Pyrgus. references Lepiforum (2023), Lessieur (2014a), De Prins (2019a), […]

Cucullia virgaureae Boisduval, 1840 on Aster s.l. parasite Larvae freely at the inflorescences. host plants Asteraceae, oligophagous Galatella sedifolia subsp. biflora; Tripolium pannonicum. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Savchuk & Kajgorodova. references Savchuk & Kajgorodova (2013a).

Apaustis rupicola (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) on Thymus parasite Larvae freely at the inflorescence. host plants Lamiaceae, monophagous Thymus. In captivity also Origanum vulgare. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum, Pyrgus. references Lepiforum (2023), pyrgus.de (2023), Savchuk & Kajgorodova (2013a).

Autophila asiatica (Staudinger, 1888) on Vicia, etc. parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants Fabaceae, oligophagous Vicia cracca. In the laboratory also Medicago cretacea, sativa; Securigera varia. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum, Savchuk & Kajgorodova. references Lepiforum (2023), Savchuk & Kajgorodova (2013a).

Autophila limbata (Staudinger, 1871) on Astragalus, etc. parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants Fabaceae, oligophagous Astragalus ponticus; Onobrychis. In the laboratory also Astragalus onobrychis; Hedysarum candidum, distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum. references Katbeh-Bader (2017a), Lepiforum (2023), Savchuk & Kajgorodova (2013a).

Lygephila lusoria (Linnaeus 1758) on Vicia, etc. parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants Fabaceae, oligophagous Astragalus; Vicia ? cracca, tenuifolia & subsp. dalmatica. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum. references Dapporto (1998a), Kravchenko, Müller, Orlova & Seplyarskaya (2004a), Lepiforum (2023), Savchuk & Kajgorodova (2013a).

Eublemma polygramma (Duponchel, 1842) on Cuscuta parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants Convolvulaceae, monophagous Cuscuta. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum, Savchuk & Kajgorodova. synonyms Glossodice polygramma. references Dapporto (1998a), Lepiforum (2023), Savchuk & Kajgorodova (2013a).

Rileyiana fovea (Treitschke, 1825) on Quercus parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants Fagaceae, monophagous Quercus cerris, frainetto, petraea, robur. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum, Turčáni, Patočka & Kulfan. references Beshkov (2000b), Lepiforum (2023), Turčáni, Patočka & Kulfan (2010a), Žikić, Ritt, Colacci, ao (2019a).

Enterpia laudeti (Boisduval, 1840) on Silene, etc. parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants Caryophyllaceae, oligophagous Gypsophila; Silene gigantea. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum. references Kravchenko, Fibiger, Mooser, ao (2007a), Lepiforum (2023).

Euzophera bigella (Zeller, 1848) peach knot-horn, qiuince moth on broadleaved trees parasite Larvae tunnel below the bark, causing local swelling and crcking. host plants polyphagous Cydonia oblonga; Cydonia oblonga; Prunus; Ulmus. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Kone (1904a), Simoglou, Karataraki, Roditakis & Roditakis (2012a).

Phiaris obsoletana (Zetterstedt, 1839) mountain marblr on Arctostaphylos, Vaccinium parasite Larvae among spun leaves. host plants Ericaceae, oligophagous Arctostaphylos uva-ursi; Vaccinium myrtillus, uliginosum. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Hancock & Bland (2015b), Lepiforum (2023), Ylla, Macià & Requena (2009a).

Monochroa simpliciella (Lienig & Zeller, 1846) host plants restricted polyphagous Eriophorum; Juncus. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Huemer & Wieser (2003a).

Iwaruna klimeschi Wolff, 1958 host plants Fabaceae, oligophagous Dorycnium; Lotus. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Huemer (1996a), Šumpich & Vítek (2014a).

Pammene gallicolana (Lienig & Zeller, 1846) on Quercus parasite Larvae in not too small Cynipidae galls. host plants Fagaceae, monophagous Quercus robur. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum. references Corley, Rosete, Gonçalves ao (2016a), Disqué (1905a), Lepiforum (2023), Patočka & Turčáni (2005a), Schütze (1931a), Tavares (1905a), Wimmer (2001a).

Acleris roscidana auteur on Populus, etc. parasite Larvae in spun leaves leaves. host plants polyphagous Betula; Populus tremula. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Pröse (1993a), Revilla, Gastón & Redondo (2017a), Steeman (2019a).

Asalebria venustella (Ragonot, 1887) on Genista parasite Larvae solitarily in a thin web in the inflorescence. host plants Fabaceae, monophagous Genista scorpius. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). synonyms Salebria venustella. references Chrétien (1898a).

Pempelia albariella Zeller, 1839 on Onobrychis, etc. parasite Larvae among spun leaves. host plants Fabaceae, oligophagous Astragalus echinatus; Cytisus supinus; Onobrychis cornuta, supina. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Kemal & Koçak, Lepiforum. references Kemal & Koçak (2017a), Kovács & Kovács (2001b), Lepiforum (2023).

Muschampia tessellum (Hübner, 1803) tessellated skipper on Phlomis parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants Lamiaceae, monophagous Phlomis samia, tuberosa. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum, Pyrgus. references Budashkin & Savchuk (2010a), Koren, Martinović & Dender (2020a), Lepiforum (2023), pyrgus.de (2023).

Agrotis desertorum Boisduval, 1840 on Cakile parasite Larvae freely at the fruits. Pupatkion in a flimsy cocoon in the sand. host plants Brassicaceae, monophagous Cakile maritima subsp. euxina. phenology Hubernaton as pupa distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Budashkin & Savchuk, Lepiforum, Pyrgus. references Budashkin & Savchuk (2010a), Lepiforum (2023), pyrgus.de (2023).

Egira anatolica Hering, 1933 parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants polyphagous Tamarix tetrandra. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Budashkin & Savchuk, Lepiforum. references Budashkin & Savchuk (2010a), Lepiforum (2023).

Mycteroplus puniceago (Boisduval, 1840) on Atriplex parasite Larvae freely at the inflorescence. host plants Amaranthaceae, monophagous Atriplex sagittata. In ca;ptivity. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Budashkin & Savchuk, Lepiforum. references Budashkin & Savchuk (2010a), Lepiforum (2023).

Hypena opulenta (Christoph, 1877) on Vincetoxicum parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants Apocynaceae, monophagous Vincetoxicum rossicum, scandens. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum, Young & Weed. references Budashkin & Savchuk (2010a), Lepiforum (2023), Young & Weed (2014a).

Dyscia conspersaria (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) on Hedysarum parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants Fabaceae, monophagous Hedysarum tauricum. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum. references Budashkin & Savchuk (2010a), Lepiforum (2023).

Pleuroptya balteata Fabricius, 1798) parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants polyphagous Castanea; Cotinus coggygria; Pistacia terebinthus; Quercus serrata. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). synonyms Patania balteata. references Budashkin & Savchuk (2010a), Kovács & Kovács (2001b), Kravchenko, Poltavsky, Segerer, ao (2020a); Lepiforum (2023).

Acrobasis celticola (Staudinger, 1879) on Celtis parasite Larvae among spun leaves. host plants Cannabaceae, monophagous Celtis planchoniana. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum. synonyms Conobathra celticola. references Budashkin & Savchuk (2010a), Lepiforum (2023).

Phtheochroa ochralana (Chrétien, 1915) on Hammada parasite Larvae freely at the inflorescence. host plants Amaranthaceae, monophagous Hammada articulata. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Lepiforum (2023), Trematerra, Colacci, Goglia & Bella (2021a).

Epinotia dalmatana (Rebel, 1891) on Allium parasite Larvae in the flower heads. host plants Amaryllidaceae, monophagous Allium sphaerocephalon. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Lepiforum (2023), Trematerra, Sciarretta & Parenzan (1997a).

Epinotia brunnichana (Linnaeus, 1767) large birch bell on Betula, etc. parasite Larva in rolled leaf. host plants polyphagous Betula pendula, pubescens; Corylus avellana; Salix. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Hancock & Bland (2015b), Lepiforum (2023).

Celypha capreolana (Herrich-Schäffer, 1851) on Hieracium parasite Larvae in the roots. host plants Asteraceae, monophagous Hieracium umbellatum. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). synonyms Olehreutes capreolana. references Disqué (1905a), Schütze (1931a).

Wheeleria phlomidis (Staudinger, 1871) on Phlomis parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants Lamiaceae, monophagous Phlomis herba-venti subsp. pungens, orientalis. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum. references Budashkin & Savchuk (2010a), Gielis (1996a), Lepiforum (2023.

Oidaematophorus vafradactylus Svenson, 1966 on Inula parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants Asteraceae, monophagous Inula salicina. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Gielis (1996a).

Brachodes gaditana (Rambur, 1858) on grasses parasite Larvae deeply in the sods, among the root collara. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Agrostis castellana; Celtica gigantea; Dactylis glomerata; Festuca ampla. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Huertas-Dionisio. synonyms rachodes nanetta (Oberthür, 1922). references Huertas-Dionisio (2012a), Pérez de-Gregorio & Requena (2016a).

Scopula nemoraria (Hübner, 1799) on Stachys parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants Lamiaceae, monophagous Stachys sylvatica. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum, Pyrgus, Šumpich. references Ebert (ed., 2001a), Lepiforum (2023), pyrgus.de (2023), Rezbanyai-Reser (2007a), Šumpich (2017a).

Matilella fusca (Haworth, 1811) brown knot-horn on woody plants parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants polyphagous Betula; Salix. Also Ericaceae. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). synonyms Pyla fusca. references Šumpich (2017a).

Neptis sappho (Pallas, 1771) rusty sailer, common glider on Lathyrus, Robinia parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants Fabaceae, oligophagous Cytisus hirsutus; Lathyrus niger, vernus; Robinia pseudoacacia. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Bury, Jutzeler ao, Lepiforum, Pyrgus. references Bury (2020a), Jutzeler, Höttinger, Malicky, ao (2000a), Lepiforum (2023), pyrgus.de (2023), Šumpich […]

Cupido decolorata (Staudinger, 1886) eastern short-tailed blue on Medicago parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants Fabaceae, monophagous Medicago lupulina, sativa. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Pyrgus. synonyms Cupido decoloratus. references

Colias chrysotheme (Esper, 1781) lesser clouded yellow on Astragalus parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants Fabaceae, ? monophagous Astragalus ? australis, austriaca; ? Vicia hirsuta. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum, Pyrgus. references Lepiforum (2023), pyrgus.de (2023), Šumpich (2017a.

Brachodes appendiculata (Esper, 1783) on grasses parasite Larvae hidden at the base of the plants, between the roots and root collars. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Festuca ovina. vaginata. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). synonyms Atychia appendiculata. references Gartner (1864b), Heppner (1983a), Šumpich (2017a).

Apotomis inundana (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) on Populus parasite Larvae among spun leaves. host plants Salicaceae, monophagous Populus tremula. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). synonyms Olethreutes inundana. references Disqué (1905a), Lepiforum (2023), Réal & Robert (1982a), Šumpich (2017a).

Roeslerstammia pronubella (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) yellow ermel on Carpinus parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. Whether the young larvae make a mine, like R. erxlebella, seems to be unknown. host plants Betulaceae, monophagous Carpinus betulus. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum. references Baraniak (1990a), Lepiforum (2023), Pröse (1995a), Šumpich (2017a)Šumpich […]

Sophronia sicariellus (Zeller, 1839) on Achillea parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants Asteraceae, monophagous Achillea millefolium. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Kaitila (1996a), Lepiforum (2023).

Pyralis regalis Denis et Schiffermüller, 1775 parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants polyphagous Quercus; Rosa; Salix. Mainly on fallen leaves. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Fiumi (2019a), Vávra (2016a).

Carpatolechia epomidella (Tengström, 1869) on Rhododendron parasite Larvae among spun eaves leaves. host plants Ericaceae, monophagous Rhododendron tomentosum. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). synonyms Teleiodes epomidellus. references Kaitila (1996a), Lepiforum (2023).

Cryptoblabes bistriga (Haworth, 1811) double-striped knot-horn on broadleaved trees parasite Larvae aming spun leaves leaves. host plants Betulaceae, oligophagous Alnus glutinosa; Betula pendula. Also Quercus robur. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum. references Huisman & Koster (2000a), Lepiforum (2023).

Gelechia rhombella (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) apple groundling on Malus parasite Larvae ih a rolled leaf. host plants Rosaceae, monophagous Malus domestica. Possibly also Prunus spinosa; Pyrus communis; Sorbus aucuparia. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum. references Huisman & Koster (2000a), Kaitila (1996a), Lepiforum (2023).

Acrobasis sodalella Zeller, 1848 on Quercus parasite Larvae communally among spun leaves. host plants Fagaceae, monophagous Quercus robur. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum. references Fiumi (2019a), Huisman, Koster, van Nieukerken & Ulenberg (2001a), Lepiforum (2023).

Agdistis pseudocanariensis Arenberger, 1973 on Frankenia parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants Frankeniaceae, monophagous Frankenia ericifolia. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Arenberger & Baez (2011a), Gielis (1996a).

Agdistis morini Huemer, 2002 on Limonium parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants Plumbaginaceae, monophagous Limonium. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Huemer (2002c).

Agdistis intermedia Caradja, 1920 on Limonium parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants Plumbaginaceae, monophagous Limonium narbonense, scoparium. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum. references Arenberger (1977a), Fazekas (2002a), GIelis (1996a) , Lepiforum (2023).

Merrifieldia particiliata (Walsingham, 1908) on Lavandula parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants Lamiaceae, monophagous Lavandula canariensis, pinnata. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Arenberger & Baez (2011a).

Ethmia quadrinotella (Mann, 1861) on Heliotropium parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants Boraginaceae, monophagous Heliotropium erosum. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Klimesch (1986a).

Oxytrypia stephania Sutton, 1964 on Iris host plants Iridaceae, monophagous Iris schachtii. distribution within Europe Turkey. references Ronkay, Fabian, Herczig, ao (1990a).

Episema tersa (Denis & Schiffermüller. 1775) on Anthericum, etc. host plants Asparagaceae, oligophagous Anthericum ramosum; Muscari; Ornithogalum. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Nowacki, Dawidowicz, Sudoł & Wąsala (2019a), Šima (2008a).

Udea olivalis (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) olive pearl on herbs parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants polyphagous Fragaria ananassa; Geum; Humulus; Lonicera; Mercurialis perennis; Rubus; Sambucus; Senecio ovatus; Stachys; Tussilago farfara; Urtica. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum. references Baldizzone & Scalercio (2018a), Fiumi (2018a), Lepiforum (2023), Patočka (2001c), […]

Asalebria florella (Mann, 1862) on Genista host plants Fabaceae, monophagous Genista. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Baldizzone & Scalercio (2018a).

Ethmia discrepitella (Rebel, 1901) parasite Larvae freely at the mature leaves. host plants polyphagous Mentha spicata; Onobrychis arenaria subsp. miniata; Salvia nemorosa, nutans; Thalictrum minus; Thymus roegneri. All observations under seminatural conditions. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum. references Lepiforum (2023), Savchuk & Kajgorodova (2016a).

Ornativalva heluanensis (Debski, 1913) on Frankenia, Tamarix parasite Larvae in a silken tube along the young shoots. host plants polyphagous Frankenia; Tamarix nilotica, tetragyna. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Baldizzone & Scalercio (2018a), Lepiforum (2023).

Isidiella nickerlii (Nickerl, 1884) on Achillea, etc. parasite Larvae in a web among the young leaves. host plants Asteraceae, monophagous Achillea millefolium; Helichrysum arenarium. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Koster & Sinev (2003a).

Ethmia pyrausta (Pallas, 1771) mountain ermel on Thalictrum parasite Larvae freely in the inflorescence. host plants Ranunculaceae, monophagous Thalictrum alpinum, aquilegiifolium, flavum, lucidum. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum. references Emmet & Langmaid (2002b), Lepiforum (2023).

Gelechia rhombelliformis Staudinger, 1871 on Populus parasite Larvae in a leaf, spun into a pod; pupation under the bark. host plants Salicaceae, monophagous Populus balsamifera, nigra. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Huisman & Koster (1997a, 2000a), De Prins & Steeman (2006a).

Aegyptobia villiensis Hatzinikolis & Emmanouel, 1990 on Pyrus parasite Mites freely at the leaves. host plants Rosaceae, monophagous Pyrus spinosa. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Hatzinikolis & Emmanouel (1990a).

Aegyptobia wainsteini Bagdasarian, 1962 on Platycladus parasite Mites freely at the leaves. host plants Cupressaceae, monophagous Platycladus orientalis. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Kontschán & Ripka (2018a).

Tenuipalpus szarvasensis Bozai, 1970 on Picea parasite Mites freely at the leaves. host plants Pinaceae, monophagous Picea abies. distribution within Europe Hungary. references Kontschán & Ripka (2018a).

Aegyptobia bozaii Kontschán & Ripka, 2018 on Limonium parasite Mites freely at the leaves. host plants Plumbaginaceae, monophagous Limonium hungaricum. distribution within Europe Hungary. references Kontschán & Ripka (2018a).

Tenuipalpus zhizhilashviliae Reck, 1953 on Diospyros parasite Mites freely at the leaves. host plants Ebenaceae, monophagous Diospyros kaki. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Hatzinikolis (1986c).

Tenuipalpus rosae Kadzhaja, 1955 on Rpsa parasite Mites freely at the leaves. host plants Rosaceae, monophagous Rosa. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Hatzinikolis (1986c).

Tetranychus ludeni Zacher, 1913 dark-red spider mite, bean mite parasite Mites under a thin web at the leaves. host plants polyphagous Cucumis sativus; Cucurbita; Dahlia; Erigeron bonariensis; Malus domestica; Musa; Prunus domestica, persica, spinosa; Salvia splendens; Solanum melongena; Withania. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). synonyms Tetranychus salviae Oudemans, 1931. references Ben-David, Ueckermann & Gerson (2013a), […]

Oligonychus primulae (Oudemans, 1931) on Primula parasite Mites freely at the leaves. host plants Primulaceae, monophagous Primula obconica. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). synonyms Paratetranychus primulae. references Geijskes (1939a).

Tenuipalpus caudatus (Dugès, 1834) parasite Mites freely at the undersides of the leaves. host plants polyphagous Citrus; Laurus nobilis; Malus domestica; Olea europaea; Viburnum tinus. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). synonyms Tenuipalpus palmatus Donnadieu, 1875. references Geijskes (1939a), Hatzinikolis (1986c).

Scopula caricaria (Reutti, 1853) parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants polyphagous Artemisia; Centaurea. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum. synonyms Scopula virginalis (Fourcrey, 1785). references Ebert (ed., 2001a), Erlacher & Heuer (2005a), Lepiforum (2023).

Chilades trochylus (Freyer, 1845) orange-spotted grass jewel parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants ? polyphagous Andrachne telephioides; ? Heliotropium. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum, Pyrgus. synonyms Freyeria trochylus. references Galanos (2020a), Langourov, Simov & Abadjiev (2013a), Lepiforum (2023), pyrgus.de (2023).

Zizeeria karsandra (Moore, 1865) dark grass blue parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants polyphagous Anthyllis; Armeria; Medicago; Melilotus; Polygonum equisetiforme; Tribulus terrestris. Primarily on Polygonum equisetiforme (Galanos, Pyrgus.) distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Fiumi ao, Pyrgus. synonyms Often considered synonymous of Zizeeria knysna. This makes the list of host […]

Agrochola osthelderi Boursin, 1951 parasite Larvae freely on the leaves. host plants Lamiaceae [?] oligophagous Lamium. in captivity? distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum. synonyms Anchoscelis osthelderi. references Freytag (1996a), Lepiforum (2023).

Trigonophora haasi (Staudinger, 1892) on Cytisus parasite Larvae freely on the leaves. host plants Fabaceae, monophagous Cytisus balansae subsp. europaeus. distribution within Europe PESI (2021). synonyms Aporophyla haasi. references Peslier (1999a).

Mniotype spinosa (Chrétien, 1911) parasite Larvae freely on the leaves. host plants polyphagous Quercus ilex. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Peslier (1999a).

Trigonophora crassicornis (Oberthür, 1918) parasite Larvae freely on the leaves. host plants polyphagous Rosa. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Peslier (1999a).

Polymixis argillaceago (Hübner, 1822) parasite Larvae freely on the leaves. host plants polyphagous Cistus; Dorycnium; Genista; Thymus; Ulex. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Peslier (1999a).

Polymixis dubia (Duponchel, 1836) on Cistus parasite Larvae freely on the leaves. host plants Cistaceae, monophagous Cistus. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum. references Lepiforum (2023), Peslier (1999a).

Depressaria bayindirensis Buchner, Kemal & Kızıldağ, 2018 on Quercus parasite Larvae freely on the leaves. host plants Fagaceae, monophagous Quercus. distribution within Europe Turkey. references Buchner, Kemal & Kızıldağ (2018a).

Arethusana arethusa (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) false grayling on grasses parasite Larvae freely at the plants. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Brachypodium pinnatum; Bromopsis erecta; Dactylis glomerata; Festuca ovina; Lolium temulentum; Ochlopoa annua; Poa pratensis. Also Hippocrepis comosa (Meire & Bruneau). phenology Hibernation as young larva. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum, […]

Lythria plumularia (Freyer, 1831) on Polygonum parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants Polygonaceae, monophagous Polygonum aviculare. phenology Hibernation as pupa. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Pyrgus. references pyrgus.de (2023).

Trigonophora flammea (Esper, 1785) flame brocade parasite Larvae freely on the leaves, initially mainly on low plants, later more on shrubs and trees. host plants polyphagous Cytisus scoparius; Ficaria verna; Fraxinus excelsior; Ligustrum vulgare; Prunus spinosa; Quercus ilex; Rumex; Urtica. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum. references Bentley (2008a), Dapporto (1998a), […]

Depressaria hystricella Möschler, 1660 on Spiraea parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants Rosaceae, monophagous Spiraea media. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum. references Lepiforum (2023), Vives Moreno & Gastón (2019a).

Eucosma lugubrana (Treitschke, 1830) on Allium host plants Amaryllidaceae, monophagous Allium flavum. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). synonyms Pelochrista lugubrana. references Šumpich ao (2009a).

Dichrorampha gruneriana (Herrich-Schäffer, 1851) on Cota parasite Larvae in the roots. host plants Asteraceae, monophagous Cota tinctoria. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Gartner (1864a), Ylla, Requena & Macià (2019a).

Eucosma flavispecula Kuznetzov, 1964 on Centaurea host plants Asteraceae, monophagous Centaurea jacea & subsp. angustifolia. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Doremi (2017a), Fazekas & Schreurs (2010a), Kavurka (2018a), Šumpich (2011d).

Ptocheuusa inopella (Zeller, 1839) on Helichrysum parasite Larvae in the flower heads. host plants Asteraceae, monophagous Helichrysum arenarium. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Lepiforum (2023), Mazurkiewicz, Tumialis & Pezowicz (2013a), Wegner, Kayser & van Loh (2007a).

