1a mine full depth; larva with sclerotised head; older larvae live free among spun leaves: Aproaerema anthyllidella

1b mine an upper- or lower-surfce corridor; larvae (maggots) remain all their life in the mine => 2

1c galls, etc => Tables for all parasites per species

2a puparium in the mine, in a, usually lower-surface, pupal chamber; frass in black granules: Chromatomyia horticola

2b pupation outside the mine => 3

3a frass in a broad, green band: Liriomyza congesta

3b frass in strings along the sides of the gallery: Liriomyza trifolii