{"id":14562,"date":"2017-05-27T14:21:12","date_gmt":"2017-05-27T14:21:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bladmineerders.nl\/fungi\/basidiomycota\/pucciniles-uredinales\/cronartium\/cronartium-flaccidum\/"},"modified":"2025-05-25T11:24:18","modified_gmt":"2025-05-25T09:24:18","slug":"cronartium-flaccidum","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/bladmineerders.nl\/en\/parasites\/fungi\/dikarya\/basidiomycota\/pucciniomycotina\/pucciniomycetes\/pucciniales\/pucciniales-incertae-sedis\/cronartiaceae\/cronartium\/cronartium-flaccidum\/","title":{"rendered":"Cronartium flaccidum"},"content":{"rendered":"

Cronartium flaccidum<\/em> (Albertini & Schweinitz) Winter, 1880<\/h1>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n


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on Pinus<\/em><\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n


\n<\/p>\n

gall<\/h3>\n

large swellings, 10-20 cm long of the younger branches, sometimes as thick as the branch itself, with large groups leaf-like, orange-yellow aecia, up to 7 mm large. The mycelium in the branches is systemic and lives for many years.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n


\n<\/p>\n

spermogonia, aecia<\/h3>\n

Pinaceae, monophagous<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Pinus<\/a> halepensis, mugo, nigra & subsp. laricio, pinaster, pinea, ponderosa, sylvestris.<\/p>\n


\n<\/p>\n

two-needled species.<\/p>\n


\n<\/p>\n


\n<\/p>\n

notes<\/h3>\n

Throughout Europe an important forestry pest.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\n


\n<\/p>\n

on dicotyledonous herbs<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

\n\"Cronartium
\n
\n<\/p>\n

Paeonia lactiflora<\/em>, Germany, Munich \u00a9 Paul Fontaine<\/p>\n

\n<\/p><\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n\"Cronartium
\n
\n<\/p>\n

Vincetoxicum hirundinaria<\/em>, Belgium, prov. Luxembourg, Tellin, Tienne des Vignes \u00a9 Carina Van Steenwinkel<\/p>\n

\n<\/p><\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n\"Cronartium
\n
\n<\/p>\n

detail<\/p>\n

\n<\/p><\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n\"Cronartium
\n
\n<\/p>\n

detail: the teliospores are already germinating<\/p>\n

\n<\/p><\/div>\n

<\/p>\n


\n<\/p>\n

gall<\/h3>\n

uredinia hypophyllous, up to 0.25 mm large warts, covered by a peridium that has a round pore; spores rotund-oval, up tp 30 \u00b5m long, finely spinulose. Telia develop within the uredinia; the teliospores are elliptic, 60 \u00b5m long; they stick together, and are squeezed out as a 1-2 mm long column.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n


\n<\/p>\n

uredinia, telia<\/h3>\n

herbs, strongly polyphagous<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Asclepias<\/a> incarnata, syriaca, tuberosa; Bartsia<\/a> alpina; Cynanchum<\/a> mongolicum, purpurascens; Delphinium<\/a> elatum; Euphrasia<\/a> nemorosa, stricta; Gentiana<\/a> asclepiadea, verna; Glandularia<\/a> laciniata, platensis; Impatiens<\/a> balsamina, glandulifera, parviflora; Loasa<\/a> lateritia, tricolor; Meconopsis<\/a> cambrica; Melampyrum<\/a> arvense, nemorosum, pratense, sylvaticum; Myosotis<\/a>; Nasa<\/a> triphylla; Nemesia<\/a> strumosa, versicolor; Odontites<\/a> vernus, vulgaris; Paeonia<\/a> anomala, arietina, lactiflora, mascula, mlokosewitschii, officinalis & subsp. microcarpa, peregrina, x suffruticosa, tenuifolia; Pedicularis<\/a> palustris, sceptrum-carolinum; Ruellia<\/a> elegans; Schizanthus<\/a> grahamii; Scyphanthus<\/a> stenocarpus; Tropaeolum<\/a> majus, minus, peregrinum, peltophorum; Verbena<\/a> hybrida, officinalis; Veronica<\/a> longifolia; Vincetoxicum<\/a> fuscatum, hirundinaria, nigrum, rehmanni, rossicum, scandens.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n