Agriphila selasella (Hübner, 1813) pale-streak grass-veneer on grasses parasite Larvae in a silken tube around the bases of the plants. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Festuca ovina; Hordeum; Poa; Puccinellia maritima; Spartina maritima. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum. references Jansen & Asselbergs (1993a), Lepiforum (2023), Petersen, Friese & Rinnhofer (1973a), Ricker […]

Cochylimorpha meridiana (Staudinger, 1859) on Centaurea parasite Larvae bore in the roots. host plants Asteraceae, monophagous Centaurea stoebe, vallesiaca. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). synonyms Stenodes meridiana. references Muller (1989).

Acrobasis suavella (Zincken, 1818) thicket knot-horn on Prunus, etc. parasite Larvae in a silken tube. host plants Rosaceae, oligophagous Cotoneaster horizontalis, microphyllus; Crataegus; Prunus spinosa. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum. synonyms Trachycera suavella. references Corley, Marabuto, Maravalhas ao (2009a), Lepiforum (2023), Wegner, Kayser & van Loh (2007a).

Caryocolum peregrinella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1854) on Silene, etc. parasite Larvae in a silken tube. host plants Caryophyllaceae, oligophagous Petrocoptis pyrenaica subsp. glaucifolia; Silene ciliata. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Heckford (2012a).

Ancylis uncella Dens & Schiffermüller, 1775) bridge roller on Betula, ? etc. parasite Larvae among spun leaves. host plants Betulaceae, ? monophagous Betula. ? Also Calluna. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). larva see Disqué. synonyms Ancylis uncana (Hübner, 1799). references Disqué (1905a), Hancock 6 Bland (2015b), Huisman & Koster (1997a), Lepiforum (2023).

Oxypteron impar Staudinger 1871 on Tulipa parasite Larva in the flowers. host plants Liliaceae, monophagous Tulipa schrenkii. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Trematerra & Colacci (2022a).

Metendothenia atropunctana (Zetterstedt, 1839) shoulder-spot marble on woody plants parasite Larvae among spun leaves. host plants polyphagous Betula pendula; Myrica gale; Pyrus cordata. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Graham, Lepiforum. synonyms Hedya atropunctana. references Corley, Rosete, Gonçalves ao (2016a), Graham (2014a), Hancock & Bland (2015b), Lepiforum (2023).

Hedya salicella (Linnaeus, 1758) white-backed marble on Populus, Salix parasite Larvae among spun leaves. host plants Salicaceae, oligophagous Populus nigra, tremuka; Salix alba, caprea. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum. synonyms Olethreutes salicella. references Corley, Rosete, Gonçalves ao (2016a), Disqué (1905a), Hancock & Bland (2015b), Lepiforum (2023).

Epagoge grotiana (Fabricius, 1781) brown-barred tortrix parasite Larvae among spun leaves. host plants polyphagous Crataegus; Petasites albus; Quercus; Rosa; Rubus; Vaccinium. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum. synonyms Dichelia grotiana. references Bradley, Tremewan & Smith (1973a), Disqué (1905a), Hancock & Bland (2015a), Lepiforum (2023).

Cnephasia gueneeana (Duponchel, 1836) on herbs parasite Larvae in folded leaves. host plants polyphagous Leucanthemum vulgare; Lotus; Plantago; Rumex. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). synonyms Cnephasia gueneana. references Hancock & Bland (2015a).

Simacauda dicommatias (Meyrick, 1931) on Luma mine Oviposition in the underside of a young leaf. Mine a long, very narrow, fras-filled gallery, that freely meanders through the leaf, also crossing the midrib. The gallery abruptly terminates in a small, irregular blotch, usually on the edge of a leaf and often at or near the tip. […]

chilean myrtle, temu organ parasitic mode stage note taxonomic group parasite leaf miner Incurvariidae Simacauda dicommatias

Tinagma signatum Gaedike, 1991 host plants Rosaceae, monophagous ? Geum montanum. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Huemer & Wieser (2000a), Kurz & Embacher (2012a), Stark (2020a).

Prochoreutis stellaris (Zeller, 1847) on Scutellaria parasite Larvae between spun leaves or inflorescences. host plants Lamiaceae, monophagous Scutellaria alpina. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum. references Lepiforum (2023), Sonderegger (2011a) .

Diasemia reticularis (Linnaeus, 1961) lettered china-mark on low herbs parasite Larva in a web below the plant. host plants polyphagous Leucanthemum; Plantago; Taraxacum. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see epiforum, Patočka, Patočka & Turčáni, Schmid. references Fiumi (2018a), Lepiforum (2023), Patočka (2001c), Patočka & Turčáni (2005a), Schmid (2019a).

Udea austriacalis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1851) on herbs parasite Larvae communally in a web below the leaves. host plants polyphagous Plantago; Taraxacum. In captivity! ei, larve, pop zie Schmid. egg, larva, pupa see Schmid. references Lepiforum (2023), Schmid (2019a).

Anania funebris (Ström, 1768) white-spotted sable moth on Solidago, etc. parasite Larvae in a web below the leaves. host plants Asteraceae, oligophagous Aster amellus; Solidago virgaurea. phenology Hibernation as larva. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum, Patočka, Patočka & Turčáni , Schmid. references Fiumi (2018a), Lepiforum (2023), Patočka (2001c), Patočka & […]

Alternaria citrullicola Woudenberg & Crous, 2014 on Citrullus parasite Leaf spots with caespituli. Conidia most solitary, pale olive brown, 8 x 35-41 µm, narrowly obclavate, 5-6 transversal and 0-q longitudinal septa, with a 178-232 µm long apical aseptate beak. host plants Cucurbitaceae, monophagous Citrullus lanatus. references Woudenberg, Truter, Groenewald & Crous (2014a).

Orenaia lugubralis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1851) on low herbs parasite Larvae in a web below the leaves. host plants polyphagous Arabis alpina; Silene acaulis. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Schmid. references Schmid (2019a).

Orenaia helveticalis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1851) on Arabis parasite Larvae in a web beow the leaves. host plants Brassicaceae, ? oligophagous Arabis alpina. In captivity! distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Schmid. references Schmid (2019a) .

Orenaia andereggialis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1851) host plants Brassicaceae, ? oligophagous distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Schmid. references Schmid (2019a).

Orenaia alpestralis (Fabricius, 1787) on Arabis, etc. parasite Larvae in a web below the leaves. host plants Brassicaceae, oligophagous Arabis alpina; Descurainia sophia. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Schmid. references Patočka (2001c), Patočka & Turčáni (2005a), Schmid (2019a).

Metaxmeste schrankiana (Hochenwarth, 1785) parasite Larvae in a silken tube anong the plants. host plants polyphagous Dryas octopetala; Geum montanum; Vaccinium myrtillus, uliginosum. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum, Scmid. references Lepiforum (2023), Schmid (2019a).

Alternaria cichorii Nattrass, 1937 on Cichorium parasite Leaf spots with caespituli. Conidia solitary, large, narrowly obclavate, repeatedly transversally and longitudinally septate, with a long apical beak. host plants Amaryllidaceae, monophagous Cichorium endivia, intybus. references Woudenberg, Truter, Groenewald & Crous (2014a).

Alternaria alli Nolla, 1927 on Allium parasite Leaf spots with caespituli. Conidia solitary, large, narrowly obclavate, repeatedly transversally and longitudinally septate, with a long apical beak. host plants Amaryllidaceae, monophagous Allium ampeloprasum, porrum. references Woudenberg, Truter, Groenewald & Crous (2014a).

Alternaria angallidis Raabe, 1938 on Anagallis parasite Leaf spots with caespituli. Conidia solitary, large, narrowly obclavate, repeatedly transversally and longitudinally septate, with a long apical beak. host plants Primulaceae, monophagous Anagallis arvensis. references Woudenberg, Truter, Groenewald & Crous (2014a).

Passalora hyperici (Tehon &Daniels) Braun, 1997 on Hypericum parasite Dark brown leaf spots with caesituli. Conidia 2 x 26 µm, 0-4-septate. host plants Hypericaceae, monophagous Hypericum maculatum, perforatum. references Radaitienė, Kačergius & Radušienė (2002a).

Lophodermium corconticum Koukol, Pusz & Minte, 2015 on Pinua parasite Distinguishable from Lophodermium pinastri only by molecular techniques. host plants Pinaceae, monophagous Pinus mugo. references Koukol, Pusz & Minter (2015a).

Neofusicoccum parvum (Pennycook & Samuels) Crous, Slippers & Phillips, 2006 on woody plants parasite cancers, black pycnidia. Conidia hyaline, thin-walled, 5-7 x 24-20 µm, aseptate. host plants polyphagous Eriobotrya japonica; Ficus carica; Mangifera indica; Olea europaea; Persea americana; Punica granatum; Vitis vinifera. references Aiello, Gusella, Fiorenza, ao (2019a) .

Pristiphora lanifica (Zaddach, 1883) on Salix parasite Larve freely at the leaves, communally at the laf margin. host plants Salicaceae, monophagous Salix aurita, caporea, phylicifolia, starkeana. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Liston (1981b), Pesarini (2014a).

Acanthopulvinaria orientalis (Nasonov, 1908) on Noaea parasite Scales. host plants Amaranthaceae, monophagous Noaea mucronata. distribution within Europe Cyprus. references ScaleNet (2023), Şi̇şman & Ülgentürk (2010a).

Cicadulina bipunctata (Melichar, 1904) orange leafhopper on grasses parasite Larvae and adults freely at the culms. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Cynodon dactylon. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). synonyms Cicadulina zeae China, 1926. references Dlabola (1958a).

Dictyophara lindbergi Metcalf, 1955 on woody plants parasite Larvae and adults freely at the brnsches. host plants ? polyphagous Pistacia. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). synonyms Dictyophara acuminata (Lindberg, 1948). references Dlabola (1958a [“Dictyophora”].

Chlorita viridula (Fallén, 1806) on Artemisia parasite Larvae and adult freely on the leaves. host plants Asteraceae, monophagous Artemisia. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Gillerfors (2005a).

Metidiocerus crassipes (Sahlberg, 1871) on Salix parasite Larvae and adults free on the leaves. host plants Salicaceae, monophagous Salix. distribution within Europe (PESI, 2020). references Gillerfors (2005a).

Edwardsiana kemneri (Ossiannilsson, 1942) on Salix parasite Larvae and adults at the leaves. host plants Salicaceae, monophagous Salix. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Popa (2005a).

Cremnophila sedakovella (Eversmann, 1851) on Astragalus parasite Larva in a silken tube among the leaves. host plants Fabaceae, monophagous Astragalus australis, leontinus. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Schmid. references Schmid (2019a).

Laodamia faecella (Zeller, 1839) on Myricaria parasite Larva among some spune inflorescences. host plants Tamaricaceae, monophagous Myricaria germanica. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Schmid. references Schmid (2019a).

Asarta alpicolella (Zeller, 1837) on herbs parasite Larva in a silken tube among the leaves. host plants polyphagous Campanula alpestris; Draba hoppeana. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum, Schmid. references Lepiforum (2023), Schmid (2019a).

Alternaria caricina Ondřej, 1974 on Carex parasite Leaf spots with caespituli. Conidia solitary, obclavate, light to dark brown, 8-10 x 60-190 µm with 4-15 transversal and zero longitudinal septa. host plants Cyperaceae, monophagous Carex brizoides. references Ondřej (1996a).

Alternaria leucanthemi Nelen, 1962 on Leucanthemum parasite Leaf spots with caespituli. Conidia solitary, cylindrical, without a beak, 10-20 x 20-120 µm with 10-20 transversal and 0-4 longitudinal septa. host plants Asteraceae, monophagous Leucanthemum vulgare. references Ondřej (1996a).

Alternaria infectoria Simmons, 1986 on grasses parasite Leaf spots with caespituli. Conidia brown, in branching chains, 7-10 x 5-30 µm with 2-5 transversal and 0-3 longitudinal septa. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Agrostis; Elymus; Festuca; Lolium perenne; Poa; Triticum. references Ondřej (1996a).

Alternaria helianthinficiens Simmons, Walcz & Roberts, 1986 on Helianthus parasite Brownish black leaf spots with caespituli. Conidiophores brown, septate 5-7 x 20-100 µm. Conidia solitary brown, with long beaks, 12-18 x 60-300 µm, with 1-2 longitudinal septa. host plants Asteraceae, monophagous Helianthus annuus. references Ondřej (1996a).

Neopestalotiopsis clavispora (Atkinson) Maharachchikumbura, Hyde & Crous, 2014 on Mangifera parasite Leaf spots with acervuli. Conidia 8-10 x 22-25 µm, smooth, fusiform, 4-septate, apical and basal cells thin-walled hyaline to pale olivaceous, the three median cells thick-walled light to dark brown; apical cell with 2-4 hyaline appendages, 22-34 µm, apically slightly swollen, basal cell with […]

Pestalotiopsis uvicola (Spegazzini) Bissett, 1983 on Mangifera parasite Leaf spots with acervuli. Conidia 7-8 x 25 µm, smooth, fusiform, 4-septate, apical and basal cells thin-walled hyaline to pale olivaceous, the three median cells thick-walled light to dark brown; apical cell with 2-3 hyaline appendages, 15-20 µm, basal cell with 1, 6-7 µm. host plants Anacardiaceae, […]

Asarta aethiopella (Duponchel, 1837) on Geum parasite Larvae in a silken tube among the leaves. host plants Rosaceae, monophagous Geum montanum. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Schmid. references Schmid (2019a).

Asartodes monspessulalis (Duponchel, 1834) on Thymus parasite Larvae in a silken tube among the leaves. host plants Lamiaceae, monophagous Thymus. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Schmid. references Schmid (2019a).

Dichrorampha forsteri Obraztsov, 1953 on Leucanthemum parasite The larvae initially live as bark miners, later they bore in the pith of the stems. host plants Asteraceae, monophagous Leucanthemum halleri. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Schmid. references Schmid (2019a).

Dichrorampha thomanni Huemer, 1991 on Achillea parasite The larvae bore in the stems. host plants Asteraceae, monophagous Achillea erba-rotta subsp. moschata, nana. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Schmid. references Schmid (2019a).

Dichrorampha chavanneana (de la Harpe, 1858) on Leucanthemopsis parasite The larvae bore in the stems,, causing their death. [:Asteraceae] waardplanten Asteraceae, monofaag host plants Asteraceae, monophagous Leucanthemopsis alpina. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Schmid. references Schmid (2019a) .

Ripersiella halophila (Hardy, 1868) parasite Scales at the roots. host plants polyphagous Erica carnea. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references O’Connor, Gertsson & Malumphy (2013a), ScaleNet (2023).

Balanococcus diminutus (Leonardi, 1918) phormium mealybug on Phormium parasite Scales at the base of the leaves, producing lots of honeyfew. host plants Xanthorrhoeaceae, monophagous Phormium tenax. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Malumphy (2010a), O’Connor, Gertsson & Malumphy (2013a), ScaleNet (2023).

Arctorthezia cataphracta (Olafsen, 1772) alpine ensign scale parasite Scales at plant roots. host plants polyphagous Vaccinium. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Hellrigl (2004a), Karle-Fendt (2010a), Kozár, Guignard, Bachmann ao (1994a), ScaleNet (2023), O’Connor, Gertsson & Malumphy (2013a).

Saissetia neglecta de Lotto, 1969 caribbean black scale parasite Scales on the leaves and shoots. host plants polyphagous Ficus benjamina. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references O’Connor, Gertsson & Malumphy (2013a), ScaleNet (2023).

Dichrorampha harpeana Frey, 1870 on Leucanthemopsis parasite Larvae bore in the roots. host plants Asteraceae, monophagous Leucanthemopsis & alpina subsp. minima. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Schmid. references Schmid (2019a).

Dichrorampha rejectana de la Harpe, 1855 on Achillea parasite Larvae bore in the roots. host plants Asteraceae, monophagous Achillea macrophylla. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Schmid. references Schmid (2019a).

Cydia vallesiaca (Sauter, 1968) on Ononis parasite Larvae in the pods; pupation in the litter. host plants Fabaceae, monophagous Ononis natrix, rotundifolia. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Schmid. references Schmid (2019a).

Grapholita aureolana Tengström, 1848 on Oxytropis, etc. parasite Larvae in the pods. host plants Fabaceae, oligophagous Astragalus frigidus; Oxytropis campestris. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Schmid. references Lepiforum (2023), Schmid (2019a).

Parlatoria parlatoriae (Sulc, 1895) on conifers parasite Scales. host plants narrowly polyphagous Abies nebrodensis, nordmanniana subsp. equi-trojani; Cedrus; Picea abies; Pinus; Tsuga. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). synonyms Syngenaspis parlatoriae. references Akkuzu, Arslangündoğdu & Selmi (2006a), Hellrigl (2004a), Koteja & Żak-Ogaza (1966a), Mazzeo, Nucifora, Russo ao (2016a), ScaleNet (2023), Trencheva, Trenchev, Tomov, ao (2012a) , […]

Tingis seidenstueckeri Péricart, 1981 on Phlomis parasite Bugs freely on the leaves. host plants Lamiaceae, monophagous Phlomis. distribution within Europe Turkey. references Maral, Ulusoy, Bolu & Guilbert (2013a).

Miarus stoeckleini Franz, 1947 on Asyneuma host plants Campanulaceae, monophagous Asyneuma limonifolium. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Caldara (2007a), Winkelmann & Bahr (2017a).

Eucosma culmana (Müller-Rutz, 1932) on Hypochaeris parasite Larvae communally in fading flower heads, feeding on the fruitlets. host plants Asteraceae, monophagous Hypochaeris uniflora. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Schmid. references Schmid (2019a).

Calameuta haemorrhoidalis (Fabricius, 1781) on grasses parasite The larvae bore in the culm. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Hordeum; Secale cereale; Triticum. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Gyurkovics & Haris (2012a), Liston, Jacobs & Prous (2015a), Schedl (2004a).

Poaspis jahandiezi (Balachowsky, 1932) on Phragmites parasite Scales. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Phragmites australis. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references ScaleNet (2023), Trencheva, Trenchev, Tomov, ao (2012a).

Neomargarodes festucae Archangelskaya, 1935 on grasses parasite Scales at the roots. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Festuca ovina. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Goux (1935a), ScaleNet (2023).

Contigaspis farsetiae (Hall 1926) parasite Scales. host plants polyphagous Globularia alypum. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). synonyms Lepidosaphes farsetiae. references Goux (1935a).

Misericoccus imperatae (Hall, 1923) on grasses parasite Scales inside the leaf sheaths. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Cynodon dactylon; Imperata cylindrica. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). synonyms Ripersia imperatae. references Goux (1935a).

Parafairmairia gracilis Green, 1916 on Carex parasite Scales on the leaves. host plants Cyperaceae, monophagous Carex. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Hellrigl (2004a), Kozár, Guignard, Bachmann ao (1994a), Kozár & Ostafichuk (1987a), ScaleNet (2023), Seljak (2010a).

Parafairmairia bipartita (Signoret, 1874) two-humped soft scale parasite Scale. host plants polyphagous Brachypodium sylvaticum; Equisetum palustre; Festuca valesiaca subsp. parviflora; Juncus; Scirpus. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Gomez-Menor Ortega (1948a, 1960a), ScaleNet (2023), Trencheva, Trenchev, Tomov, ao (2012a), Żak-Ogaza & Koteja (1964a).

Lecanopsis subterranea (Gomez-Menor Ortega, 1948) on grasses parasite Scales at the roots. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Elytrigia repens; Festuca; Lolium perenne; Poa. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). synonyms Filippia subterranea; Lecanopsis festucae Borchsenius, 1952. references Gomez-Menor Ortega (1948a), Kozár, Guignard, Bachmann ao (1994a), Kozár & Ostafichuk (1987a), ScaleNet (2023), Trencheva, Trenchev, Tomov, ao (2012a).

Asterodiaspis roboris (Russell, 1941) on Quercus parasite Scles. host plants Fagaceae, monophagous Quercus pubescens. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references ScaleNet (2023), Trencheva, Trenchev, Tomov, ao (2012a).

Phiaris schulziana (Fabricius, 1776) large marble on dwarf shrubs parasite Larvae in a silken tube. host plants Ericaceae, oligophagous Calluna vulgaris; Empetrum nigrum; Loiseleuria procumbens; Vaccinium oxycoccos, uliginosum. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). synonyms Olethreutes schulziana. references Hancock & Bland (2015b), Šumpich (2011a), Ylla, Macià & Requena (2009a).

Phiaris scoriana (Guenée, 1845) parasite Larvae in a silken tube. host plants polyphagous Galium; Saxifraga oppositifolia. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Schmid. references Schmid (2019a)

Hendersonia sabaleos Cesati, 1882 on Chamaerops parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia brown, 4-5 x 10-16 µm, 3-septate. host plants Arecaceae, monophagous Chamaerops humilis. synonyms Sclerostagonospora sabaleos (Cesati) Gallego & Pedreño, 1985. references Gallego, Pedreño & Honrubia (1986a).

Diplodia passeriniana von Thümen, 1876 on Chamaerops parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia brown, elliptic, 4-5 x 7-9 µm, 1-septate. host plants Arecaceae, monophagous Chamaerops humilis. synonyms Pseudodiplodia passeriniana (von Thümen) Gallego & Pedreño, 1986. references Gallego, Pedreño & Honrubia (1986a).

Pseudodiplodia oleaginea (Saccardo) Gallego & Pedreño, 1986 on Olea parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia brown, 3-5 x 8-16 µm, 1-septate. host plants Oleaceae, monophagous Olea europaea. references Gallego, Pedreño & Honrubia (1986a).

Colletotrichum adustum (Ellis & Martin) Ellis, 1891 on Ctris parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia hyaline, cylindrical, 4-7 x 11-18 µm. host plants Rutaceae, monophagous Citrus limon. synonyms Phyllosticta adusta Ellis & Martin, 1886. references Gallego, Pedreño & Honrubia (1986a.

Volvicoccus volvifer (Goux, 1945) needlegrass mealybug on grassen parasite Scales inside the leaf sheats. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Aegilops; Festuca ovina; Koeleria glauca; Stipa capillata, lessingiana, pennata, pulcherrima; Taeniatherum caput-medusae subsp. asperum. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). synonyms Volvicoccus stipae (Borchsenius, 1949). references Fetykó (2014a), Kaydan, Kozár & Erkılıç (2014a), ScaleNet (2023), Trencheva, Trenchev, Tomov, […]

Spilococcus halli (McKenzie & Williams, 1965) viktorin mealybug, imperata mealybug on grasses parasite Scales at the bases of the stems, inside the leaf sheaths. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Chrysopogon gryllus; Cynodon dactylon; Piptatherum miliaceum. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). synonyms Chorizococcus viktorina Kozár, 1983. references Kozár, Paloukis & Papadopoulos (1991a), Pellizzari, Porcelli, Seljak & Kozár […]

Aterpia anderreggana Guenée, 1845 on polster plants parasite Larvae hidden in the polsters. host plants polyphagous Androsace alpina; Leucanthemopsis alpina. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Schmid. synonyms Olethreutes spuriana (Herrich-Schäffer, 1851). references Disqué (1905a), Schmid (2019a).

Geotomus longicornis Wagner, 1953 on Suaeda parasite Bugs at the roots. host plants Amaranthaceae, monophagous Suaeda vera. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Ribes & Sauleda (1979a).

Geotomus elongatus (Herrich-Schäffer, 1840) parasite Bugs at the roots. host plants polyphagous Dorycnium; Galium dumosum; Onobrychis; Populus; Quercus; Sinapis. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Aukema & Lommen (2023a), Lodos, Önder, Pehlivan, ao (1998a).

Chroantha ornatula (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1842) on halophytes host plants polyphagous Salsola kali; Suaeda; Zygophyllum. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Aukema & de Jong (2023a), Carapezza (1995a).

Pseudococcus maritimus (Ehrbom, 1900) parasite Scales on the leaves. Body fluid orange-red. host plants polyphagous Catalpa; Dracaena; Ficus; Magnolia; Morusl Nerium oleander; Passiflora; Solanum tuberosum. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Daane, Almeida, Bell ak (2012a), Łagowska, Golan, Kot ao (2015a), ScaleNet (2023), Trencheva, Trenchev, Tomov, ao (2012a).

Peliococcus marrubii (Kiritchenko, 1935) on Thymus, etc. parasite Scales at the roots and lower parts. host plants polyphagous bassia prostrata; Thymus pulegioides, serpyllum. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). synonyms Spinococcus marrubii. references Kozár, Guignard, Bachmann ao (1994a), ScaleNet (2023), Trencheva, Trenchev, Tomov, ao (2012a.

Heliococcus destructor Borchsenius, 1941 parasite Scales at the base of the stem. host plants polyphagous Silene. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references m Gavrilov (2010a), ScaleNet (2023), Trencheva, Trenchev, Tomov, ao (2012a).

Atrococcus paludinus (Green, 1921) marsh mealybug parasite Scales at the lower aboveground parts of the plant. host plants polyphagous Rubus idaeus; Trifolium. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Gavrilov (2010a), Hellrigl (2004a), Jansen (1999b), ScaleNet (2023), Trencheva, Trenchev, Tomov, ao (2012a).

Newsteadia floccosa (De Geer, 1778) boreal ensign scale parasite Scales at the roots. host plants polyphagous Carpinus; Fagus; Fragaria vesca. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Gertsson (2016a), Hellrigl (2004a), Jansen (1999b), Malumphy (2010a), ScaleNet (2023), Trencheva, Trenchev, Tomov, ao (2012a).

Phenacoccus querculus (Borchsenius, 1949) on Quercus parasite Scales on the branches. host plants Fagaceae, monophagous Quercus. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references ScaleNet (2023), Ülgentürk & Dokuyucu (2019a).

Nipaecoccus delassusi (Balachowsky, 1926) on Erica parasite Scales on the twigs. host plants Ericaceae, monophagous Erica arborea, australis, tetralix. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). synonyms Nipaecoccus delussusi. references ScaleNet (2023), Ülgentürk & Dokuyucu (2019a).

Nipaecoccus filamentosus (Cockerell, 1893) on Robinia parasite Scale. host plants Fabaceae, monophagous Robinia pseudoacacia. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references ScaleNet (2023), Ülgentürk & Dokuyucu (2019a).

Kermes safinazae Özkok, 1941 on Quercus host plants Fagaceae, monophagous Quercus cerris. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Pellizzari, Porcelli, Convertini & Marotta (2012a), ScaleNet (2023), Ülgentürk & Dokuyucu (2019a).

Kermes muhlisi Bodenheimer, 1941 on Quercus host plants Fagaceae, monophagous Quercus. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Pellizzari, Porcelli, Convertini & Marotta (2012a), ScaleNet (2023), Ülgentürk & Dokuyucu (2019a).

Kermes hermonensis Spodek & Ben-Dov, 2014 on Quercus host plants Fagaceae, monophagous Quercus infectoria, ithaburensis. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references ScaleNet (2023), Ülgentürk & Dokuyucu (2019a).

Kermes bekiri Bodenheimer, 1953 on Quercus host plants Fagaceae, monophagous Quercus “aegilops”. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references ScaleNet (2023), Ülgentürk & Dokuyucu (2019a).

Kermes bacciformis Leonardi, 1908 on Quercus host plants Fagaceae, monophagous Quercus cerris, coccifera, pubescens, suber. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Pellizzari, Porcelli, Convertini & Marotta (2012a), ScaleNet (2023), Ülgentürk & Dokuyucu (2019a).

Salicicola kermanensis (Lindinger, 1905) on broadleaved trees parasite Scales. host plants polyphagous Populus nigra; Quercus. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Japoshvili & Karaca (2002a), ScaleNet (2023), Ülgentürk & Dokuyucu (2019a).

Suturapsis archangelskyae (Lindinger, 1929) on broadleaved trees parasite Scales. host plants polyphagous Crataegus monogyna, orientalis, rhipidophylla; Fraxinus excelsior. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). synonyms Salicicola archangelskyae. references ScaleNet (2023), Ülgentürk & Dokuyucu (2019a).

Lepidosaphes granati Koroneos, 1934 on broadleaved trees host plants polyphagous Platanus orientalis; Punica granatum; Quercus; Ulmus glabra. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references ScaleNet (2023), Trencheva, Trenchev, Tomov, ao (2012a), Ülgentürk & Dokuyucu (2019a).

Diaspidiotus marani (Zahradnik, 1952) on broadleaved trees host plants polyphagous Caragana arborescens; Chaenomeles speciosa; Crataegus monogyna; Cydonia oblonga; Fraxinus excelsior; Malus domestica, sylvestris; Platanus orientalis; Prunus avium, cerasifera, domestica, persica, spinosa; Pyrus communis; Sorbus; Ulmus americana. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). synonyms Quadraspidiotus marani. references Dziedzicka (1988a), Hellrigl (2004a), Jansen (1999b), Kozár, Guignard, Bachmann ao […]

Diaspidiotus kaussarii Balachowsky, 1950 on broadleaved trees host plants polyphagous Fraxinus; Malus sylvestris; Platanus orientalis. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references ScaleNet (2023), Ülgentürk & Dokuyucu (2019a).

Diaspidiotus caucasicus (Borchsenius, 1935) on broadleaved trees host plants polyphagous Populus nigra; Quercus; Salix. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references ScaleNet (2023), Ülgentürk & Dokuyucu (2019a).

Diaspidiotus armenicus (Borchsenius, 1935) on broadleaved trees parasite Scales on the bark. host plants polyphagous Populus alba, nigra; Salix; Ulmus. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references ScaleNet (2023), Ülgentürk & Dokuyucu (2019a).

Pulvinaria terrestris Borchsenius, 1953 on broadleaved trees parasite Scales at the roots. host plants polyphagous Crataegus. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references ScaleNet (2023), Ülgentürk & Dokuyucu (2019a).

Parthenolecanium tamaricis (Bodenheimer, 1953) on Tamarix host plants Tamaricaceae, monophagous Tamarix ramosissima. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references ScaleNet (2023), Ülgentürk & Dokuyucu (2019a).

Neopulvinaria innumerabilis (Rathvon, 1854) cottony maple scale on broadleaved trees parasite Scales at the branches. host plants polyphagous Acer negundo; Catalpa bignonioides; Crataegus monogyna; Diospyros kaki; Gleditsia triacanthos; Juglans regia; Morus alba; Parthenocissus quinquefolia; Quercus; Robinia pseudoacacia; Spiraea; Tilia; Vitis vinifera. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). synonyms Pulvinaria innumerabilis. references Gill (1988a), Masten Milek, Ivezić […]

Eulecanium cerasorum (Cockerell, 1900) on Quercus host plants Fagaceae, monophagous Quercus robur. distribution within Europe Turkey. references ScaleNet (2023), Ülgentürk & Dokuyucu (2019a).

organ parasitic mode stage note taxonomic group parasite leaf hidden Choreutidae Prochoreutis holotoxa

Prochoreutis holotoxa (Meyrick, 1903) on Pedicularis parasite Larvae among spun leaves. host plants Orobanchaceae, monophagous Pedicularis ascensens, rostratospicata, tuberosa, verticillata. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum, Schmid. references Lepiforum (2023), Schmid (2019a), Sonderegger (2011a).

Epermenia scurella (Stainton, 1851) on Thesium parasite Larvae in a communal web at the foot of the plant. host plants Santalaceae, monophagous Thesium alpinum. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Schmid. references Schmid (2019a).

Asterodiaspis hadzibeyliae Borchsenius, 1960 on Quercus host plants Fagaceae, monophagous Quercus. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references ScaleNet (2023), Ülgentürk & Dokuyucu (2019a).

Asterodiaspis bella (Russel, 1941) on Quercus host plants Fagaceae, monophagous Quercus pubescens, robur. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references ScaleNet (2023), Trencheva, Gounari, Trenchev & Kapaxidi (2009a), Trencheva, Trenchev, Tomov, ao (2012a), Ülgentürk & Dokuyucu (2019a).

Neoacanthococcus atlihani Kaydan & Kozár, 2010 on Tamarix host plants Campanulaceae, monophagous oligophagous polyphagous Tamarix. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Ülgentürk & Dokuyucu (2019a).

Acanthococcus salicis (Borchsenius, 1938) on Salix host plants Salicaceae, monophagous Salix alba. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Ülgentürk & Dokuyucu (2019a).

Leucaspis knemion Hoke, 1925 on Pinus host plants Pinaceae, monophagous Pinus brutia, canariensis, halepensis, nigra, pinea. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Akkuzu, Arslangündoğdu & Selmi (2006a), Şi̇şman & Ülgentürk (2010a), Ülgentürk, Çanakçioğlu & Kaygin (2004a), Ülgentürk & Dokuyucu (2019a), Ülgentürk, Evren, Ayhan ao (2012a).

Poaspis intermedia (Goux, 1939) host plants polyphagous Dactylis glomerata; Juniperus; Pinus brutia. Primarily a species of grasses. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Ülgentürk & Dokuyucu (2019a), Ülgentürk, Evren, Ayhan ao (2012a).

Eulecanium sericeum (Lindinger, 1906) on Abies host plants Pinaceae, monophagous Abies alba, cephalonica, cilicia, grandis, nordmanniana subsp. equi-trojani, pinsapo. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). synonyms Lecanium sericeum. references Gertsson (2016a), Hellrigl (2004a), Ülgentürk & Dokuyucu (2019a), Mazzeo, Nucifora, Russo ao (2016a), Trencheva, Trenchev, Tomov, ao (2012a), Żak-Ogaza & Koteja (1964a).

Nemolecanium abietis Borchsenius, 1955 on Abies host plants Pinaceae, monophagous Abies nordmanniana & subsp. equi-trojani. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Ülgentürk & Dokuyucu (2019a), Ülgentürk, Özdemir, Muştu, ao (2019a).

Coccus pseudomagnoliarum (Kuwana, 1914) host plants polyphagous Citrus trifoliata; Pinus sylvestris; Zanthoxylum bungeanum. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Akkuzu, Arslangündoğdu & Selmi (2006a), Seljak (2008a, 2010a), Şi̇şman & Ülgentürk (2010a), Ülgentürk, Çanakçioğlu & Kaygin (2004a), Ülgentürk & Dokuyucu (2019a).

Colias caucasica Staudinger, 1871 Balkan clouded yellow on Cytisus parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants Fabaceae, monophagous Cytisus ciliatus, eriocarpus, hirsutus. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum. references Abadjiev (1994a), Franeta & Đurić (2011a), Lepiforum (2023), Nahirnić, Jakšić & Viborg (2015a), Tvrtković, Mihoci & Šašić (2011a).

Sattleria basistrigella Huemer, 1997 parasite Larva in a silken tube among the plants. host plants polyphagous Saxifraga oppositifolia; Silene acaulis. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum, Pyrgus. synonyms Sattleria triglavica basistrigella. references Baldizzone (2008a), Huemer & Hebert (2011a), Schmid (2019a).

Phaulernis rebeliella Gaedike, 1966 on Laser, ? etc. parasite Larvae freely in the inflorescence. host plants Apiaceae, ? oligophagous Laser trilobum. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Wieser (2008b).

Athrips amoenella (Frey, 1882) on Vicia host plants Fabaceae, monophagous ? Vicia cracca. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Baldizzone, Varalda & Donato (2010a), Bidzilya (2005a), Wieser (2008b).

Sattleria melaleucella (Constant, 1865) parasite Larvae in silken tubes among the plant. host plants polyphagous Cerastium uniflorum; Herniaria alpina; Saxifraga oppositifolia; Silene acaulis. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Schmid. references Schmid (2019a).

Tila capsophilella (Chrétien, 1900) on Gypsophila parasite Larvae among spun leaves. host plants Caryophyllaceae, monophagous Gypsophila fastigiata, repens. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum, Schmid. synonyms Lita capsophilella. references Huemer (1998b), Lepiforum (2023), Schmid (2019a).

Brachmia inornatella (Douglas, 1850) fen crest on Phragmites parasite Larvae probably live as stem borers; pupation in the stem. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Phragmites australis. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Bland, Corley, Emmet ao (2002a), Huemer & Wieser (2003a), Huisman & Koster (1999a), Parsons (1995a), Timossi (2012a), Triberti, Longo Turri, Adami & Zanetti (2017a).

Gelechia turpella (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) grand groundling on Populus parasite Larvae in a leaf, spun into a pod. host plants Salicaceae, monophagous Populus balsamifera, carolinensis, laurifolia, nigra. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum. references Bland, Corley, Emmet ao (2002a), Kaitila (1996a), Lepiforum (2023), Parsons (1995a).

Xystophora pulveratella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1854) on Lotus, etc. parasite Larvae among spun leaves. host plants Fabaceae, oligophagous Lotus corniculatus, tenuis; Medicago; Securigera varia; Trifolium pratense. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Bland, Corley, Emmet ao (2002a), Kaitila 1996a), Parsons (1995a).

Xyphosia laticauda (Meigen, 1826) on Cyanus parasite Larvae in the capitula. host plants Asteraceae, monophagous Cyanus montanus. distribution within Europe PESI (2022). references Mazzon, Whitmore, Cerretti & Korneyev (2021a).

Teleiopsis paulheberti Huemer & Mutanen, 2012 on Rumex parasite Larvae in silken tubes among the lower parts of the plant. host plants Polygonaceae, monophagous Rumex scutatus. distribution within Europe PESI (2022). synonyms Teleiopsis albifemorella auct. (Iberia, Italy, …). references Huemer & Mutanen (2012a), Requena (2009a).

Teleiopsis albifemorella (Hofmann, 1867) on Rumex parasite Larvae in silken tubes among the lower parts of the plant. host plants Polygonaceae, monophagous Rumex scutatus. distribution within Europe PESI (2022). references Huemer & Mutanen (2012a).

Merodon aberrans Egger, 1860 on Leopoldia parasite Larvae in the underground parts. host plants Asparagaceae, monophagous Leopoldia comosa. Laboratory conditions! distribution within Europe PESI (2022). references Vujić, Radenković, Tubić, ao (2022a).

Epimecia ustula (Freyer, 1835) on Scabiosa, etc. host plants Caprifoliaceae, oligophagous Cephalaria leucantha; Scabiosa. distribution within Europe PESI (2022). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum. references Huemer & Massaro (2021a), Lepiforum (2023), Peslier (2000a).

Xestia alpicola (Zetterstedt, 1839) northern dart on Empetrum, etc. host plants Ericaceae, oligophagous Arctostaphylos; Calluna; Empetrum nigrum. distribution within Europe PESI (2022). references Kaaber (1996a), Wiesmair (2015a).

Colostygia turbata (Hübner, 1799) on Galium parasite Larvae freely on the leaves. host plants Rubiaceae, monophagous Galium. distribution within Europe PESI (2022). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum. references Lepiforum (2023), Wiesmair (2015a).

Erebia pronoe (Esper, 1780) water ringlet on “grasses” parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants polyphagous Festuca ovina, “quadrifolia”; Poa. distribution within Europe PESI (2022). egg, larva, pupa see Pyrgus. references Dupont, Luquet, Demerges & Drouet (2013a), pyrgus.de (2023), Wiesmair (2015a).

Euphyia mesembrina (Rebel, 1927) on Silene parasite Larvae freely on the leaves. host plants Caryophyllaceae, monophagous Silene saxifraga. distribution within Europe PESI (2022). egg, larva, pupa see Deutsch, Lepiforum. references Deutsch (1993a), Glerean, Deutsch, Morandini, ao (2022a), Huemer (2007a), Lepiforum (2023).

Teleiopsis laetitiae Schmid, 2011 on Rumex parasite Larvae in a communal web at the base of the plant. host plants Polygonaceae, monophagous Rumex scutatus. phenology Hibernation as larva. distribution within Europe PESI (2022). egg, larva, pupa see Schmid (2019a). references Schmid (2011b, 2019a).

Exoteleia succinctella (Zeller, 1872) on Pinus parasite Larva and pupa in a leaf bud, that is completely emptied. host plants Pinaceae, monophagous Pinus mugo. phenology Hibernation as fully grown larva. distribution within Europe PESI (2022). egg, larva, pupa see Schmid (2019a). references Schmid (2019a), Wieser & Huemer (1997a).

Monochroa scutatella (Müller-Rutz, 1920) on Rumex parasite Larva and pupa in a gallery in the rhizome. host plants Polygonaceae, monophagous Rumex scutatus. phenology Hibernation as full-grown larva. distribution within Europe PESI (2022). egg, larva, pupa see Schmid. references Schmid (2019a).

Scythris lhommei Bengtsson & Passerin d’Entrèves, 1988. host plants polyphagous Convolvulusv; Helianthemum. distribution within Europe PESI (2022). references Fournier (2017a).

Scythris speyeri (Heinemann & Wocke, 1876) parasite Larve in a silken tube among the shoots. host plants polyphagous Helianthemum; Lotus; Potentilla aurea; Silene acaulis. distribution within Europe PESI (2022). egg, larva, pupa see Schmid. references Baldizzone (2008a), Fournier (2017a), Schmid (2019a).

Scythris amphonycella (Geyer, 1836) on Helianthemum host plants polyphagous Helianthemum nummularium; Lotus. distribution within Europe PESI (2022). egg, larva, pupa see Schmid. references Schmid (2019a), Wieser (2005b).

Helcystogramma convolvuli Walsingham, 1908) sweet potato moth, black leaffolder on Ipomoea parasite Larvae among spun leaves. host plants Convolvulaceae, monophagous Ipomoea batatas, cairica. distribution within Europe PESI (2022). larva see Lepiforum, Malumphy. synonyms Brachmia convolvuli. references Klimesch (1984a) Lepiforum (2023), Malumphy (2012c).

Anarsia acaciae Walsingham, 1896 on Acacia parasite Larve in the leaflets, spun into a pad. host plants Fabaceae, monophagous Acacia farnesiana, tortilis subsp. raddiana. distribution within Europe PESI (2022). references Klimesch (1984a), Lepiforum (2023).

Stomopteryx schizogynae (Walsingham, 1908) on Schizogyne parasite Larvae in, undescribed, stem galls. host plants Asteraceae, monophagous Schizogyne sericea. distribution within Europe PESI (2022). references Klimesch (1984a), Lepiforum (2023).

Ptocheuusa guimarensis (Walsingham, 1908) on Laphangium host plants Asteraceae, monophagous ? Laphangium luteoalbum. distribution within Europe PESI (2022). references Klimesch (1984a).

Metzneria castiliella (Möschler, 1866) on Atractylis parasite Larvae and pupae in the capitula. host plants Asteraceae, monophagous Atractylis cancellata. distribution within Europe PESI (2022). references Klimesch (1984a).

Metzneria tristella Rebel, 1901 on Cheirolophus parasite Larvae and pupae in the capitula. host plants Asteraceae, monophagous ? Cheirolophus sempervirens. distribution within Europe Spain. references Huemer (2021a).

Metzneria neli Huemer, 2021 on Cheirolophus parasite Larvae and pupae in the capitula. host plants Asteraceae, monophagous Cheirolophus intybaceus. distribution within Europe Spain. references Huemer (2021a).

Metzneria leae Gastón & Huemer, 2022 on Klasea host plants Asteraceae, monophagous Klasea baetica. probably! distribution within Europe Spain. references Gastón & Huemer (2022a).

Athrips aquila Junnilainen, 2010 on Spiraea host plants Rosaceae, monophagous Spiraea crenata. distribution within Europe PESI (2022). references Kovács & Kovács (2022a).

Metzneria diffusella Englbert, 1974 on Centaurea host plants Asteraceae, monophagous Centaurea diffusa, paniculata. distribution within Europe PESI (2022). references Kovács & Kovács (2022a).

Altenia perspersella (Wocke, 1862) on Empetrum parasite Larvae in a silken tube between the shoota. host plants Ericaceae, monophagous Empetrum nigrum. distribution within Europe PESI (2022). references Kaitila (1996a).

Coleophora tractella Zeller, 1849 on Silene parasite The larve mines the leaves and flowers from a slender, erect, tubular silken case. host plants Caryophyllaceae, monophagous Silene acaulis. distribution within Europe PESI (2022). synonyms Coleophora soraida Hering, 1942. references Baldizzone (1985e, 1987b, 1988b), Baldizzone, van de Wolf & Landry (2006a), Hering (1942c), Schmid (2019a).

Pseudophilotes panoptes (Hübner, 1813) panoptes blue on Thymus, etc. parasite Oviposition in the inflorescence. Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants Lamiaceae, oligophagous Satureja montana; Thymus vulgaris. distribution within Europe PESI (2022). egg, larva, pupa see Obregón-Romero & Gil-T, Pyrgus. synonyms Scolitantides panoptes. references Dobado & Díaz (2015a), Lafranchis (2020b), Obregón, Arenas-Castro, Gil-T, ao (2014a), […]

Caryocolum delphinatella (Constant, 1890) host plants Caryophyllaceae, oligophagous Minuartia; Silene. distribution within Europe PESI (2022). references Huemer (1991a).

Titanio tarraconensis Leraut & Luquet, 1982 on Convolvulus parasite Larva solitary in an frass-covered silken tube attached to a radical leaf, that is mined out from the tube. Pupapation external. host plants Convolvulaceae, monophagous Convolvulus ? arvensis, cantabrica. distribution within Europe PESI (2022). references Marabuto (2022a), Nel (2003d).

Caryocolum leucothoracellum (Klimesch, 1953) on Dianthus parasite Larvae in the hearth of the leaf rosettes. host plants Caryophyllaceae, monophagous Dianthus sylvestris. distribution within Europe PESI (2022). larva see Nel. synonyms Gnorimoschema leucothoracellum. references Burmann (1990a), Huemer (2012a), Klimesch (1953b), Nel (2003d).

Loxostege fascialis (Hübner, 1796) on Apiaceae parasite Larvae in a communal web among the leaves. host plants Apiaceae, oligophagous

Carpatolechia alburnella (Zeller, 1839) suffused groundling on Betula parasite Larvae among young leaves, spun together. host plants Betulaceae, monophagous Betula pendula. distribution within Europe PESI (2022). synonyms Teleiodes alburnellus. references Bland, Corley, Emmet ao (2002a), Huemer (2012a), Kaitila (1996a), Kovács & Kovács (2022a), Lepiforum (2023).

Depressaria gallicella Chrétien, 1908 on Siler parasite Larvae in the spun inflorescence. host plants Apiaceae, monophagous Siler montanum. phenology Hibernation as imago. distribution within Europe PESI (2022). egg, larva, pupa see Schmid. references Schmid (2019a).

Paracossulus thrips (Hübner, 1818) on Phlomis parasite Larvae in the rhizomes. host plants Lamiaceae, monophagous Phlomis tuberosa. Reports that the larvae would live on the roots of Artemisia-species are unlikely. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Iacob ao. references Beshkov & Nahirnić-Beshkova (2022a), Iacob, Craioveanu, Hula, ao (2021a), Lepiforum (2023).