\n<\/p>\n

synonyms<\/h3>\n

Cronartium asclepiadeum<\/em> (Willdenow) Fries, 1815; ; C. gentianeum<\/em> von Th\u00fcmen, 1878.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n


\n<\/p>\n

hyperparasites<\/h3>\n

the aecia are parasitised by Cladosporium tenuissimum<\/a><\/em>, the uredinia by Ramularia uredinis<\/a><\/em>.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n


\n<\/p>\n

notes<\/h3>\n

in Arctic regions this species has a form the permanently lives in the aecia stage, without host alternation. The form has long been considered as an independent species, even genus, but a study by Kasanen has shown neither morphological nor genetic differences exist with C. flaccidum<\/em>: Peridermium pini<\/em> (Willdenow) L\u00e9veill\u00e9, 1826 = Cronartium pini<\/em> (Willdenow) J\u00f8rstad, 1925 = Endocronartium pini<\/em> (Willdenow) Hiratsuka, 1969.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

references<\/h3>\n

Bahcecioglu & Kabaktepe (2012a), Blumer (1946a), Brandenburger (1985a: 22, 494), Buhr (1965a), Dietrich (2013a, 2016b), Doppelbaur & Doppelbaur (1968a), Ellis & Ellis (1997a: 395, 439), Flores Pedauye, Melero Vara & Pall\u00e1s Benet (2010a), G\u00e4umann (1959a), Gonza\u0301lez-Fragoso (1925a), Henderson (2000a, 2004a), Jage, Klenke, Kruse oo (2016a), Jage, Kruse, Kummer ao (2013a), Jage, Scholler & Klenke (2010a), Kaitera & Hiltunen (2012a), Karadz\u030cic\u0301 & Milijas\u030cevic\u0301 (2008a), Kasanen (2001a), Klenke & Scholler (2015a), Koz\u0142owska, Mu\u0142enko & Heluta (2015a), Kruse (2014a, 2019a), Kummer (2009a), Kuz’michev, Sokolova & Kulikova (2001a), Llorens i Villagrasa (1984a), Ludwig (1974a), Maier, Begerow, Wei\u00df & Oberwinkler (2003a), Markov\u00e1 & Urban (1988a), Melgarejo N\u00e1rdiz, Garc\u00eda-Jim\u00e9nez, Jord\u00e1 Guti\u00e9rrez ao (2010a), Moricca, Ragazzi, Mitchelson & Assante (2001a), Poelt & Zwetko (1997a), Preece & Hick (1994a), Redfern & Shirley (2011a), Ruszkiewicz-Michalska (2006a), Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, Tkaczuk, Dynowska, ao (2012a), Scheuer & Bechter (2012a), Termorshuizen & Swertz (2011a), Roskam (2009a), Tomasi (2014a), Vanderweyen & Fraiture (2007a), Wilson & Henderson (1966a).<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cronartium flaccidum (Albertini & Schweinitz) Winter, 1880 on Pinus gall large swellings, 10-20 cm long of the younger branches, sometimes as thick as the branch itself, with large groups leaf-like, orange-yellow aecia, up to 7 mm large. The mycelium in the branches is systemic and lives for many years. spermogonia, aecia Pinaceae, monophagous Pinus halepensis, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":14561,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"parasite-species.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14562","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","category-parasite"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bladmineerders.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14562","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bladmineerders.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bladmineerders.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bladmineerders.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bladmineerders.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14562"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bladmineerders.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14562\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bladmineerders.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14561"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bladmineerders.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14562"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bladmineerders.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14562"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bladmineerders.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14562"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}