Selidosema plumaria (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants polyphagous Artemisia; Calluna. but mainly Fabaceae. phenology Hibernation as larva? distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum, Patočka, Pyrgus. references Lepiforum (2023), Patočka (2004a), pyrgus.de (2023).

Chondrosoma fiduciaria Anker, 1854 on Euphorbia parasite Larvae freely on the leaves. host plants Euphorbiaceae, monophagous Euphorbia cyparissias. phenology Hibernation as egg. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum, Patočka. references Kitt (1926a), Lepiforum (2023), Patočka (2004a).

Lignyoptera fumidaria (Hübner, 1825) on herbs host plants polyphagous Achillea millefolium; Galatella linosyris. see Kasy. phenology Hibernation as egg. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). pupa see Hirschke, Patočka. references Hirschke (100a), Kasy (1990a), Lepiforum (2023), Manci, Sitar & Rákosy (2015a), Patočka (2004a).

Lixus davidiani Gülteki̇n & Korotyaev, 2012 on Lythrum parasite Larvae are stem borers. host plants Lythraceae, monophagous Lythrum salicaria. distribution within Europe Turkey. references Gülteki̇n & Korotyaev (2012c).

Centorisoma elegantulum Becker, 1910 on Elytrigia parasite Larvae in the culms. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Elytrigia repens. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Wendt (2019a).

Thrips praetermissus Priesner, 1920 on Scabiosa host plants Caprifoliaceae, monophagous Scabiosa ochroleuca. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Kucharczyk (2010a).

Thrips mancosetosus Priesner, 1964 on Cirsium parasite Thrips in the inflorescence. host plants Asteraceae, monophagous Cirsium oleraceum. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Kucharczyk (2010a).

Thrips euphorbiae Knechtel, 1923 on Euphorbia parasite Thrips in the inflorescences. host plants Euphorbiaceae, monophagous Euphorbia cyparissias. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Kucharczyk (2010a).

Thrips conferticornis (Priesner, 1922) on Pimpinella, etc. parasite Thrips in the infloresence. host plants Apiaceae, oligophagous Pimpinella saxifraga. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Kucharczyk (2010a).

Melitaea pseudornata Muñoz Sariot & Sánchez Mesa, 2019 on thistles parasite Larvae freely on the leaves. host plants Asteraceae, monophagous Carduus nutans subsp. granatensis; Carthamus hispanicus; Cirsium acaulon subsp. gregarium, arvense, pyrenaicum, vulgare; Onopordum acanthium, illyricum. distribution within Europe Spain. egg, larva, pupa see Hinojosa ao. references Hinojosa, Tóth, Monasterio, ao (2022a).

Didesmococcus unifasciatus (Archangelskaya, 1923) on broadleaved trees host plants polyphagous Ficus carica; Malus domestica; Prunus dulcis, persica, prostrata, tenella; Ulmus. distribution within Europe Turkey. references Bolu (2012a), Lotfalizadeh & Gharali (2008a), Tavakkoli Korghond & Lotfalizadeh (2018a).

Lampronia aeripennella (Rebel, 1889) on Pyrus (?) parasite Larvae are possibly bark borers. host plants Rosaceae, monophagous ? Pyrus communis. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Klimesch (1950d), Lepiforum (2023).

Pterophorus ischnodactyla (Treitschke, 1835) on Convolvulus parasite Larvae freely on the leaves. host plants Convolvulaceae, monophagous Convolvulus cantabrica. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum, Nel. references Gielis (1996a), Lepiforum (2023), Nel (1996a).

Wheeleria obsoletus (Zeller, 1841) on Marrubium, etc. parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants Lamiaceae, oligophagous Marrubium peregrinum; Phlomis cretica. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum. synonyms Merrifieldia obsoleta. references Albu (2009a), Gielis (i986a), Lepiforum (2023), Nel (1996a).

Merrifieldia menthae (Chrétien, 1925) on Mentha host plants Lamiaceae, monophagous Mentha longifolia, x rotundifolia. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). synonyms see Lepiforum about the possible synonymy with Merrifieldia tridactyla. references Lepiforum (2023), Nel (1991a, 1996a).

Agdistis delicatulella Chrétien, 1917 on Limonium ? etc. host plants ? polyphagous Limonium delicatulum. Also Halimione portulacoides (Nel) and perhaps Limbarda crithmoides (Bella.) distribution within Europe PESI (2023). synonyms ? Agdistis melitensis Amsel, 1954. references Bella (2007a), Gielis (1996a), Lepiforum (2023), Nel (1996a).

Mohelnaspis massiliensis (Goux, 1937) on grasses host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Vulpia bromoides. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Kozár, Paloukis & Papadopoulos (1991a), ScaleNet (2023).

Dynaspidiotus greeni Balachowski, 1951 on Osyris host plants Santalaceae, monophagous Osyris alba. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Kozár, Paloukis & Papadopoulos (1991a), ScaleNet (2023).

Diaspidiotus osborni (Cockerell, 1899) Osborn scale on broadleaved trees parasite Scales at the branches. host plants polyphagous Corylus avellana; Gleditsia triacanthos; Platanus orientalis; Salix. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Kozár, Guignard, Bachmann ao (1994a), Kozár, Paloukis & Papadopoulos (1991a), ScaleNet (2023), Trencheva, Trenchev, Tomov, ao (2012a), Ülgentürk & Dokuyucu (2019a).

Aonidiella citrina (Coquilett, 1891) yellow scale host plants polyphagous Citrus reticulata; Laurus. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Kozár, Paloukis & Papadopoulos (1991a), ScaleNet (2023), Şi̇şman & Ülgentürk (2010a).

Diaspidiotus maroccanus (Balachowski, 1949) on Cupressus parasite Scales at the branches. host plants Cupressaceae, monophagous Cupressaceae. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). synonyms Aonidia maroccana. references Kozár, Paloukis & Papadopoulos (1991a) .

Acanthomytilus intermittens (Hall, 1924) on grasses parasite Scales inside the leaf sheaths. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Cynodon dactylon; Piptatherum miliaceum. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Kozár, Paloukis & Papadopoulos (1991a), Pellizzari, Porcelli, Seljak & Kozár (2011a), ScaleNet (2023).

Acanthomytilus jablonowskii Kozár & Matile-Ferrero, 1983 on Chrysopogon parasite Scales inside the leaf sheaths. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Chrysopogon gryllus. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Fetykó (2014a), Kozár, Paloukis & Papadopoulos (1991a), ScaleNet (2023), Trencheva, Trenchev, Tomov, ao (2012a).

Eriococcus buxi (Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1834) box scale on Buxus parasite Scales on leaves and shoots. host plants Buxaceae, monophagous Buxus sempervirens. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Gómez-Menor Ortega (1965a), Kozár, Guignard, Bachmann ao (1994a), Kozár, Paloukis & Papadopoulos (1991a), ScaleNet (2023).Trencheva, Trenchev, Tomov, ao (2012a), Ülgentürk & Dokuyucu (2019a).

Erimococcus kimmericus (Kiritchenko, 1940) on grasses parasite Scales inside the leaf sheaths. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Cynodon dactylon; Piptatherum miliaceum. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). synonyms Peliococcus kimmericus. references Kozar, Paloukis & Papadopoulos (1991a), ScaleNet (2023).

Mirococcopsis elongata Borchsenius, 1948 elongate mealybug on Hyparrhenia parasite Scales inside the leaf sheaths. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Hyparrhenia hirta. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). synonyms Mirococcopsis elongatus. references Kozár, Paloukis & Papadopoulos (1991a), ScaleNet (2023).

Trionymus orientalis (Danzig & Ivanova, 1976) on Alopecurus parasite Scales in the leaf sheaths. host plants Poaceae, ? monophagous Alopecurus. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). synonyms Balanococcus orientalis. references Kozar, Paloukis & Papadopoulos (1991a), ScaleNet (2023).

Lixus petiolicola Gültekin & Korotyaev, 2011 on Prangos parasite About 15 larvae bore in the petiole; there also the pupation. host plants Apiaceae, monophagous Prangos. distribution within Europe Turkey. references Gultekin & Korotyaev (2011a).

Scrobipalpa griseoflava Bidzilya & Budashkin, 2011 on Halimione host plants Amaranthaceae, monophagous Halimione verrucifera. distribution within Europe Crimea. references Bidzilya & Budashkin (2011a).

Scrobipalpa halimifolia Bidzilya & Budashkin, 2011 on Halimione parasite The larva makes several irregular bloth mines in succession, spinning leaves together; pupation external. host plants Amaranthaceae, monophagous Halimione verrucifera. distribution within Europe Crimea. references Bidzilya & Budashkin (2011a).

Paraswammerdamia lapponica (Petersen, 1932) on Betula parasite Larvae under a dense web on the leaves. host plants Betulaceae, monophagous Betula nana. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Bengtsson & Johansson (2011a).

Scrobipalpa traganella (Chrétien, 1915) on Salsola, etc. parasite Larvae bore in the shoots. host plants Amaranthaceae, oligophagous Bassia muricata; Salsola vermiculata; Traganum nudatum. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Barton (2015a), Corley (2005a), Huemer & Karsholt (2010a).

Scrobipalpa selectella (Caradja, 1920) on Halocnemum, etc. parasite Larvae among spun shoots. host plants Amaranthaceae, oligophagous Halocnemum strobilaceum; Halostachys belangeriana. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Huemer & Karsholt (2010a).

Gnorimoschema bodillum Karsholt & Nielsen, 1974 on Salix, ? etc. parasite Larvae at buds and young shoots overblown by the sand. host plants ? polyphagous Salix repens. Lepiforum moreover mentions Myrica gale. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Huemer & Karsholt (2010a), Lepiforum (2023), Wegner (2010a).

Neofriseria hitadoella Karsholt & Vives Moreno, 2014 on Rumex host plants Polygonaceae, monophagous Rumex acetosa, crispus. distribution within Europe Spain. references Karsholt & Vives Moreno (2014a).

Tecmerium perplexum (Gozmány, 1957) on Rosmarinus host plants Lamiaceae, monophagous ? Rosmarinus officinalis. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Buchner (2019a).

Depressaria nemolella Svensson 1982 on Seseli parasite Larvae in loosely rolled leaves. host plants Apiaceae, monophagous Seseli libanotis. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Buchner (2019a), Svensson (1982a).

Tathorhynchus exsiccata (Lederer, 1855) levant black-neck, alfalfa looper on Fabaceae parasite Larvae freely on the leaves. host plants Fabaceae, oligophagous Indigofera tinctoria; Medicago sativa; Spartium junceum. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum. synonyms Lygephila exsiccata. references Bella, Parenzan & Russo (2009a), Haas, Groenendijk & Smit (2016a), Lepiforum (2023).

Merrifieldia bystropogonis (Staudinger, 1859) on Bystropogon parasite Larvae in the spun inflorescence. host plants Lamiaceae, monophagous Bystropogon canariensis, plumosus. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). synonyms Pterophorus bystropogonis. references Arenberger & Baez (2011a), Gielis (1996a), Klimesch (1993a).

Merrifieldia hedemanni (Rebel, 1896) on Micromeria parasite Larvae freely at the plants. host plants Lamiaceae, monophagous Micromeria varia. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Arenberger & Baez (2011a), Gielis (1996a), Klimesch (1993a).

Agdistis salsolae Walsingham, 1908 on Salsola parasite Larvae freely on the plants. host plants Amaranthaceae, monophagous Salsola divaricata. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Arenberger (1977a), Arenberger & Baez (2011a), GIelis (1996a), Klimesch (1993a), Lepiforum (2023).

Carposina gigantella Rebel, 1917 on Aeonium host plants Crassulaceae, monophagous ? Aeonium. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Diakonoff (1989a), Klimesch (1993a).

Rosetea corfuella (Lvovsky, 2000) on Olea host plants Oleaceae, monophagous Olea europaea. references Corley & Ferreira (2019a).

Rosetea rosetella (Corley, 2018) mine Narrow, full depth, very transparent corridor, line with some silk, that often follows a vein for a large part. The corridor is not straight but has many recesses or short lateral branches. Almost all frass is ejected through a few clearly visible openings. Pupation outside the mine. host plants Oleaceae, […]

Teleiopsis latisacculus Pitkin,1988 on Rhus host plants Anacardiaceae, monophagous Rhus coriaria. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Kemal & Koçak (2017c).

Carposina sublucida Diakonoff, 1988 on Aeonium host plants Crassulaceae, monophagous Aeonium. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Diakonoff (1988a), Klimesch (1993a).

Carposina berberidella Herrich-Schäffer, 1854 on Berberis parasite The larvae bore in the berries. host plants Berberidaceae, monophagous Berberis vulgaris. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Diakonoff (1989a), Kopp (2016a).

Carposina scirrhosella Herrich-Schäffer, 1854 peach fruit moth parasite Larvae bore in the hips. host plants Rosaceae, monophagous Rosa canina. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). pupa see Patočka. references Diakonoff (1989a), Lepiforum (2023), Patočka (1997a), Roques, Cleary, Matsiakh & Eschem (2017a), Stojanović (2005a).

Scythris hungaricella Rebel, 1917 on Thymus host plants Lamiaceae, monophagous Thymus. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Takács, Szabóky & Tóth (2021a).

Scythia aetnensis Russo & Longo, 1990 on Festuca parasite Fusiform scales on stems and leaves. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Festuca circummediterranea. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Russo & Longo (1990a).

Scythia craniumequinum (Kiritchenko, 1938) on Stipa parasite Conspicuous scales at the stems. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Stipa capillata, pennata. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Fetykó (2014a), Köhler (2009a, 2011a, 2013a), Kozár, Guignard, Bachmann ao (1994a).

Scythris arenbergeri Passerin d’Entrèves, 1986 on Arenaria host plants Caryophyllaceae, monophagous Arenaria nevadensis. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Lepiforum (2023), Passerin d’Entrèves(1986a).

organ parasitic mode stage note taxonomic group parasite unknown unknown Scythrididae Scythris arenbergeri

Scythris emichi (Anker, 1870) on Gypsophila parasite Larvae in silken tubes. host plants Caryophyllaceae, monophagous Gypsophila fastigiata. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa Larvae volet, accompanied by ants. references Sulcs & Sulcs (1989a), Takács, Szabóky & Tóth (2021a).

Scythris corsa Passerin d’Entrèves, 1986 on Anthyllis host plants Fabaceae, monophagous Anthyllis hermanniae. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Passerin d’Entrèves (1986a).

Coleophora variicornis Toll, 1962 on ? Trifolium parasite Larvae probably in a seed case. host plants Fabaceae, monophagous ? Trifolium. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Baldizzone (2020a), Laštůvka & Laštůvka (2017a), Nuss & Stübner (2003a), Patzak (1974b), Stübner (2007a).

Coleophora aleramica Baldizzone & Stübner, 2007 on ? Trifolium parasite Larvae probably in a seed case. host plants Fabaceae, monophagous ? Trifolium. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Baldizzone (2020a), Baldizzone, Varalda & Donato (2010a), Stübner (2007a).

Scrobipalpa erichi Povolný, 1964 on Lycium, etc. parasite Larva feeds on leaves and flowers, and mines twigs and fruits. host plants Solanaceae, oligophagous Lycium barbarum; Nicotiana tabacum; Solanum. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Elsner, Huemer & Tokár (1999a), Huemer & Karsholt (2010a), Lepiforum (2023). Povolný (1983a).

Zeiraphera rufimitrana (Herrich-Schäffer, 1851) red-headed bell on Abies parasite Larvae initially concealed by the bud scales, later in a web at the needles. host plants Pinaceae, monophagous Abies alba, cephlonica. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). synonyms Epinotia, Steganopycha, rufimitrana. references Bogenschütz (1991a), Disqué (1905a), Hancock & Bland (2015b), Kollár & Hrubík (2009a), Kuchlein & Naves […]

Scrobipalpa suaedicola (Mabille, 1906) on Suaeda parasite Larvae freely on the plants. host plants Amaranthaceae, monophagous Suaeda vera. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). synonyms Lita suaedicola. references Aguiar & Karsholt (2006a), Huemer & Karsholt (2010a). Menhofer (1943a).

Chlorops kirigaminensis Kanmiya, 1978 on Hierochloe parasite Larvae in the stems. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Hierochloe odorata. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Belgers & Beuk (2017a).

Scrobipalpa rebeli (Preissecker, 1914) on Artemisia parasite Larvae in a globular web in the inflorescence. host plants Asteraceae, monophagous Artemisia campestris. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). synonyms Scrobipalpopsis rebeli. references Huemer & Karsholt (2010a), Lepiforum (2022), Sattler (1986a).

Trifurcula graeca Laštůvka & Laštůvka,1998 on Genista parasite the larvae (probably) make bark mines. host plants Fabaceae, monophagous ? Genista acanthoclada. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Laštůvka & Laštůvka (1998a).

Scythris glacialis (Frey, 1870) on Silene, etc. parasite Larvae in a silken tube among the plants. host plants polyphagous Erigeron uniflorus; Gnaphalium supinum; Saxifraga moschata, oppositifolia; Silene acaulis. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum, Schmid. references Embacher & Huemer (2008a), Lepiforum (2022), Schmid (2019a), Wieser & Huemer (1999a).

Pegomya ventralis Stein, 1906 on Rumex parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. host plants Polygonaceae, monophagous Rumex obtusifolius. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). notes Reared “from” Rumex obtusifolius. Four females were bred, the identification therefore is provisional. references Zangheri (1957a).

Thrypticus smaragdinus Gerstäcker, 1864 on Phragmites larva (from Lübben) pupa (exuvium) parasite Groups of larvae in autumn and spring make vertical tunnels in the above-water parts of the stem.They hibernate below the water table, in the rhizomes. Pupation in the galleries. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Phragmites australis. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Lübben (1908a), […]

Ophiomyia phaseoli (Tryon, 1895) bean fly, maggot; stem fly on Phaseolus, etc. parasite Oviposition in the basal pairs of leaflets. From there the larve descends as a borer in the stem. Pupation in the gallery. host plants Fabaceae, oligophagous Phaseolus vulgaris. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). notes Adult puncture feeding and the tunneling larvae cause […]

Hydrellia argyrogenis Becker, 1896 on Potamogeton parasite Biology not described. host plants Potamogetonaceae, monophagous Potamogeton perfoliatus. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). references Zatwarnicki (1988a).

Acrolepiopsis betulella (Curtis, 1838) oban fanner, oban smudge on Allium parasite Larvae in the inflorescences, feesing on the developing fruits. host plants Amaryllidaceae, monophagous Allium ursinum. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). synonyms Acrolepoa, Acrolepiopsis ursinella Weber, 1845. references Baraniak (1990a), Bengtsson & Johansson (2011a), Gaedike (1972a), Hering (1957a), Klimesch (1958a), Lepiforum (2022).

Isochnus flagellum (Ericson, 1902) on Salix Mines Not described. host plants Salicaceae, monophagous Salix. distribution within Europe PESI (2023). Also Canada. synonyms Rhynchaenus flagellum. references Benedikt, Borovec, Fremuth ao (2010a), Scherf (1964a), Sweeney, Anderson, Webster & Neville (2012a).

Egle inermoides Michelsen, 2009 on Salix parasite The larvae develop in the ripening fruits. host plants Salicaceae, monophagous Salix. distribution within Europe Iberia. references Michelsen (2009b).

Egle inermis Ackland, 1970 on Salix parasite The larvae develop in the ripening fruits. host plants Salicaceae, monophagous Salix pentandra. distribution within Europe PESI (2022). references Ackland (2004a), Michelsen (2009b).

Egle ignobilis Michelsen, 2009 on Salix parasite The larvae develop in the ripening fruits. host plants Salicaceae, monophagous Salix aurita, caprea, cinerea. distribution within Europe PESI (2022). references Michelsen (2009b).

Egle atomaria (Zetterstedt, 1845) on Salix parasite The larvae develop in the ripening fruits. host plants Salicaceae, monophagous Salix. distribution within Europe PESI (2022). references Michelsen (2009b).

Egle pilitibia (Ringdahl, 1918) on Salix parasite The larvae develop in the ripening fruits. host plants Salicaceae, monophagous Salix glauca. distribution within Europe PESI (2022). references Michelsen (2009b).

Egle anderssoni Michelsen, 2009 on Salix parasite The larvae develop in the ripening fruits. host plants Salicaceae, monophagous Salix. distribution within Europe PESI (2022). references Michelsen (2009b).

Egle brevicornis (Zetterstedt, 1838) on Salix parasite The larvae develop in the ripening fruits. host plants Salicaceae, monophagous Salix repens. distribution within Europe PESI (2022). references Martens & van Erkelens (2019a), Michelsen (2009b).

Egle ciliata (Walker, 1849) on Salix parasite The larvae develop in the ripening fruits. host plants Salicaceae, monophagous Salix caprea. distribution within Europe PESI (2022). references Michelsen (2009b).

Egle myricariae Grossmann, 1998 on Myricaria parasite The larvae develop in the ripening fruits. host plants Tamaricaceae, monophagous Myricaria germanica. distribution within Europe PESI (2022). references Martens, Versigghel & van Erkelens (2015a), Michelsen (2009b).

Egle suwai Michelsen, 2009 on Salix parasite The larvae develop in the ripening fruits. host plants Salicaceae, monophagous Salix cinerea. distribution within Europe PESI (2022). references van Erkelens (2013a), Michelsen (2009b).

Egle lyneborgi Ackland & Griffiths, 2003 on Salix parasite The larvae develop in the ripening fruits. host plants Salicaceae, monophagous Salix caprea, cinerea, phylicifolia, repens. distribution within Europe PESI (2022). references Ackland (2004a), van Erkelens (2013a), Michelsen (2009b).

Egle minuta (Meigen, 1826) on Salix parasite The larvae develop in the ripening fruits. host plants Salicaceae, monophagous Salix aurita, caprea, cinerea, repens. distribution within Europe PESI (2022). references Ackland (2004a), van Erkelens (2013a), Martens & Mortelmans (2013a), Michelsen (2009b).

Egle rhinotmeta (Pandellé, 1900) on Salix parasite The larvae develop in the ripening fruits. host plants Salicaceae, monophagous Salix aurita, caprea, cinerea, repens. distribution within Europe PESI (2022). references van Erkelens (2013a), Martens & Mortelmans (2013a), Michelsen (2009b).

Egle subarctica (Huckett, 1965) on Salix parasite The larvae develop in the ripening fruits. host plants Salicaceae, monophagous Salix cinerea, eleagnos. distribution within Europe PESI (2022). references van Erkelens (2013a), Michelsen (2009b).

Egle steini Schnabl, 1911 on Salix parasite The larvae develop in the ripening fruits. host plants Salicaceae, monophagous Salix eleagnos. distribution within Europe PESI (2022). references van Erkelens (2013a), Michelsen (2009b).

Egle parvaeformis Schnabl, 1911 on Salix parasite The larvae develop in the ripening fruits. host plants Salicaceae, monophagous Salix cinerea, repens. distribution within Europe PESI (2022). references van Erkelens (2013a), Martens & Mortelmans (2013a), Michelsen (2009b).

Egle concomitans (Pandellé, 1900) on Populus parasite The larvae develop in the ripening fruits. host plants Salicaceae, monophagous Populus alba. distribution within Europe PESI (2022). references van Erkelens (2013a), Michelsen (2009b).

Bryobia pelerentesi Bryobia pelerentesi on Calicotome parasite Mites and eggs under a web. host plants Fabaceae, monophagous Calicotome villosa. synonyms Bryobia pelerentsi. references van Eyndhoven & Vacante (1989a).

Mompha confusella Koster & Sinev, 1996 on Epilobium, etc. parasite The larvae probably are stem borers. host plants Onagraceae, oligophagous Chamerion angustifolium; Epilobium hirsutum. references Koster & Sinev (1996a, 2003a), Larysz & Hołowiński (2020a).

Tebenna chingana Danilevski, 1969 on Inula parasite Larvae freely on the leaves. host plants Asteraceae, monophagous Inula aspera. distribution within Europe PESI (2022). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum, Patočka. references Lepiforum (2022), Patočka (1999c).

Epermenia devotella (von Heyden, 1863) on Heracleum, etc. parasite Oviposition in the inflorescence, larvae feed on the developing fruits. host plants Apiaceae, oligophagous Angelica sylvestris; Anthriscus; Heracleum sphondylium. distribution within Europe PESI (2022). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum, Pyrgus, Schmid. synonyms Cataplectica devotella. references Baldizzone (2004a), Lepiforum (2022), Patočka (1997b), Schmid (2019a), Schütze (1931a).

Frankliniella pallida (Uzel, 1895) on Sedum parasite Thrips freely on the plants. host plants Crassulaceae, monophagous Sedum acre. In the literature the species is mentioned from many more plant species, but it is not clear if this are truly host plants. distribution within Europe PESI (2022). references Jenser, Vasiliu-Oromulu, Orbán & Szénási (2005a), Karadjova & […]

Frankliniella nigriventris (Uzel, 1895) on Pilosella parasite Thrips in the leaf rosettes, causing small silvery spots on the upper side as suction damage. host plants Asteraceae, monophagous Pilosella officinarum. distribution within Europe PESI (2022). references Vierbergen (1995a).

Agrotis ripae Hübner, 1823 sand dart on Salsola, etc. parasite Larvae at the roots; there also the pupation. host plants polyphagous Cakile maritima; Corispermum intermedium; Salsola kali. distribution within Europe PESI (2022). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum. references Alders (1995a), Bentley (2008a), Beshkov (2000a), Lepiforum (2022).

Eurranthis plummistaria (de Villers, 1789) on Dorycnium parasite Larvae freely at the leaves. host plants Fabaceae, monophagous Dorycnium pentaphyllum. distribution within Europe PESI (2022). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum, Patočka, Pyrgus. synonyms Eurrhanthis plumistaria. references Lepiforum (2022), Patočka (1993a, 2004a), pyrgus.de (2022).

Tshurtshurnella extrema Dlabola, 1980 on Astracantha host plants Fabaceae, monophagous Astracantha arnacantha subsp. aitosensis. distribution within Europe Bulgaria, Turkey. references Gjonov (2022a).

Tropidocephala andropogonis Horváth, 1895 on Chrysopogon, etc. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Bothriochloa ischaemum; Chrysopogon gryllus. distribution within Europe PESI (2022). references Gjonov (2022a).

Delphax armeniacus Anufriev, 1970 on Phragmites host plants Poaceae, monophagous ? Phragmites australis. distribution within Europe PESI (2022). references Gjonov (2022a).

Hyalesthes mlokosiewiczi Signoret, 1879 on Salix parasite Larvae and adults freely on the plants. host plants Salicaceae, monophagous Salix. distribution within Europe Bulgaria. references Gjonov (2022a).

Therapis flavicaria (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) on Lamium parasite Larvae freely on the leaves. host plants Lamiaceae, monophagous Lamium. distribution within Europe PESI (2022). egg, larva, pupa see Patočka. references Patočka (1992a).

Scoloposcelis pulchella (Zetterstedt, 1838) on mainly conifers parasite the bugs are specialised predators, hunting below bark and in tunnels on the larvae of bark beetles. host plants polyphagous Abies; Picea; Pinus. distribution within Europe PESI (2022). references Aukema (1991b, 2013b), Carapezza & Mifsud (2015a), Frieß (2014a), Rabitsch (2005a).

Selagia spadicella (Hübner, 1796) on Calluna parasite Larvae in detitus-clad silken tubes high in the shrubs. host plants Ericaceae, monophagous Calluna vulgaris. distribution within Europe PESI (2022). references Schütze (1931a), de Vos (1991a), Wegner (2010a).

Pilophorus simulans Josifov, 1989 on trees parasite The bugs mainly live as aphid predators. host plants polyphagous Cytisus scoparius; Pinus nigra; Populus alba. references Aulema (1991a), Aukema, Hermes, Chen & Nieser (2012a), Fernández Ruiz (0000a), Schmidt (2015a).

Acantholyda serbica Vasič, 1962 on Pinus parasite Eggs in a row on top of a needle. Larvae in big, because of much frass fully opaque nests in the canopy of old trees. host plants Pinaceae, monophagous Pinus nigra & subsp. laricio + salzmannii. synonyms Acantholyda populi auct., pp. references van Achterberg (1987a), Pérez Fortea, Hernández […]

Tetanops myopina Fallén, 1820 on Ammophila parasite Possibly the larva lives as a stem borer. host plants Poaceae, ? monophagous Ammophila arenaria. references Roháček (2015a), Smit (2005b).

Epinotia palmqvisti Hellberg & Bengtsson, 2015 on Betula parasite Undescribed. host plants Betulaceae, monophagous Betula pubescens. distribution within Europe Sweden. references Hellberg & Bengtsson (2015a).

Epinotia cedricida Diakonoff, 1969 on Cedrus parasite Young larvae mine in the needles Later they live freely, in a cocoon of frass and silk. host plants Pinaceae, monophagous Cedrus atlantica, libani. references Fabre, du Merle, Mouna & Benhalima (1999a), Vives Moreno (2003a).

Acleris undulana (Walsingham, 1900) on Cedrus parasite Larvae feed on the fresh needles. host plants Pinaceae, monophagous Cedrus atlantica, libani & subsp. brevifolia. references Fabre, du Merle, Mouna & Benhalima (1999a), Koteiche & Antoun (2006a), Lepiforum (2022).

Conistra alicia Lajonquière, 1939 parasite Larve freely on the plant. host plants ? polyphagous Prunus domestica. references Corley, Marabuto, Maravalhas ao (2011a).

Phaeosphaeria norfolcia (Cooke) Leuchtmann, 1984 on Juncus parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Asci 11-20 x 50-60 µm, 8 spores, 5-6 x 21-31 µm, 5-septate. host plants Juncaceae, monophagous Juncus effusus, inflexus. references Shoemaker & Babcock (1989a).

Leptosphaeria culmifraga f. minuscula Rehm, 1864 on Melica parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Asci numerous, 10-15 x 60-100 µm, 8 spores, 5-6 x 22-30 µm, 7-septate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Melica ciliata. synonyms Phaeosphaeria minuscula (Rehm) Shoemaker & Babcock. 1989. references Shoemaker & Babcock (1989a).

Phaeosphaeria nigrans (Roberge) Holm, 1957 on Deschampsia parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Asci numerous, 9-12 x 35-55 µm, 8 spores, 4-5 x 22-25 µm, 5-septate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Deschampsia cespitosa. synonyms Phaeosphaeria lineolaris (Niess) Shoemaker & Babcock. 1989. references Shoemaker & Babcock (1989a).

Chondrostega escobesae de Freina, Monasterio Léon, Antonietty & Vila, 2015 parasite Larvae freely on the plants. host plants polyphagous Asphodelus ramosus; Centaurea granatensis; Erodium; Festuca scariosa; Verbascum giganteum. Partly also Echium plantagineum; Lactuca virosa; Plantago lagopus, lanceolata; Populus; Punica granatum. distribution within Europe PESI (2022). egg, larva, pupa see de Freina ao, Lepiforum, Pyrgus. references […]

Chondrostega vandalicia (Millière, 1865) parasite Larvae freely on the plants. host plants polyphagous Anthoxanthum aristatum; Artemisia campestris; Astragalus; Capsella; Cichorium endivia; Cytisus multiflorus; Hypochaeris radicata; Nardus stricta; Plantago; Raphanus; Rumex acetosella; Thapsia garganica. Partly in captivity! distribution within Europe PESI (2022). egg, larva, pupa see se Freina ao, Lepiforum, Pyrgus. references Corley, Marabuto, Maravalhas ao […]

Morinia pestalozzioides Berlese & Bredadola, 1889 on Artemisia parasite Stem spots with acervuli. Conidia fusiform, 6-8 x 20-25 µm, 6-7 transverse and 1-2 ± vertical septa; apical cells hyaline, median cells brown; basal cell usually without appendages, apical cell with three simple appendages, 9-11 µm. host plants Asteraceae, monophagous Artemisia alba, campestris & subsp. sericea. […]

Phaeosphaeria graminis (Fuckel) Holm, 1957 on Phragmites parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Asci numerous, 12-16 x 20-140 µm, 8 spores, 5-6 x 40-50 µm, 10-septate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Phragmites australis. references Shoemaker & Babcock (1989a).

Phaeosphaeria epicalamia (Riess) Holm, 1957 on Luzula parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Asci numerous, 9-12 x 70-100 µm, 8 spores, 5-7 x 22-29 µm, 5-septate. host plants Juncaceae, monophagous Luzula luzuloides, sylvatica. references Shoemaker & Babcock (1989a).

Leptosphaeria cyperina Passerini, 1863 on Cyperus parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Asci numerous, 8-13 x 50-65 µm, 8 spores, 5 x 25-36, 4-septate. host plants Cyperaceae, monophagous Cyperus serotinus. synonyms Phaeosphaeria cyperina (Passerini) Shoemaker & Babcock, 1989. references Shoemaker & Babcock (1989a).

Leptosphaeria arenaria Guyot, 1949 on Phleum, etc. parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Asci numerous, 13-16 x 45-80 µm, 8 spores, 5-6 x 15-23 µm, 5-septate. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Festuca arenaria; Phleum arenarium. synonyms Phaeosphaeria arenaria (Guyot) Shoemaker & Babcock, 1989. references Shoemaker & Babcock (1989a).

Phaeosphaeria triglochinicola (Currey) Leuchtmann, 1984 on Triglochin parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Asci not numerous, 12-29 x 40-85 µm, 8 spores, 7-8 x 25-34 µm. 3-septate. host plants Juncaginaceae, monophagous Triglochin palustris. references Shoemaker & Babcock (1989a).

Phaeosphaeria oryzae Miyake, 1909 on Oryza, etc. parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Asci numerous, 6-9 x 30-55 µm, 8 spores, 5 x 19-22 µm, 3-septate. host plants polyphagous ; Cyperus serotinus; Oryza sativa. references Shoemaker & Babcock (1989a).

Phaeosphaeria minima Shoemaker & Babcock, 1989 on Deschampsia parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Asci numerous, 8-10 x 45-50 µm, 8 spores. 3-4 x 11-14 µm, 3-septate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Deschampsia cespitosa. references Shoemaker & Babcock (1989a).

Phaeosphaeria marram (Cooke) Eriksson, 1967 on Ammophila, Leymus parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Asci numerous, 12-15 x 70-80 µm, 8 spores, 7-8 x25-33 µm, 3-septate. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Ammophila arenaria; Leymus arenarius. references Shoemaker & Babcock (1989a).

Phaeosphaeria maritima Eriksson, 1982 on Ammophila parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Asci numerous, 9-12 x 32-50 µm, 8 spores, 3-4 x 14-15 µm, 3-septate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Ammophila arenaria. references Shoemaker & Babcock (1989a).

Phaeosphaeria macrosporidium (Jones) Shoemaker & Babcock, 1989 on Spartina parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Asci 18-35 x 112-220 µm, 8 spores, 8-12 x 35-68 µm, 1-3-septate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Spartina alterniflora, anglica. references Shoemaker & Babcock (1989a).

Phaeosphaeria glyceriae-plicatae (Săvulescu & Sandu) Shoemaker & Babcock, 1989 on Glyceria parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Asci numerous, 13-15 x 50-60 µm, 8 spores, 5-6 x 19-22 µm, 3-septate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Glyceria fluitans. references Shoemaker & Babcock (1989a).

Phaeosphaeria fautreyi Shoemaker & Babcock, 1989 on Calamagrostis parasite Sten spots with pycnidia. Asci numerous, 14-16 x 60-70 µm, 8 spores, 5-6 x 16-22 µm, 3-septate host plants Poaceae, monophagous Calamagrostis epigeios. references Shoemaker & Babcock (1989a).

Phaeosphaeria exarata Shoemaker & Babcock, 1989 on Carex parasite Stem spots with pycnidia. Asci few, 14-17 x 65-85, 8 spores, 7-8 x 30-36, 3-septate. host plants Cyperaceae, monophagous Carex sempervirens. references Shoemaker & Babcock (1989a).

Leptosphaeria eustomoides Saccardo, 1875 on Bothriochloa parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Asci numerous, 8-10 x 70-75 µm, 8 spores, 5-6 x 18-25 µm, 3-septate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Bothriochloa ischaemum. synonyms Phaeosphaeria eustomoides (Saccardo) Shoemaker & Babcock, 1989. references Shoemaker & Babcock (1989a).

Phaeosphaeria emilii Shoemaker & Babcock, 1989 on Carex parasite Stem spots with pycnidia. Asci numerous, 9-12 x 40-45 µm, 8 spores, 4-5 x 24-31 µm. 3-septate. host plants Cyperaceae, monophagous Carex davalliana. references Shoemaker & Babcock (1989a).

Leptostroma donacinum (Saccardo) Saccardo, 1881 on Arundo parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Asci numerous, 10-12 µm, 8 spores, 5-6 x 22-24 µm, 3-septate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Arundo donax. synonyms Phaeosphaeria donacina (Saccardo) Shoemaker & Babcock, 1989. references Shoemaker & Babcock (1989a).

Leptosphaeria brizae Passerini, 1887 on Briza parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Asci 18-20 x 55-60 µm, 8 spores, 6 x 35-38 µm, 3-septate host plants Poaceae, monophagous Briza. synonyms Phaeosphaeria brizae (Passerini) Shoemaker & Babcock. 1989. references Shoemaker & Babcock (1989a).

Phaeosphaeria annulata Shoemaker & Babcock, 1989 on Bellardiochloa, Leymus parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Asci numerous, 9-12 x 50-60 µm, 8 spores, 3-4 x 16-19 µm, 3-septate host plants Poaceae, monophagous Bellardiochloa variegata; Bellardiochloa variegata. references Shoemaker & Babcock (1989a).

Phaeosphaeria parvula (Niessl) Leuchtmann, 1984 on Iris parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Asci numerous, 10-12 x 40-55 µm, 8 spores, 5-6 x 19-22 µm, 3-septate. host plants Iridaceae, monophagous Iris pseudacorus. references Shoemaker & Babcock (1989a).

Phaeosphaeria lycopodina (Montagne) Hedjaroude, 1969 on Lycopodium parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Asci numerous, 15-25 x 55-100 µm, 8 spores, 5-8 17-27 µm, 3-septate. host plants Lycopodiaceae, monophagous Lycopodium annotinum & subsp. alpestre. references Negrean (1996b), Shoemaker & Babcock (1989a).

Leptosphaeria halima Johnson 1956 on Spartina parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Asci 9-12 x 70-80 µm, 8 spores, 5-7 x 12-16 µm, 3-septate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Spartina alterniflora. synonyms Phaeosphaeria halima (Johnson) Shoemaker & Babcock, 1989. references Shoemaker & Babcock (1989a).

Phaeosphaeria petkovicensis (Bubák & Ranojevic)Shoemaker & Babcock, 1989 on Juncus parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Asci few, 10-24 x 50-100 µm, 8 spores, 5-6 x 34-50 µm, 3-septate. host plants Juncaceae, monophagous Juncus articulatus, conglomeratus, effusus, inflexus. references Shoemaker & Babcock (1989a).

Phaeosphaeria moravica Shoemaker & Babcock, 1989 on Juncus parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Asci not numerous, 50-65 x 10-13 x 5-65 µm, 8 spores 4-5 x 24-25 µm, 3-septate. host plants Juncaceae, monophagous Juncus effusus. references Shoemaker & Babcock (1989a).

Metasphaeria juncinella Mouton, 1901 on Juncus parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Asci numerous, 12-16 x 100-140 µm, 8 spores, 6-7 x 31-37 µm, 3 s-septate. host plants Juncaceae, monophagous Juncus conglomeratus. synonyms Phaeosphaeria juncinella (Mouton) Shoemaker & Babcock, 1989. references Shoemaker & Babcock (1989a).

Phaeosphaeria juncina (Auerswald) Holm, 1957 on Juncus parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Asci not numerous, 10-12 x 31-48 µm, 8 spores, 4-6 x 23-28 µm, 3-septate. host plants Juncaceae, monophagous Juncus effusus. references Shoemaker & Babcock (1989a).

Phaeosphaeria juncicola (Rehm) Holm, 1957 on Juncus, Luzula parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Asci moderately numerous, 12-16 x 45-60 µm, 8 spores, 5-6 x 30-35 µm, 3-septate. host plants Juncaceae, oligophagous Juncus monanthos., trifidus; Luzula “nemorosa”. references Shoemaker & Babcock (1989a).

Phaeosphaeria fetanensis Shoemaker & Babcock, 1989 on Jincus parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia containing numerous asci, 12-14 x 54-70 µm, 8 spores, 5-6 x 24-30 µm, 3-septate. host plants Juncaceae, monophagous Juncus biglumis, compressus. references Shoemaker & Babcock (1989a).

Leptosphaeria consobrina Karsten, 1872 on Carex parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia housing 2-6 asci, 20-26 x 70-90 µm, spores 5-8 x 38-48 µm, 3-septate. host plants Cyperaceae, monophagous Carex davalliana, saxatilis. synonyms Phaeosphaeria consobrina (Karsten) Eriksson, 1967. references Shoemaker & Babcock (1989a).

Bruchela kaszabi (Strejček, 1973) on Iberis, Reseda parasite Larvae in the siliques. host plants narrowly polyphagous Iberis pinnata, sempervirens; .Reseda references Yunakov, Nazarenko, Filimonov & Volovnik (2018a).

Elachista canariella Nielsen & Traugott-Olsen, 1987 on Bromus mine Unkown. host plants Poaceae, monophagous ? Bromus. references Klimesch (1990a), Parenti & Varalda, (1994a).

Tenthredo meridiana Audinet-Serville, 1823 host plants As far as known, the larvae of the species group to which meridana belongs, all feed on Asteraceae. However, it has been speculated that meridiana would live Euphorbia, perhaps segetalis or terracina. references Riddiford & Liston (2016a) .

Passalora dioscoreae (Ellis & Martin) Braun & Crous, 2003 on Dioscorea parasite Leaf spots with amphigenous caespituli. Conidia pale olivaceous, 3-5 x 15-20 µm, 1-8-septate. host plants Dioscoreaceae, monophagous Dioscorea. references Braun, Crous & Nakashima (2014a) .

Cercospora amaryllidis Ellis & Everhart, 1887 on Amaryllis, etc. parasite Leaf spots with amphigenous caespituli. Conidia solitary, aciculate, 3-5 x 60-120 µm, obscurely multiseptate. host plants Amaryllidaceae, oligophagous Amaryllis belladonna. references Braun, Crous & Nakashima (2014a).

Myriosclerotinia sulcatula Schumacher & Kohn, 1985 on Carex, Schoenus parasite Numerous 1-5 mm sized black spots on the culms, often in pairs, and generally at only on two of the three sides of the culm. The culms contain brown fungal tissue, where 2-3 µm sized light conidia are formed. Later black sclerotia develop in the […]

Myriosclerotinia luzulae Schumacher & Kohn, 1985 on Luzula parasite Numerous 1-2 mm sized dark spots on the culms. Later black sclerotia develop in the cums, up to 2 cm, sprouting short-stalked apothecia. host plants Orchidaceae, Juncaceae Luzula pilosa. references Schumacher & Kohn (1985a).

Peziza duriaeana Tulasne &Tulasne, 1865 on Carex, etc. parasite 1-3 mm long dark spots on the culms, usually at two sides. The culms contain brown fungal tissue, where 2-4 µm sized light brown conidia are formed. Later black sclerotia develop in the cums, up to 1.5 cm, sprouting long-stalked apothecia. host plants Cyperaceae, oligophagous Carex […]

Myriosclerotinia curreyana (Berkeley) Buchwald, 947 on Juncus parasite 1 mm long dark brown to black spots scattered over de culm. the culms contain much brown fungal material, where 2-3 µm sized hyaline conidia are formed. Later black fusiform conidia develop within the culms, giving rise to long-stalked apothecia. host plants Juncaceae, monophagous Juncus arcticus, conglomeratus, […]

Septoria orchidearum Westendorp, 1851 on Dactylorhiza, etc. parasite Leaf spots with epiphyllous pycnidia. Conidia 1 x 18-22 µm. host plants Orchidaceae, oligophagous Dactylorhiza; Himantoglossum; Neottia; Orchis; Platanthera. references Brandenburger (1985a: 882).

Phyllosticta himantoglossi Petrak, 1959 on Himantoglossum parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 3-4x 4-6 µm. host plants Orchidaceae, monophagous Himantoglossum. references Brandenburger (1985a: 881).

Septoria gymnadeniae von Thümen, 1880 on Gymnadenia parasite Leaf spots with amphigenous pycnidia. Conidia 2-3 x 13-28 µm, 1-2-septate. host plants Orchidaceae, monophagous Gymnadenia. references Brandenburger (1985a: 881).

Cladosporium orchidis Ellis & Ellis, 1972 on Dactylorhiza parasite Leaf spots with caespituli. Conidia in chains, smooth, hyaline to pale olive brown, 2-4 x 5-17 µm, 0-1-septae. host plants Orchidaceae, monophagous Dactylorhiza. references Brandenburger (1985a: 881).

Septoria orchidearum var. listerae (Allescher) Keissler, 1921 on Neottia parasite Leaf spots with epiphyllous pycnidia. Conidia 2-3 x 40-45 µm. host plants Orchidaceae, monophagous Neottia. references Brandenburger (1985a: 881).

Septoria epipactidis Saccardo, 1878 on Epipactis parasite Leaf spots with hypophyllous pycnidia. Conidia 2 x 25-30 µm. host plants Orchidaceae, monophagous Epipactis. references Brandenburger (1985a: 880).

Phyllosticta epipactidis Diedicke, 1903 on Epipactis parasite Leaf spots with epiphyllous pycnidia. Conidia 2-3 x 3-7 µm. host plants Orchidaceae, monophagous Epipactis. references Brandenburger (1985a: 880).

Cercospora cephalantherae Ondřej & Zavrel, 1971 on Cephalanthera parasite Leaf spots with caespituli. Conidia 2-3 x 40-80 µm, 4-8-septate. host plants Orchidaceae, monophagous Cephalanthera damasonium. references Brandenburger (1985a: 880), Braun, Crous & Nakashima (2014a).

Musicillium theobromae (Turconi) Zare & Gams ,200 on usa parasite Fruit spots with caespituli. Conidia solitary, 2-3 x 3-8 µm. host plants Musaceae, monophagous Musa. synonyms Verticillium theobromae (Turconi) Mason &Hughes, 1951. references Brandenburger (1985a: 879).

Buergenerula spartinae Kohlmeyer & Gessner, 1976 on Spartina parasite Film on the leaf sheats (spots?) with pycnidia. Asci 18-20 x 120-190 µm, 8 hyaline spores, 10-14 x 37-66 µm, 3-septate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Spartina alterniflora. references Kohlmeyer & Gessner (1976a).

Hendersonia caricis-pilosae Petrak, 1927 on Carex parasite Leaf spots with epiphyllous pycnidia. Conidia 3-4 x 30-60 µm, 5-7-septate. host plants Cyperaceae, monophagous Carex. references Brandenburger (1985a: 872).

Stagonospora caricicola Hollós, 1926 on Carex parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 5 x 38-40 µm, 6-septate. host plants Cyperaceae, monophagous Carex. references Brandenburger (1985a: 872).

Stagonospora jaapii Diedicke, 1914 on Carex parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 7-8 x 28 µm, 2-5-septate. host plants Cyperaceae, monophagous Carex. references Brandenburger (1985a: 872).

Stagonospora caricis (Oudemans) Saccardo, 1884 on Carex parasite Leaf spots with rows of pycnidia. Conidia 4-8 x 25-45 µm, 0-7-septate. host plants Cyperaceae, monophagous Carex muricata subsp. pairae, sylvatica. references Brandenburger (1985a: 872), Ruszkiewicz-Michalska (2006a).

Septoria caricis-montanae Vestergren, 1903 on Carex parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 1 x 46-56 µm, 4-6-septate. host plants Cyperaceae, monophagous Carex. references Brandenburger (1985a: 872).

Septoria caricinella Saccardo & Roumeguère, 1884 on Carex parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 1-2 x 32-70 µm, aseptate. host plants Cyperaceae, monophagous Carex spicata. references Brandenburger (1985a: 872), Ruszkiewicz-Michalska (2006a).

Septoria baudysiana Saccardo, 1914 on Carex parasite Leaf spots with hypophyllous pycnidia. Conidia 3 x 30-38, 1-septate. host plants Cyperaceae, monophagous Carex. references Brandenburger (1985a: 872).

Clasterosporium caricinum Schweinitz, 1832 on Carex parasite Leaf spots with hypophyllous caespituli. Conidia solitary, 11-20 x 70-160 µm, 7-17-septate. host plants Cyperaceae, monophagous Carex spicata. references Brandenburger (1985a: 871), Ruszkiewicz-Michalska (2006a) .

Thecaphora oligaspora Cocconi, 1891 on Carex gall Spikelets completely modified, broen, powdery. Spore balls 25-32 µm, composed of 8-12 smooth spores, sized 5-8 µm. host plants Cyperaceae, monophagous Carex digitata. distribution within Europe PESI (2022). synonyms Thecaphora oligospora. notes Species found only once (Italy), status dubious. The description by Brandenburger deviates from what is cited […]

Guignardia caricicola (Fuckel) Vasyagina, 1987 on Carex parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia containing 10-15 asci, 12-14 x 25-42 µm, spores 3-5 x 12-16 µm. host plants Cyperaceae, monophagous Carex. references Brandenburger (1985a: 867).

Buergenerula biseptata (Rostrup) Sydow, 1936 on Carex parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Asci 17-23 x 70-110 µm, spores 7-10 x 21-30, 2 very asymmetrical septa. host plants Cyperaceae, monophagous Carex acutiformis. references Brandenburger (1985a: 867), Kohlmeyer & Gessner (1976a), Riegler-Hager (2000b).

Sclerotinia caricis-ampullacea Nyberg, 1933 on Carex parasite 2-4 mm long dark spots in the culm, usually in two rows, that spit open at at maturity. Then 3-4 µm sized, hyaline to light brown conidia are released. Later fusiform, black sclerotia are formed, up to 1.5 cm, from which a few long-stalked apothecia originate. host plants […]

Myrioconium ambiens Desmazières, 1853 on Carex parasite Sclerotia and black sporodochia, opening with a slit, in the stem. Conidia ø 2 µm. host plants Cyperaceae, monophagous Carex. synonyms According to Schumacher & Kohn a synonym of Peziza duriaeana. references Brandenburger (1985a: 866), Schumacher & Kohn (1985a.

Epidochium affine Desmazières, 1853 on Carex parasite Sclerotia and brown sporodochia, opening with a slit, in the stem. Conidia ø 2 µm. host plants Cyperaceae, monophagous Carex. synonyms Myrioconium affine (Desmazières) Buchwald, 1947; Myriosclerotinia sulcatula. references Brandenburger (1985a: 866), Schumacher & Kohn (1985a).

Hendersonia longispora Bubák & Kabát, 1912 on Scirpus parasite Stem spots with pycnidia. Conidia 4-6 x 45-80 µm, 7-septate. host plants Cyperaceae, monophagous Scirpus. references Brandenburger (1985a: 865).

Myriosclerotinia scirpicola (Rehm) Buchwald, 1947 on Scirpus s.l. tot 5 mm grote groepen van donkere vlekjes op de stengels. De stengels bevatten bruin schimmelweefsel, waarin 3 µm grote hyaline conidia worden gevormd. Later worden in de stengels zwarte sclerotia gevormd, tot 2 cm groot, waaruit zich kortgesteelde apothecia ontwikkelen. parasite Up to 5 mm large […]

Sclerotinia schoenicola Whetzel, 1946 on Schoenus parasite Sclerotia at the stem, below the inflorescence. host plants Cyperaceae, monophagous Schoenus. references Brandenburger (1985a: 864).

Farysia catenata (Ludwig) Sydow, 1937 on Carex parasite Ovaries of scattered flowers in the inflorescence transformed into a bron clump of spores. host plants Cyperaceae, monophagous Carex. distribution within Europe Not a European species (Vánky)! synonyms Ustilago catenata Ludwig, 1893. references Brandenburger (1985a: 683), Vánky (2012a: 120).

Cercospora cyperi-fusci Sandu, 1960 on Cyperus parasite Leaf spots with caespituli. Conidia 4 x 90-110 µm, obscurely multiseptate. host plants Cyperaceae, monophagous Cyperus. references Brandenburger (1985a: 682), Braun, Crous & Nakashima (2014a).

Meliola cyperi f. italica Saccardo, 903 on Cladium parasite brownish black velvet film on the leaves. Ascospores 13-18 x 37-47 µm, 4-septate. host plants Cyperaceae, monophagous Cladium mariscus. synonyms Meliola italica (Saccardo) Stevens, 1928. references Brandenburger (1985a: 682), Hongsanan, Tian, Peršoh, ao (2015a), Zeng, Zhao, Hongsanan, ao (2017a).

Phoma typhina (Saccardo & Malbranche) van der Aa, 2002 on Typha parasite Leaf spots with amphigenous pycnidia. Conidia 2-3 x 4-7 µm. host plants Typhaceae, monophagous Typha latifolia. synonyms Phyllosticta coralliobola Bubák & Kabát, 1905; Ph. typhina Saccardo & Malbranche, 1880. references Boerema (2003a), Brandenburger (1985a: 861), Grove (1935a: 57).

Cylindrosporium typhae Saccardo, 1915 on Typha parasite Leaf spots with acervuli. Conidia 4 x 13-26 µm. host plants Typhaceae, monophagous Typha. references Brandenburger (1985a: 861).

Colletotrichum typhae Greene, 1956 on Typha parasite Leaf spots with amphigenous acervuli, bearing olive brown, smooth, 75-140 µm long bristles. Conidia 4-5 x 12-21 µm. host plants Typhaceae, monophagous Typha. references Brandenburger (1985a: 861).

Ascochyta quadriguttulata Kabát & Bubák, 1910 on Sparganium parasite Leaf spots with amphigenous pycnidia. Conidia 4-7 x 12-34 µm. host plants Typhaceae, monophagous Sparganium. references Brandenburger (1985a: 861).

Ascochyta sparganii Ellis, 1914 on Sparganium parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 6-7 x 16-18 µm, 1-septate. host plants Typhaceae, monophagous Sparganium. references Brandenburger (1985a: 861).

Allophoma zantedeschiae (Dippenaar) Qian Chen & Cai, 2015 parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 3-4 x 4-7 µm. host plants polyphagous Cicer arietinum; Zantedeschia. synonyms Phyllosticta richardiae Brooks, 1932. references Brandenburger (1985a: 860).

Cercospora richardiicola Atkinson, 1891 on Zantedeschia parasite Leaf spots with caespituli. Conidia 5-8 x 25-110 µm, obscurely multuseptate. host plants Araceae, monophagous Zantedeschia. synonyms Cercospora richardiaecola. references Brandenburger (1985a: 860).

Cercospora callae Peck & Clinton, 1878 on Zantedeschia parasite Leaf spots with caespituli. Conidia 5-8 x 25-110 µm, 1-9-septate. host plants Araceae, monophagous Zantedeschia. references Brandenburger (1985a: 860), Braun, Crous & Nakashima (2014a).

Phytophthora richardiae Buisman, 1927 on Zantedeschia parasite Root rot. Sporangia ø 24-38 µm, colourless, smooth, thin-walled. host plants Araceae, monophagous Zantedeschia. references Brandenburger (1985a: 859).

Phyllosticta stratiotis Tassi, 1899 on Pistia parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 2 x 4-6 µm. host plants Araceae, monophagous Pistia. references Brandenburger (1985a: 859).

Fusicoccum turconii (Trinchieri) Vanev, 2002 on Philodendron parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 5-7 x 18-20 µm. host plants Araceae, monophagous Philodendron. synonyms Phyllosticta turconii Trinchieri, 1913. references Brandenburger (1985a: 859).

Phyllosticta philodendrina Caballero, 1941 on Philodendron parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 3-6 x 17-33 µm. host plants Araceae, monophagous Philodendron. references Brandenburger (1985a: 859).

Phomopsis fragosoana (Sousa da Câmara) Vanev & van der Aa, 2002 on Monstera parasite Leaf spots with hypophyllous pycnidia. Comidia 3-4 x 7-10 µm. host plants Araceae, monophagous onderzijdige pycnidia. Comidia 3-4 x 7-10 µm.. synonyms Phyllosticta fragosoana Sousa da Câmara, 1929. references Brandenburger (1985a: 858).

Phaeosphaeria eustoma (Fuckel) Holm, 1957 parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Asci numerous, 7-14 x 30-80 µm, 8 spores, 4-6 x 17-29, 3-septate. host plants polyphagous Agrostis stolonifera; Anisantha sterilis; Anisantha sterilis; Dactylis glomerata; Deschampsia cespitosa; Elytrigia repens; Festuca; Oryza sativa; Panicum virgatum; Phleum pratense; Poa pratensis; Puccinellia distans; Typha latifolia. Also Dieffenbachia (Brandenburger) synonyms Phaeosphaeria […]

Leptosphaeria colocasiae Unamuno, 1929 on Colocasia parasite Leaf spots with amphigenous pycnidia. Asci 11-12 x 52-70 µm, spores olive brown, 4-7 x 8-20 µm, 3-septate. host plants Araceae, monophagous Colocasia. references Brandenburger (1985a: 858).

Septoria callae (Lasch) Saccardo, 1890 on Calla parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 2 x 20-25 µm, aseptate. host plants Araceae, monophagous Calla. references Brandenburger (1985a: 857).

Phyllosticta tuzsonii Bubák, 1907 on Arum parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 2-3 x 4-5 µm. host plants Araceae, monophagous Arum. references Brandenburger (1985a: 857).

Ascochyta pellucida Ascochyta pellucida on Arum parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 2-4 x 6-13 µm. host plants Araceae, monophagous Arum. references Brandenburger (1985a: 857).

Ascochyta arophila Saccardo, 1892 on Arum parasite Leaf spots with amphigenous pycnidia. Conidia light yellowish green, 5-6 x 18-21 µm. host plants Araceae, monophagous Arum. references Brandenburger (1985a: 857).

Ascochyta arigena Bubák, 1915 on Arum parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 3 x 9-18 µm. host plants Araceae, monophagous Arum. references Brandenburger (1985a: 857).

Ramularia ari Fautrey, 1892 on Arum parasite Leaf spots with caespituli. Conidia in short chains, 3 x 10-17 µm, 0-1septate. host plants Araceae, monophagous Arum maculatum. synonyms Cercospora ari (Fautrey) Vasyagina, 1975. references Brandenburger (1985a: 857).

Phyllosticta arisari Bresadola, 1891 on Arisarum parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia light olivaceous, 3 x 5-6 µm. host plants Araceae, monophagous Arisarum. references Brandenburger (1985a: 856).

Phyllosticta microspora Verplancke & Claessens, 1934 on Anthurium parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 2 x 3-4 µm. host plants Araceae, monophagous Anthurium. references Brandenburger (1985a: 856).

Phyllosticta cavarae Trinchieri, 1909 on Anthurium parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 2-5 x 7-12 µm. host plants Araceae, monophagous Anthurium. references Brandenburger (1985a: 856).

Gloeosporium minimum Karsten & Hariot, 1890 on Anthurium parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 2-3 x 11-23 µm. host plants Araceae, monophagous Anthurium. synonyms Ascochyta minima (Karsten & Hariot) von Arx, 1957. references Brandenburger (1985a: 856).

Pestalotiopsis briosiana (Montemartini) Wei & Xu, 2005 on Anthurium parasite Leaf spots with rows of epiphyllous acervuli. Conidia 6-7 x 17-20 µm, 4-septate, middle cells dark brown, top cell with 3, 17-18 µm long appendages. host plants Araceae, monophagous Anthurium. synonyms Pestalotia briosiana Montemartini, 1900. references Brandenburger (1985a: 856).

Mycosphaerella anthurii Miles, 1917 on Anthurium parasite Leaf spots with apiphyllous pycnidia. Asci 15-18 x 45 µm, spores light green, 4-5 x 15-20 µm, obscurely 1-septate. host plants Araceae, monophagous Anthurium. references Brandenburger (1985a: 855).

Stagonospora calami Bresadola, 1896 on Acorus parasite Leaf spots with amphigenous pycnidia. Conidia 4-9 x 14-28 µm, 2-3-septate. host plants Acoraceae, monophagous oligophagous polyphagous plantnaamengenus. eeeeeeeeeeeeee xxxxxxxxxxxxeeeeeeeeeeeeee. phenology distribution within Europe PESI (2022). egg, larva, pupa see Lepiforum, Pyrgus. pupa xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx synonyms XXXXX author. inquilines xxxxxx. hyperparasites xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx. notes . references Brandenburger (1985a: 000).

Metasphaeria acorella (Cooke) Berlese & Voglino, 1886 on Acorus parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Asci 15-19 x 55-75 µm, spores light yellow, 4-5 x 36-30 µm, 3-septate. host plants Acoraceae, monophagous Acorus. synonyms Leptosphaeria acorella Cooke, 1885. references Brandenburger (1985a: 854).

Hendersonia grandimaculans Mel’nik, 1970 on Trachycarpus parasite Leaf spots with epiphyllous pycnidia. Conidia 4-5 x 13-20 µm. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Trachycarpus. references Brandenburger (1985a: 854).

Pestalotiopsis phoenicis (Vize & Cooke) Chen, 1993 on Phoenix parasite Leaf spots with acervuli. Conidia partly brown, 5-7 x 16-24, µm, 4-septal; apical cell with 3, 12-22 µm long appendage that are apically clavate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Phoenix. references Brandenburger (1985a: 853).

Scolecostigmina palmivora (Saccardo) Kamal, 2010 on Phoenix parasite Leaf spots with amphigenous caespituli. Conidia solitary, verrucose, brownish, 8-10 x 64-89 µm, 3-11-septate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Phoenix. synonyms Stigmina palmivora (Saccardo) Hughes, 1952. references Brandenburger (1985a: 853).

Ceratocystis paradoxa (de Seynes) Moreau, 1952 black rot of pineapple parasite Leaf spots with variously shaped immersed pycnidia, that open to the outside with a 0.7-1.5 mm long neck. Ascosporen 3-4 x 7-10 µm. Infected leaves wither. host plants polyphagous Ananas; Musa; Phoenix. references Brandenburger (1985a: 853), Melgarejo Nárdiz, García-Jiménez, Jordá Gutiérrez, ao (2010a).

Phyllosticta palmicola Cooke, 1886 on Chamaerops parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 2 x 5 µm. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Chamaerops. references Brandenburger (1985a: 852).

Phyllosticta chamaeropis Pollacci, 1899 on Chamaerops parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 2-3 x 5-6 µm. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Chamaerops. references Brandenburger (1985a: 852).

Mycosphaerella chamaeropis (Traverso) Tomilin, 1979 on Chamaerops parasite Leaf spots with amphigenous pycnidia, containing 15-20 asci, 15-19 x 32-40 µm, spores 4-5 x 19-20 µm. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Chamaerops. references Brandenburger (1985a: 852).

Phaeochora steinheilii (Montagne) Müller, 1965 on Chamaerops parasite Leaf spots with shining black stromata. Asci 30-45 x 50-60 µm, spores disintegrating at maturity, 8-11 x 17-24 µm. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Chamaerops humilis. synonyms Sphaerodothis chamaeropis (Cooke) Shear, 1909. references Brandenburger (1985a: 852), Moret i Benaset & Nadal i Puigdefabregas (1984a).

Ascochyta arundinariae Tassi, 1896 on Bambusa parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia hyaline, 4 x 13-15 µm, mostly aseptate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Arundinaria. references Brandenburger (1985a: 850).

Phyllosticta sampaioana González Fragoso, 1924 on Bambusa parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 2-3 x 5-6 µm. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Bambusa. references Brandenburger (1985a: 850).

Ascochyta scotinospora Sousa da Câmara, 1929 on Bambusa parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia light straw yellow, 3-6 x 9-14 µm, 1-septate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Bambusa. references Brandenburger (1985a: 850).

Stenocarpella macrospora (Earle) Sutton, 1977 on Zea parasite Leaf spots with amphigenous pycnidia. Conidia dark grey, cylindrical, 8-12 x 44-82 µm,0-3-septate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Zea. references Brandenburger (1985a: 849).

Ascochyta zeina Saccardo, 1878 on Zea parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia hyaline, 6-8 x 15-18 µm, 1-septate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Zea. references Brandenburger (1985a: 849).

Ascochyta graminea (Saccardo) Sprague & Johnson, 1950 on Zea parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia hyaline to pale straw, 5-7 x 18-24 µm, 1-septate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Zea. references Brandenburger (1985a: 849).

Bipolaris zeicola (Stout) Shoemaker. 1959 on Zea parasite Leaf spots with caespituli. Conidia cigar shaped, dark brown, 12-18 x 30-100 µm, with 1-11 incomplete septa. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Zea. references Brandenburger (1985a: 848).

Bipolaris maydis (Nisikado & Miyake) Shoemaker, 1959 southern corn leaf blight on Zea parasite Leaf spots with caespituli. Conidia curved, dark golden brown, smooth, 15-20 x 70-160 µm, with 5-11 incomplete septa. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Zea. synonyms Drechslera maydis (Nisikado & Miyake) Subramanian & Jain, 1966. references Brandenburger (1985a: 848).

Aureobasidium zeae (Narita & Hiratsuka) Dingley, 1973 maize eyespot on Zea parasite Leaf spots with caespituli. Conidia in groups of 1-8, sickle-shaped, 2-4 x 18-34 µm, aseptate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Zea. synonyms Kabatiella zeae Narita & Hiratsuka, 1959. references Brandenburger (1985a: 848).

Mycosphaerella zeae (Saccardo) Kirchner, 1923 on Zea parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia holding 10-15 asci, 14-16 x 70-80 µm, spores 7-8 x 20-23 µm. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Zea. references Brandenburger (1985a: 848).

Stenocarpella maydis (Berkeley) Sutton, 1980 ear rot of maize, diplodia ear rot parasite Rotting of stem and ears; pycnidia . Conidia light brown, 5-8 x 15-34 µm, 0-2 septate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Zea mays. references Brandenburger (1985a: 848), Lamprecht, Crous, Groenewald, ao (2011a).

Phyllosticta sorghina Saccardo, 1878 on Sorghum, etc. parasite Leaf spots with amphigenous pycnidia. Conidia 24 x 4-7 µm. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Panicum; Setaria; Setaria. synonyms Phoma sorghina (Saccardo) Boerema, Dorenbosch & Kesteren, 1973. references Brandenburger (1985a: 846).

Ascochyta sorghina Saccardo, 1878 on Sorghum parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 6-8 x 12-20 µm. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Sorghum. references Brandenburger (1985a: 845).

Ascochyta sorghi Saccardo, 1875 on Sorghum parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. onidia hyaline, 6-8 x 16-20 µm, 1 septate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Sorghum. references Brandenburger (1985a: 845).

Hadrotrichum sorghi (Passerini) Ferraris & Massa, 1972 on Sorghum parasite Leaf spots with caespituli. Cponidia solitary, 10-16 x 14-17 µm. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Sorghum. references Brandenburger (1985a: 845).

Exserohilum turcicum (Passerini) Leonard & Suggs, 1974 turcicum leaf blight on Sorghum, etc. parasite Leaf spots with caespituli. Conidia liht brown, cigar-shaped, smooth, 20-24 x 60-144 µm, with 5-9 incomplet septa. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Echinochloa; Setaria; Sorghum; Zea mays. synonyms Drechslera turcica (Passerini) Subramanian & Jain, 1966. references Brandenburger (1985a: 845).

Cercospora sorghi Ellis & Everhart, 1887 on Sorghum parasite Leaf spots with amphogenous caesptuli. Conidia 3-4 x 40-120 µm, obscurely 3-11-septate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Sorghum. references Brandenburger (1985a: 845).

Puccinia daniloi Bubák, 1905 on Saccharum gall Uredinia and telia hypophyllous, yellow and black. Urediniospores verruvose, 3 equatiorial pores, 19-25 x 25-30 µm, Teliospores 2-celled, smooth, 20-24 x 36-50 µm. host plants Poaceae, monophagous plantnaameSaccharumngenus. references Brandenburger (1985a: 844).

Claviceps pusilla (Cesati) Cesati, 1855 on Dichanthium parasite Lkike Claviceps purpurea, but stromata straw coloured, on a 20-24 mm lang pedicel. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Dichanthium. references Brandenburger (1985a: 843).

Septoria ischaemi Ikeno, 1932 on Dichanthium parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 3-4 x 10-14 µm. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Dichanthium. references Brandenburger (1985a: 843).

Septoria grylli Saccardo, 1878 on Chrysopogon parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 1 x 75-85 µm. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Chrysopogon. references Brandenburger (1985a: 482).

Phyllachora fallax Saccardo, 1875 on Andropogon, etc. parasite Leaf spots with black stromata. Asci 8-12 x 70-100 µm, spores 6-9 x 11-14 µm. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Andropogon; Chrysopogon; Dichanthium; Hyparrhenia. references Brandenburger (1985a: 841).

Phyllosticta crastophila Saccardo, 1878 on grasses parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 2 x 5-6 µm. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Phalaris; Setaria. references Brandenburger (1985a: 841).

Bipolaris setariae Shoemaker, 1959 on Setaria parasite Leaf spots with caespituli. Conidia light brown, 12-14 50-70 µm, 5-10 incomplete septa. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Setaria. synonyms Drechslera setariae (Sawada) Subramanian & Jain, 1966. references Brandenburger (1985a: 840).

Scirrhia setariae (Saccardo) Theissen & Sydow, 1915 on Setaria parasite Leaf spots with black epiphyllous stromata in a row. Asci 6-18 x 50-58 µm, spores 6 x 16 µm, 1-septate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Setaria. references Brandenburger (1985a: 840).

Claviceps paspali Stevens & Hall, 1910 on Paspalum gall Ovaries changed into whitish, slimy clumps, that eventually dry and drop. Conidia are formed at the outside, 3-8 x 4-15 µm. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Paspalum dilatatum. references Brandenburger (1985a: 840), Brown (1916a).

Uromyces linearis Berkeley & Broome, 1873 on Panicum gall Uredinia and telia,brown and blackish brown, mainly epiphyllous. Urediniospores spinolose, 2-5 ± equatorial pores, 22-26 x 24-28 µm. Teliospores 1-celled, smooth, 19-24 x 24-29 µm. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Panicum repens. references Brandenburger (1985a: 839), Gäumann, 1959: 246), Gjaerum (1982a), Gjaerum & Sunding (1986a), Savchenko, Heluta, […]

Pyricularia grisea Saccardo, 1880 on grasses parasite Leaf spots with amphigenous caespituli. Conidia pyriform, 6-9 x 17-28 µm, 2-septate. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Digitaria; Secale; Setaria viridis; Zea. references Brandenburger (1985a: 838), Ozaslan, Hüseyin, Farooq & Onen (2018a).

Ustilaginoidea virens (Cooke) Takahashi, 1896 false smut disease. on Oryza gall Individual spikelets are transformed into cm-sized, greenish black globules. At their outside conidia are formed, often also sclerotia. Conidia dark olive, fine verrucose, 3-5 x 4-6 µm. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Oryza. references Brandenburger (1985a: 838).

Pyricularia oryzae Cavara, 1891 on Oryza parasite Leaf spots with caespituli. Conidia pear shaped, 8-11 x 17-23 µm, 2-septate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Oryza. synonyms Magnaporthe oryzae Couch, 2002. references Brandenburger (1985a: 837).

Bipolaris oryzae (Breda de Haan) Shoemaker, 1959 on Oryza parasite Leaf spots with hypophylloud caespituli. Conidia 14-22 x 63-153 µm, 6-14 incomplete septs. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Oryza. synonyms Drechslera oryzae (Breda de Haan) Subramanian & Jain, 1966. references Brandenburger (1985a: 837).

Eballistra oryzae (Sydpw & Sydow) Bauer, Begerow, Nagler & Oberwinkler, 2001 on Oryza parasite Lead coloured leaf spots, ≤ 1.5 mm. In the tissue compact groups of ± brown, smooth, spores, 7-10 x 8-11 µm. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Oryza. synonyms Entyloma oryzae Sydpw & Sydow, 1914. references Brandenburger (1985a: 837).

Pleospora oryzae Cattaneo, 1874 on Oryza parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia containing 15-25 asci, 10-12 x 45-52 µm, 8 spores, 4-5 x 14-16 µm. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Oryza. synonyms Mycosphaerella oryzae (Garovaglio & Cattaneo) Jaczewski, 1917. references Brandenburger (1985a: 837).

Nakataea sigmoidea (Cavara) Hara, 1939 on Oryza parasite Black spots on the leaf sheaths at the stem above the water table; caespotuli. Conidia smopoth, sickle shaped, partly light brown, 11-14 x 40-83 µm, 3-septate. Also subepidermal black slerotia are formed. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Oryza. references Brandenburger (1985a: 837).

Stagonospora leersiae Petrak, 1924 on Leersia parasite Leaf spots with rows of pycnidia. Conidia hyaline, 6-8 x 17-25 µm, 3=septate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Leersia. references Brandenburger (1985a: 836).

Claviceps cynodontis Langdon, 1954 on Cynodon gall Als Claviceps purpurea, biut conidia kidney-shaped, 4-6 x 10-20 µm. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Cynodon. references Brandenburger (1985a: 835).

Phyllachora cynodontis Niesl, 1876 on Cynodon parasite Leaf spots with black stromata. Asci 12-16 x 50-67 µm, spores 5-6 x 8-12 µm. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Cynodon dactylon. references Brandenburger (1985a: 835), Săvulescu & Rayss (1935a) .

Peronospora diplachnis Milovtzova, 1937 on Cleistogenes parasite Leaf spots with hypophyllous fungal down. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Cleistogenes. references Brandenburger (1985a: 834).

Ascochyta stipae-pennatae Punithalingam, 1979 on Stipa parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia hyaline, 4 x 15-16 µm, 1-septate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Stipa. references Brandenburger (1985a: 833).

Phyllosticta spartinae Brunaud, 1888 on Spartina parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 2 x 3-4 µm. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Spartina. references Brandenburger (1985a: 831).

Septoria phleina Baudyš & Picbauer, 1926 on Phleum parasite Leaf spots with rows of pycnidia. Conidia 1-2 x 24-40 µm, 3-septate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Phleum. references Brandenburger (1985a: 830).

Ascochyta phleina Sprague, 1948 on grasses parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia hyalien, 2 x 12-14 µm, 1 sept. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Melica uniflora; Phleum. references Brandenburger (1985a: 830), Ruszkiewicz-Michalska (2006a).

Pyrenophora grahamii Rossman & Hyde, 2015 on Phleum parasite Leaf spots with caespituli. Conidia solitary of in chains, smooth, straw coloured, 14-16 x 50-90, with 4-8 incomplete septa. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Phleum. synonyms Drechslera phlei (Graham) Shoemaker, 1959. references Brandenburger (1985a: 829).

Dactylaria graminicola Årsvoll, 1975 on grasses parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. caespituli. Conidia smooth, 2 x 10-20 µm, 1-3-septate. The fungus develops under a snow cover. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Agrostis; Dactylis; Festuca; Lolium; Phleum; Poa. references Brandenburger (1985a: 829).

Septoria phalaridis Cocconi & Morini, 1884 on Phalaris parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 1 x 20-25 µm, obscurely 1-septate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Phalaris. references Brandenburger (1985a: 828).

Ascochyta digraphidis Polozova, 1969 on Phalaris parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 4 x 13-14 µm, 1-septate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Phalaris. references Brandenburger (1985a: 828).

Stagonospora anthoxanthi Castellani & Germano, 1977 on Anthoxanthum parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia hyaline, 4-5 x 14-21 µm, 2-4-septate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Anthoxanthum. references Brandenburger (1985a: 826).

Stagonospora alopecuri Rostrup, 1906 on Alopecurus parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia light yellow, 5-6 x 25-32 µm, 3-septate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Alopecurus. references Brandenburger (1985a: 825).

Septoria alopecuri-agrestis Frandsen, 1943 on Alopecurus parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 2 x 33-50 µm, obscurely 0-2 septate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Alopecurus. references Brandenburger (1985a: 824).

Ascochyta alopecuri Polozova, 1969 on Alopecurus parasite Leaf spots with rows of hypophyllous pycnidia. Comidia hyaline, 3 x 10-14 µm. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Alopecurus. references Brandenburger (1985a: 824).

Septoria phragmitis Saccardo, 1878 on Phragmites parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 2 x 20-30 µm, aseptate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Phragmites. references Brandenburger (1985a: 823).

Phyllosticta phragmitis Nagorny, 1913 on Phragmites parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 2-3 x 3-7 µm. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Phragmites. references Brandenburger (1985a: 823).

Passalora maculicola (Ellis & Kellerman) Braun, 2000 on Phragmites parasite Leaf spots with hypophyllous caespituli. Conidia 8-11 x 20-22 µm. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Phragmites. synonyms Fusicladium maculicola, “nacilicolum” (Ellis & Kellerman) Ondřej, 1973. references Brandenburger (1985a: 822).

Stagonospora bellunensis (Spegazzini) Jørstad, 1967 on Molinia parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 3-4 x 17-32 µm, 2-7-septate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Molinia. references Brandenburger (1985a: 821).

Pseudoseptoria donacis (Passerini) Sutton, 1977 halo spot on grasses parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia, often in rows. Cpnidia sickle-shaped, 2-3 x 16-35 µm, obscurely 0-3 septate. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Arrhenatherum elatius; Arundo; Bromus; Dactylis glomerata; Phleum phleoides; Poa compressa. ] synoniemen Selenophoma donacis (Passerini) Sprague & Johnson, 1940; Septoria donacis Passerini, 1879. synonyms Selenophoma […]

Septoria ventenatae Sandu, 1982 on Ventenata parasite Leaf spots with hypophyllous pycnidia. Conidia curved, 2 x 10-15 µm, aseptate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Ventenata. references Brandenburger (1985a: 819).

Uromyces volkartii Gäumann & Terrier, 1962 on Trisetum parasite Orange uredinia and black telia. Uredinia without paraphysen; spores spinulose-verrucose, 3-5 obscure pores, 18-23 x 21-26 µm. Telia with paraphysen; spores 1-celled, smooth, 18-20 x 30-35 µm. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Trisetum flavescens. | references Brandenburger (1985a: 819), Gäumann (1959a: 248), Klenke & Schiller (2015a).

Septoria bolivari González Fragoso, 1916 on Molineriella parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 1-2 x 15-30 µm, 1-5-septate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Molineriella. references Brandenburger (1985a: 818).

Tiarospora deschampsiae Kruschewa, 1959 on Deschampsia parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 3-5 x 12-20 µm, 1-2-septate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Deschampsia. references Brandenburger (1985a: 813).

Entyloma catenulatum Rostrup, 1890 parasite Not an existing species (Vánky). host plants Poaceae, monophagous Deschampsia cispitosa. references Brandenburger (1985a: 812), Vánky (2012a: 1321).

Septoria calamagrostidis (Libert) Saccardo, 1888 on grasses parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 1-2 x 40-65 µm, 0-6-septate. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Apera; Avena; Calamagrostis; Elymus; Holcus; Koeleria; Rostraria; Trisetum. references Brandenburger (1985a: 811).

Kellermania calamagrostidis Sandu, 1963 on Calamagrostis parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia curved, 3-4 x 24-35 µm. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Calamagrostis. references Brandenburger (1985a: 811).

Cylindrosporium arundinaceum Moesz & Smarods, 1941 on Calamagrostis parasite Leaf spots with acervuli. Conidia hyaline, curved, 3-4 x 27-25 µm,obscurely 0-8-septate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Calamagrostis. references Brandenburger (1985a: 811).

Septoria planiuscula Diedicke, 1914 on Avenula parasite Leaf spots with epiphyllous pycnidia. Conidia 4-5 x 30-45 µm, 7 septate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Avenula. references Brandenburger (1985a: 809).

Uredo avenochloae Urban, 1963 on Avenula Urediniospores (from Urban) parasite Only uredinia: epiphyllous, cinnaon brown; spores spinulose, 4-5 pores, 21-26 23-33 µm. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Avenula pubescens. references Brandenburger (1985a: 809), Klenke & Scholler (2015a), Urban (1963a).

Puccinia bromoidis Guyot, 1951 on Helictochloa Urecdiniospores (from Urban, 1963a). Teliospores (from Gäumann). parasite Only brownish black, amphigensous uredinia. Urediniospores spinulose, 6-7 (most equatorial) pores, 24-27 x 27-30 µm. Teliospores formed in the uredinia, 27-31 x 37-48 µm. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Helictochloa bromoides. references Brandenburger (1985a: 808), Gäumann (1959a: 869), Urban (1963a, 1967a).

Ascochyta avenae var. confusa Punithalingam, 1979 on Avena parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 4-5 x 18-21 µm, 1-septate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Avena. references Brandenburger (1985a: 808).

Ascochyta avenae (Petrak) Sprague & Johnson, 1948 on grasses parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia pale straw coloured, 6 x 17-20 µm, 1-septate. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Avena; Hordeum; Lolium; Triticum. references Brandenburger (1985a: 808).

Drechslera avenae (Eidam) Scharif, 1963 on Avena, etc. parasite Leaf spots with caespituli. Conidia yellowish brown, cigar-shaped, smooth, 15-19 x 50-110 µm with 1-9 incomplete septa. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Avena; Triticum. references Brandenburger (1985a: 807).

Gaeumannomyces avenae (Turner) Hernández-Restrepo & Crous, 2016 on grasses parasite See Gaeumannomyces graminis. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Alopecurus; Anthoxanthum; Arrhenatherum; Avena; Bromus; Cynodon; Dactylis; Deschampsia; Festuca; Holcus; Hordeum; Lolium; Phalaris; Poa; Vulpia. synonyms Gaeumannomyces graminis var. avenae (Turner) Dennis, 1960. references Brandenburger (1985a: 806).

Septoria arrhenatheri Frandsen, 1943 on Arrhenatherum parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 2 x 17-40 µm, 1-2-septate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Arrhenatherum. synonyms Septoria frandsenii Jørstad, 1967. references Brandenburger (1985a: 805).

Septoria ammophilae Sydow & Sydow, 1900 on Ammophila parasite Leaf spots with hypophyllous pycnidia. Conidia 2-3 x 40-65 µm, 0-3-septate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Ammophila. references Brandenburger (1985a: 804).

Ascochyta psammae Oudemans, 1901 on Ammophila, etc. parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 4-5 x 13-16, 1 asymmetrical septum. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Ammophila; Elymus. references Brandenburger (1985a: 804).

Montagula perforans (Roberge) Aptroot, 2006 on Ammophila parasite Pycnidia, embedded in the stem. Conidia light brown, 10-15 x 20-27 µm, 0-1-septate, at both ends a small appendage. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Ammophila. references Brandenburger (1985a: 802).

Stagonospora agrostidis Sydow, 1900 on Agrostis parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 4 x 20-23 µm, 3-septate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Agrostis. references Brandenburger (1985a: 802).

Cheilaria agrostidis Libert, 1830 on grassen parasite Leaf spots with acervuli. Conidia banana-shapled, 4 x 22-26 µm, 0-3 septate. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Agrostis; Calamagrostis; Deschampsia; Elymus; Festuca; Melica uniflora; Phleum; Poa. synonyms Cheilaria agrostis. references Brandenburger (1985a: 801), Ruszkiewicz-Michalska (2006a).

Ascochyta agrostidis Polozova, 1969 on Agrostis parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 3 x 10-13 µm. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Agrostis. synonyms Ascochyta agrostis. references Brandenburger (1985a: 801).

Gaeumannomyces tritici (von Arx & Olivier) (Walker) Hernández-Restrepo & Crous, 2016 on grasses parasite Like G. graminis. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Aegilops; Agrostis; Ammophila; Apera; Briza; Bromus; Calamagrostis; Catabrosa; Cynodon; Dactylis; Dasypyrum; Elymus;Festuca; Holcus; Hordelymus; Hystrix; Lolium; Melica; Phragmites; Poa; Puccinellia; Secale; Setaria; Sorghum; Triticum; Vulpia; Zea. references Brandenburger (1985a: 795).

Parastagonospora nodorum (Berkeley) Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, 2013 glume blotch on grasses parasite Inflorescences discoloured, with pycnidia. Conidia 2-5 x 10-43 µm, 1-3-septate. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Agrostis; Alopecurus; Anthoxanthum; Bromus; Calamagrostis; Dactylis; Dasypyrum; Deschampsia; Elymus; Festuca rubra; Glyceria; Holcus; Hordeum; Hystrix; Lolium; Melica; Molinia; Nardus; Parapholis; Phalaris; Poa; Secale; Triticum synonyms Paeosphaeria nodorum (Müller) […]

Zygoseptoria tritici (Desmazières) Quaedvlieg & Crous, 2011 on grasses parasite Leaf spots with amphigenous pycnidia. Conidia 2 x 35-70 µm, 1-6-septate. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Aegilops; Avena; Bromus; Elymus; Festuca; Glyceria; Secale; Triticum. synonyms Septoria tritici Desmazières, 2842. references Brandenburger (1985a: 797).

Septoria diedickeana Baudyš & Picbauer, 1924 on Triticum parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 2 x 35-50 µm, 1-3 septen. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Triticum. references Brandenburger (1985a: 797).

Parastagonospora avenae (Frank) Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, 2013 on grasses parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 3-4 x 26-42 µm, 2-3-septate. Asci numerous, 7-11 x 50-84 µm, 8 spores, 4-6 x 18-24 µm, 3-septate. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Agrostis; Alopecurus; Anthoxanthum; Arrhenatherum elatius; Avena; Calamagrostis; Dactylis glomerata; Elymus; Festuca; Hierochloe; Hordeum; Molinia; Phalaris; Phleum; Secale; […]

Hymenula cerealis Ellis & Everhart, 1894 on Triticum, etc. parasite Broad yellowish stripes over the leaf with slimy sporodochia. Conidia in clumps at the tip pf hyphae, hyaline, 1-2 x 4-7 µm. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Avena; Hordeum; Triticum. references Brandenburger (1985a: 797).

Gibellina cerealis Passerini) Passerini, 1886 on grasses parasite White flaky fungal film at the base of the plant with pycnidia in vertical rowq. Asci 14-20 x 100-150; spores 7-10 x 28-34 µm. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Hordeum; Lolium; Secale; Triticum. references Brandenburger (1985a: 795).

Gaeumannomyces graminis (Saccardo) von Arx & Olivier, 1952 take-all on Triticum parasite The fungus forms a brownish black tube of several cm around the base of the plant. Jetr slso gourd-shaped black pycnidia. Asci 10-15 x 80-130 µm, spored needle-like, 3 x 80-100 µm, 2-6 septate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Triticum. references Brandenburger (1985a: 795), […]

Pythium volutum Vanterpool & Truscott, 1932 ongrasses parasite Fungal film on the roots. host plants Poaceae, olgophagous Agrostis; Festuca; Hordeum; Lolium; Secale; Triticum; Zea. references Brandenburger (1985a: 794).

Pythium tardicrescens Vanterpool, 1939 parasite Fungal film over the roots. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Avena; Triticum. references Brandenburger (1985a: 794).

Pythium arrhenomanes Drechsler, 1928 on Trticum >tw0 oogonia with antheridia (from Drechsler) parasite Film on the roots. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Triticum. references Brandenburger (1985a: 794), Drechsler (1936a).

Pythium graminicola Subramaniam, 1928 seedling blight of frasses parasite Fungal film on seedllings. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Triticum; Zea. references Brandenburger (1985a: 793).

Gloeotinia granigena (Quélet) Schumacher, 1979 blind seed disease on grasses parasite Pink oloured, slimy film over the ovaries; conidia 4-6 x 11-21 µm. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Agrostis; Bromus; Lolium; Secale. references Brandenburger (1985a: 782).

Septoria secalis Prillieux & Delacroix, 1890 on Secale parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 2-4 x 20-50 µm, 3-septate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Secale. references Brandenburger (1985a: 792).

Septocylindrium secalis Oudemans, 1901 on Secale parasite Leaf spots with caespituli. Conidia partly in branching chains, 3 x 20-50 µm, 0-3-septate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Secale. references Brandenburger (1985a: 792).

Microdochium nivale (Fries) Samuels & Hallett, 1983 microdochium patch, fusarium patch on grasses parasite Leaf spots with caespituli. Conidia croissant shaped, 2-4 x 8-30 µm, 0-7-septate. Occurring mainly in early spring. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Bromus; Dactylis; Secale. synonyms Gerlachia nivalis (Cesati) Gams & Müller, 1980. references Brandenburger (1985a: 791).

Bipolaris sorokiniana (Saccardo) Shoemaker, 1959 on grasses parasite Leaf spots with caespituli. Conidia smooth, dark violet, 128-23 x 60-100 µm, 1-12 incomplete septa. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Avena; Elymus; Festuca; Hordeum; Lolium; Secale; Triticum; Zea. synonyms Drechslera sorokiniana (Saccardo) Subramanian & Jain, 1964. references Brandenburger (1985a: 791).

Stagonospora arenaria (Saccardo) Saccardo, 1884 on Leymus parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 4 x 30-35 µm, 3-5-septate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Leymus. references Brandenburger (1985a: 789).

Zymoseptoria passerinii (Saccardo) Quaedvlieg & Crous, 2011 on Hordeum parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia straight., 2-3 x 22-48 µm, 0-3-septate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Hordeum murinum. synonyms Septoria passerinii Saccardo, 1884. references Brandenburger (1985a: 787).

Ascochyta hordeicola Punithalingam, 1979 on grasses parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 4 x 14-16 µm, 1-septate. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Hordeum; Poa; Triticum. references Brandenburger (1985a: 787), Ruszkiewicz-Michalska (2006a).

Neoascochyta europea (Punithalingam) Chen & Cai, 2015 on Hordeum, etc. parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia hyaline to light leather coloured, 3-5 x 14-16 µm, 1-septate. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Hordeum; Secale; Triticum. synonyms Ascochyta hordei var. europea Punithalingam, 1979. references Brandenburger (1985a: 787).

Ascochyta hordei Hara, 1930 on Hordeum, etc. parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia pale yellow, 4 x 17-20 µm, 1-septate. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Elymus, Hordeum. references Brandenburger (1985a: 787).

Pyrenophora teres Drechsler, 1923 on Hordeum, etc/ parasite Leaf spots with caespituli. Conidia cylindric, smooth, 18-30 x 50-80 µm, 1-7 incomplet septa. Plants crippled, inflorescence malformed. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Avena; Hordeum vulgare; Triticum. synonyms Drechslera graminea (Rabenhorst) Shoemaker, 1962; D. japonica (Ito & Kuribayashi) Shoemaker, 1959. references Brandenburger (1985a: 786), Negrean & Denchev (2000a).

Sclerotium costantinii Foëx & Rosella, 1937 on Poa parasite Sclerotia at the base of the stems, from white to black, ≤ 2 mm. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Poa. synonyms Sclerotium constantinii. references Brandenburger (1985a: 784).

Ceratorhiza cerealis (van der Hoeven) Moore, 1987 on Hordeum parasite Probably like Ceratorhiza rhizodes. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Avena; Bromus; Dactylis; Festuca; Hordeum; Lolium; Poa; Secale; Triticum. synonyms Rhizoctonia cerealis van der Hoeven, 1977. references Brandenburger (1985a: 000).

Septoria elymi-europaei Jaap, 1907 on Hordelymus parasite Leaf spots with rows of pycnidia. Conidia 2-3 x ≤ 70 µm, multiseptate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Hordelymus. references Brandenburger (1985a: 783).

Septoria phyllachoroides Passerini, 1888 on grasses parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 2-3 x 18-48 µm, obscurely 1-3-septate. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Agrostis; Alopecurus; Arrhenatherum elatius; Elymus; Holcus; Triticum. references Brandenburger (1985a: 782), Ruszkiewicz-Michalska (2006a).

Septoria hispanica Teterevnikova-Babayan & Bokhja,1970 on Elytrigia parasite Leaf spots with epiphyllous pycnidia. Conidia 3-4 x 47-72 µm, 3-5 aseptate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Elytrigia repens. synonyms Septoria agropyrina Unamuno, 1930. references Brandenburger (1985a: 782).

Septoria fusispora Diedicke, 1914 on Elytrigia parasite Leaf spots with epiphyllous pycnidia. Conidia 3 x 16-26 µm, obscurely 3-5-septate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Elytrigia repens. references Brandenburger (1985a: 782), Sandu Ville, Lazǎr & Hatmanu (1969a).

Septoria elymi Ellis & Everhart, 1892 on Elymus parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 1-2 x 11-45 µm, obscurely 0-3-septate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Elymus. references Brandenburger (1985a: 782).

Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Diedicke) Drechsler. 1923 on grasses parasite Retarded plants, leaf spots with caespituli. Conidia solitary, hyaline to pale straw, 14-20 x 45-250 µm, 1-9 incomplete septa. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Elymus; Hordeum; Secale; Triticum. synonyms Drechslera tritici-vulgaris (Nisikado) Ito, 1930. references Brandenburger (1985a: 781).

Septoria tritici-cristati Lobik, 1928 on Agropyron parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 3-4 x 33-50 µm. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Agropyron. references Brandenburger (1985a: 778).

Puccinia corniculata Mayor & Viennot-Bourgin, 1950 on Vulpia teliospores (from Gäumann) parasite Only uredinia and telia are known. By the conspicuous teliospores the species reminds of P. coronata, but here in both stages paraphyses are completely lacking. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Vulpia membranacea. references Brandenburger (1985a: 777), Gäumann (1959a: 586), Klenke & Scholler (2015a).

Ascochyta sesleriae Massalongo, 1914 on Sesleria parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia hyaline to pale straw, 8-10 x 40-46 µm. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Sesleria. references Brandenburger (1985a: 776).

Uredo glyceriae Lind, 1913 on Puccinellia parasite Uredinia yellowish brown with many parahyses; sporen 8-10 pores, 18-22 x 21-30 µm. No other stages known. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Puccinellia distans. synonyms Uredo glyceriae-distantis Eriksson, 1923. references Brandenburger (1985a: 775), Klenke & Schiller (2015).

Puccinia baudysii Picbauer, 1926 on Psilurus parasite Uredinia and telia. Uredinia hypophyllous, reddish brown; spores spinulose, ø 19-23 µm. Telia blackish brown, in rows, fringed by paraphyses; spores 2-celled, smooth, 15-20 x 39-62 µm. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Psilurus incurvus. references Brandenburger (1985a: 774), Gäumann (1959a: 484).

Stagonospora octomera Bausá Alcalde, 1948 on Poa parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia pale olivaceous, 3-4 x 27-28 µm, 7-septate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Poa. references Brandenburger (1985a: 774).

Septoria macropoda Passerini, 1879 on Poa parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia curved, 1-2 x 25-50 µm, obscurely 0-3 septate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Poa nemoralis. references Brandenburger (1985a: 774), Ruszkiewicz-Michalska (2006a).

Pyrenophora poae (Baudyš) Marin & Crous, 2019 on Poa parasite Leaf spots with caespituli. Conidia yellowish brown, 17-23 x 60-100 µm, 1-12 incomplete septa. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Poa. synonyms Drechslera poae (Baudyš) Shoemaker, 1969. references Brandenburger (1985a: 773).

Puccinia ceillacensis Mayor, 1969 on Poa parasite Uredinia and telia. Uredinia mainly hypophyllous, yellowish brown, numerous paraphyses; spores densely spinulose, pores obscure, ø 19-21 µm. Telia hypophyllous, black, many paraphysen; spores 2-celled, smooth, 14-19 x 15-37 µm. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Poa cenisia. references Brandenburger (1985a: 771), Mayor (1971a).

Bipolaris victoriae (Meehan & Murphy) Shoemaker, 1959 victoria blight of oats on grasses parasite Internodia with necroses, caespituli. Conidia golden brown, curved, 14-18 x 60-90 µm, 8-10 incomplete septa. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Elymus; Hordeum; Poa. synonyms Drechslera victoriae (Meehan & Murphy) Subramanian & Jain, 1966. references Brandenburger (1985a: 770).

Ligniera pilorum Fron & Gaillat, 1925 on Poa parasite Parts of the roots, in paeticular the hair roots, hypertrophied. In the tissue polygonal sporangia. ø 4-6 µm. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Poa. references Brandenburger (1985a: 770).

Septoria melicae Passerini, 1879 on Melica parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 3-5 x 25-40 µm, 3-septate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Melica uniflora. synonyms Stagonospora melicae (Passerini) Castellani & Germano, 1977. references Brandenburger (1985a: 769).

Mycosphaerella omphalosporoides Petrak, 1925 on Melica parasite Leaf spots with rows of pycnidia, containing 5-7 asci, 7-10 x 17-23 µm, spored 2-3 x 8-11 µm. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Melica. references Brandenburger (1985a: 768).

Ascochyta leptospora var. acuta Punithalingam, 1979 on Lolium parasite Floral parts browned, with pycnidia. Conidia 3 x 14-16 µm, 1-septate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Lolium. references Brandenburger (1985a: 767).

Septoria tritici var. lolicola Sprague & Johnson, 1944 on Lolium parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 1-3 x 21-85 µm, 1-3 septate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Lolium. synonyms Septoria tritici var. loliicola. references Brandenburger (1985a: 767).

Ascochyta leptospora var. minor Punithalingam, 1979 on grasses parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia hyaline, 4 x 15-18 µm, 1 septate. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Ammophila; Brachypodium; Festuca; Lolium. references Brandenburger (1985a: 767, 803).

Neoascochyta desmazieri (Cavara) Chen & Cai, 2015 on Lolium parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 2-3 x 4-20 µm, 1-3-septatr. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Lolium. synonyms Ascochyta desmazieresii Cavara, 1892. references Brandenburger (1985a: 767).

Hadrotrichum virescens Saccardo & Roumeguère, 1881 on grasses parasite Leaf spots with caespituli. Conidia solitary, verrucose, 10-12 x 10-15 µm. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Agrostis stolonifera; Lolium; Phleum pratense; Poa. references Brandenburger (1985a: 766).

Drechslera siccans (Drechsler) Shoemaker, 1959 on grasses parasite Leaf spots with caespituli. Conidia hyaline to brownish, 16-18 x 60-100 µm with 2-11 incomplete septa. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Festuca; Lolium; Triticum. references Brandenburger (1985a: 766).

Clarireedia homoeocarpa (Bennett) Beirn, Clarke, Salgado & Crouch, 2018 dollar spot fungus on grasses parasite Leaf spots with apothecia. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Agrostis; Festuca; Lolium. synonyms Rhizoctonia monteithiana Bennet, 1935. references Brandenburger (1985a: 763).

Septoria tenella Cooke & Ellis, 1879 on Festuca parasite Leaf spots with amphigenous pycnidia. Conidia 1-2 x 25-45 µm, obscurely 0-3-septate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Festuca. references Brandenburger (1985a: 762).

Septoria festucae Diedicke, 1914 on Festuca parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 1 x 11-25 µm, obscurely 0-2-septate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Festuca. references Brandenburger (1985a: 762).

Ascochyta festucae-erectae Hennings, 1906 on Festuca parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia hyaline to pale straw-coloured, 3 x 7-8 µm, 1-septate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Festuca. references Brandenburger (1985a: 762).

Pyrenophora dictyoides Paul & Parbery, 1968 net botch of fescues on grasses parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia hyaline or straw-coloured, 15-17 x 50-90 µm, with 1-13 incomplete septa. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Alopecurus; Festuca; Lolium. references Brandenburger (1985a: 761).

Pyrenophora catenaria (Drechsler) Rossman & Hyde, 2015 on grasses parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia pale yellow to brown, 12-26 x 30-220 µm, with 1-11 incomplete septa. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Agrostis; Festuca; Lolium; Poa. synonyms Drechslera catenaria (Drechsler) Ito, 1930. references Brandenburger (1985a: 761).

Phyllachora sylvatica Saccardo & Spegazzini, 1878 on Festuca parasite Leaves with numerous black stromata. Asci 10-15 x 75-100 µm, spores 5-8 x 12-22 µm. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Festuca ovina, rubra. references Brandenburger (1985a: 760), Jage, Kruse, Kummer, ao (2013a), Kruse (2014a, 2019a).

Phloeospora idahoensis Sprague, 1948 on Festuca parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia curved, 2-9 x 18-105 µm, 0-3-septate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Festuca. references Brandenburger (1985a: 759).

Uromyces scleropoae Baudyš & Picbauer, 1928 on Catapodium parasite Uredinia and telia amphigenous. Urediniospores spinulose, 3-4 pores, 19-23 x 26 µm. Teliospores 1-celled, smooth, 22 x 24 µm. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Catapodium rigidum. references Brandenburger (1985a: 759), Gäumann (1959a: 245).

Septoria glomerata Jørstad, 1967 on Dactylis parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 5-7 x 24-45 µm, 3-5-septate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Dactylis. references Brandenburger (1985a: 758).

Septoria glomerata Jørstad, 1967 on Dactylis parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 2-3 x 22-53 µm, 3-6 septate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Dactylis glomerata. references Brandenburger (1985a: 758), Ruszkiewicz-Michalska (2006a).

Phyllosticta dactylidis Brezhnev, 1961 on Dactylis parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 1 x 3-4 µm. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Dactylis. synonyms Phyllosticta dactylidicola Mel’nik, 1965. references Brandenburger (1985a: 758).

Ascochyta gracilispora Punithalingam, 1979 on grasses parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia hyaline, 2 x 13-15 µm, 1-septate. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Dactylis; Glyceria. references Brandenburger (1985a: 758).

Rhynchobrunnera orthospora (Caldwell) McDonald, Braun & Crous, 2020 on grasses parasite Leaf spots with caespituli. Conidia hyaline, 1-5 X 6-10 µm, 2-septate. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Agrostis; Alopecurus; Calamagrostis; Dactylis; Deschampsia; Festuca; Phleum; Poa. synonyms Rhynchosporium orthosporum Caldwell, 1937. references Brandenburger (1985a: 758).

Puccinia dactylidina Bubák, 1905 on Dactylis parasite Uredinia amphigenous, rust-coloured; spore spinulose, 8-10 obscure pores, 20-24 x 22-28 µm. Telia mainly hypophyllous, compact, black, with paraphyses; spores 2-celled, smooth, 9-28 x 30-55 µm. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Dactylis glomerata. references Brandenburger (1985a: 757), Gäumann (1959a: 555), González Fragoso (1924a, Liu, Szabob, Hambleton, ao (2013a).

Phyllachora dactylidis Delacroix, 1892 on Dactylis, ewtc. parasite Like Phyllachora graminis, but ascospores beaked, ultimately light yellow, 7-9 x 12-18 µm. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Bromus; Dactylis glomerata. references Brandenburger (1985a: 756), Jage, Klenke, Kruse ao (2016a), Kruse (2019a).

Sclerotinia borealis Bubák & Vleugel, 1917 snow blight of grass on grasses parasite In white down, in early spring, develop black sclerotia. They form long-stalked light brown cupulate apothecia. Asci 8-14 x 180-250 µm, spores 7-12 x 16-28 µm. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Arrhenatherum; Dactylis; Phleum; Secale; Triticum. synonyms Myriosclerotinia borealis (Bubák & Vleugel) Kohn, […]

Helminthosporium dactylidis (Shoemaker) Nishihara, 1969 summer leaf blight of orchard grass on grasses parasite Leaf spots with caespituli. Conidia yellowish brown, 15-16 x 80-100 µm, 6-8 incomplete septa. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Dactylis; Secale. references Brandenburger (1985a: 755).

Stagonospora bromi (Saccardo) Smith & Ramsbottom, 1915 on Bromus parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 3-4 x 17-24 µm, 3-eptate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Bromus. synonyms Septoria bromigena Saccardo, 1915. references Brandenburger (1985a: 753).

Pseudoseptoria bromigena (Saccardo) Sutton, 1980 on Bromus parasite Leaf spots with amphigenous pycnidia. Conidia hyaline, 2 x 23-24 µm. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Bromus. synonyms Septoria bromigena Saccardo, 1915. references Brandenburger (1985a: 753).

Phyllosticta bromi Potebnia, 1907 on Bromus parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 3 x 12 µm. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Bromus. references Brandenburger (1985a: 753).

Colletotrichum graminicola (Cesadola) Wilson, 1914 red stalk rot of cereals parasite Leaf spots with dark brown acervuli that bear a number of blackish brown, multicellular, 60-120 µm long bristles. Conidia 3-4 x 18-29 µm. host plants narrowly polyphagous Agrostis; Anthoxanthum; Arrhenatherum; Avenula; Briza; Bromus; Calamagrostis; Carex; Cynodon; Dactylis; Dichanthium; Festuca; Holcus; Hordeum; Melica; Milium; Phleum; […]

Drechslera bromi (Diedicke) Shoemaker, 1962 on Bromus parasite Leaf spots with caespituli. Conidia 16-22 x 150-290 µm, 2-10 incomplete septe. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Bromus. references Brandenburger (1985a: 752).

Puccinia bromi-maximi Guyot, 1941 on Anisantha Anisantha rigida, teliospores (from Gâumann) parasite Uredinia and telia epiphyllous, ochraceous and blackish brown, respectively. Urediniospores spinulose, 7-8 pores, 19-28 x 20-33 µm. Telia with rows of apophyses; spores 17-20 x 48-64 µm. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Anisantha rigida. references Brandenburger (1985a: 752), Gäumann (1959a: 554).

Sphaerella longissima Fuckel, 1864 on Bromus parasite Leaf spots with hypophyllous pycnidia, containing 15-20 asci, 8-11 x 21-33 µm, spores 3-4 x 9-12 µm. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Bromus. synonyms Mycosphaerella longissima (Fuckel) Lindau, 1903. references Brandenburger (1985a: 751).

Septoria brizae Unamuno, 1930 on Briza parasite Leaf spots with amphigenous pycnidia. Conidia 2 x 18-39 µm, aseptate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Briza. references Brandenburger (1985a: 751).

Selenophoma brachypodii Bernaux, 1951 on Brachypodium parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Brachypodium. references Brandenburger (1985a: 750).

Septoria brachypodiicola Brunaud, 1894 on Brachypodium parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 2-3 x 10-26 µm, 1-3-septate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Brachypodium sylvaticum. synonyms Stagonospora brachypodiicola (Brunaud) Castellani & Germano, 1977. references Brandenburger (1985a: 750), Mułenko, Sałata & Wołczańska (1995a).

Septoria brachypodina Petrak, 1922 on Brachypodium parasite Leaf spots with amphigenous pycnidia. Conidia 1 x 4-5 µm, aseptate. host plants Poaceae, monophagous Brachypodium. references Brandenburger (1985a: 750).

Septoria affinis Saccardo, 1878 on grassen parasite Leaf spots with amphigenous pycnidia. Conidia hyaline to light green, 2-3 x 25-30 µm, 4-6-septate. host plants Poaceae, oligophagous Brachypodium; Elymus. references Brandenburger (1985a: 749).

Septoria luzulae Schröter, 1890 on Luzula parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 2-3 x 60-90 µm, 0-7-septate. host plants Juncaceae, monophagous Luzula sylvatica. references Brandenburger (1985a: 746), Ruszkiewicz-Michalska (2006a).

Septoria chanousiana Ferraris, 1903 on Luzula parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 3 x 19-21 µm, 1-septate. host plants Juncaceae, monophagous Luzula. references Brandenburger (1985a: 746).

Mycosphaerella hypostomatica von Höhnel,1902 on Luzula parasite Leaf spots with hypophyllous pycnidia containing 10-20 asci, 7-11 x 22-45 µm, spores 3 x 10-13 µm. host plants Juncaceae, monophagous Luzula pilosa. references Brandenburger (1985a: 746), Ruszkiewicz-Michalska (2006a).

Sphacelia juncicola Fautrey, 1896 on Juncus gall Infected ovaties and young fruits covered with honeydew. Here also coidia: 2-5 x 8-15 µm.. host plants Juncaceae, monophagous Juncus. references Brandenburger (1985a: 746).

Sphacelia tenella Saccardo, 1884 on Juncus parasite Sclerotia in in the upper part of the stem. Conidia ø 2-4 µm. host plants Juncaceae, monophagous Juncus. synonyms Myrioconium tenellum (Saccardo) von Höhnel, 1926. references Brandenburger (1985a: 744).

Myriosclerotinia juncifida (Nylander) Palmer, 1969 on Juncus parasite 1.5 mm long dark brown spots on the culms. The culms contain brown fungal tissue, where 2 µm sized light brown conidia are formed. Later black sclerotia develop in the cums, up to 1.5 cm, sprouting long-stalked apothecia. host plants Juncaceae, monophagous Juncus balticus, compressus, conglomeratus, effusus, […]

Sphaerella perimens Kirschstein, 1941 on Juncus parasite Necrotic stem tips with black pycnidia. Asci 10-14 x 30-30 µm, spores 2-3 x 14-16 µm. host plants Juncaceae, monophagous Juncus. references Brandenburger (1985a: 744).

Phyllosticta romuleae González Fragoso, 1916 on Romulea parasite Leaf spots with amphigenous pycnidia. Conidia 4 x 9-10 µm. host plants Colchicaceae, monophagous Romulea. references Brandenburger (1985a: 743).

Coniothyrium ucrainicum (Petrak) Petrak, 1927 on Iris parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia olive brown, 6-8 x 25-23 µm, 3-septate. host plants Iridaceae, monophagous Iris. synonyms Hendersonia ucrainica Petrak, 1921. references Brandenburger (1985a: 742).

Stagonospora iridis Massalongo, 1890 on Iris parasite Leaf spots with amphigenous pycnidia. Conidia Conidia 4-6 x 26-30 µm, 0-3-septate. host plants Iridaceae, monophagous Iris. references Brandenburger (1985a: 742).

Septoria murina von Thümen, 1880 on Iris parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 3 x 8-14 µm, 3-5 septate. host plants Iridaceae, monophagous Iris. references Brandenburger (1985a: 742).

Septoria iridis-japonicae Nannizi, 1932 on Iris parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 2 x 30-35 µm. host plants Iridaceae, monophagous Iris. references Brandenburger (1985a: 742).

Septoria iridis Massalongo, 1889 on Iris parasite Leaf spots with amphigenous pycnidia. Conidia 4-5 x 20-32 µm, obscurely 1-3-septate. host plants Iridaceae, monophagous Iris. references Brandenburger (1985a: 742).

Ascochyta iridis Oudemans, 1889 on Iris parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 4 x 15-18 µm. host plants Iridaceae, monophagous Iris. references Brandenburger (1985a: 742).

Asteroma pseudacori Allescher, 1899 on Iris parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 2-3 x 3-5 µm. host plants Iridaceae, monophagous Iris. references Brandenburger (1985a: 742).

Napicladium iridis Lobik, 1928 on Iris parasite Leaf spots with caespituli. Conidia brownish, 27 x 26-49 µm, 1-3-septate. host plants Iridaceae, monophagous Iris. references Brandenburger (1985a: 742).

Bipolaris iridis (Oudemans) Dickinson, 1966 on Iris parasite Leaf spots with caespituli. Conidia golden brown, 16-29 x 45-90 µm, 4-9 incomplete septa. host plants Iridaceae, monophagous Iris. synonyms Drechslera iridis (Oudemans) Ellis, 1971. references Brandenburger (1985a: 741).

Rachicladosporium iridis (Auerswald) Crous, 2020 on Iris parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia containing 4-6(-20) asci, 13-21 x 40-54 µm, sporen 5-6 x 16-21 µm. host plants Iridaceae, monophagous Iris pseudacorus, pumila. synonyms Mycosphaerella iridis (Auerswald) Schröter, 1894. references Brandenburger (1985a: 741).

Botrytis convoluta Whetzel & Drayton, 1932 on Iris parasite Grey fungal down on rotting or shriveled rhizomes. Conidia 6-13 x 7-18 µm. host plants Iridaceae, monophagous Iris. references Brandenburger (1985a: 740).

Septoria gladioli Passerini, 1875 on Gladiolus, etc. parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 3-4 x 20-55 µm, 3-septate. host plants Iridaceae, oligophagous Crocus; Freesia; Gladiolus. references Brandenburger (1985a: 740).

Curvularia trifolii (Kauffman) Boedijn, 1933 on Gladiolus parasite Leaf spots with caespituli. Conidia curved, 12-6 x 23-38 µm, 3-septate, middle cells brown. host plants Iridaceae, monophagous Gladiolus. references Brandenburger (1985a: 739).

Botrytis gladiolorum Timmermans, 1941 on Gladiolus, etc. parasite Leaf spots with a grey fungal down. Conidia hyaline to light brown, 8-13 x 10-22 µm. host plants Iridaceae, oligophagous Freesia; Gladiolus; Tritonia. references Brandenburger (1985a: 739).

Ascochyta gladioli Traverso & Spessa, 1910 on Gladiolus parasite Stem spots with pycnidia. Conidia 3 x 12-15 µm. host plants Iridaceae, monophagous Gladiolus. references Brandenburger (1985a: 739).

Botrytis gladioli Klebahn, 1930 on Gladiolus parasite Spots at the base of the stem; here sclerotia and a grey fungal down. Conidia dark, 3-6 x 8-15 µm. host plants Iridaceae, monophagous Gladiolus. references Brandenburger (1985a: 739).

Stromatinia gladioli (Drayton) Whetzel, 1945 dry rot of gladiolus on Gladiolus, etc. parasite Leaf spots with black sclerotia. Asci 9 x 190-235 µm, spores 6-10 x 10-17 µm. host plants narrowly polyphagous Crocus; Galanthus; Gladiolus; Freesia; Tritonia. references Brandenburger (1985a: 738).

Phoma bulbicola Tassi, 1900 on Freesia parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 3 x 4-5 µm. host plants Iridaceae, monophagous Freesia. references Brandenburger (1985a: 738).

Septoria tami Westendorp, 1852 on Dioscorea parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. host plants Dioscoreaceae, monophagous Dioscorea. references Brandenburger (1985a: 737).

Phyllosticta tami Saccardo, 1878 on Dioscorea parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 3-4 x 7-8 µm. host plants Dioscoreaceae, monophagous Dioscorea. references Brandenburger (1985a: 737).

Ascochyta tami Hollós, 1926 on Dioscorea parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 3-4 x 8-10 µm, 0-1-septate. host plants Dioscoreaceae, monophagous Dioscorea. references Brandenburger (1985a: 737).

Cercospora scandens Saccardo & Winter, 1883 on Dioscorea parasite Leaf spots with amphigenous caespituli. Conidia 4-5 x 80-250 µm, obscurely 2-16-septate. host plants Dioscoreaceae, monophagous Dioscorea communis. references Brandenburger (1985a: 736), Poelt & Fritz-Schroeder (1983a), Unamuno (1943a).

Cercospora aragonensis Durrieu, 1964 on Dioscorea parasite Leaf spots with amphigenous caespituli. Conidia 3-4 x 65-155 µm, 4-12-septate. host plants Dioscoreaceae, monophagous Dioscorea. references Brandenburger (1985a: 736), Braun, Crous & Nakashima (2014a).

Fusarium subglutinans (Wollenweber & Reinking) Nelson, Toussoun & Marasas, 1983 on Narcissus parasite White fungal down on the flowers, starting at the anthers. Conidia 3-x 5 32-33 µµ, 3-5-septate. host plants Asparagaceae, monophagous Narcissus. references Brandenburger (1985a: 735).

Septoria narcissi Passerini, 1888 on Narcissus parasite Leaf spots with pycnidia. Conidia 3 x 18-20 µm, aseptate. host plants Asparagaceae, monophagous Narcissus. references Brandenburger (1985a: 735).