{"id":28613,"date":"2017-04-07T05:54:14","date_gmt":"2017-04-07T05:54:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bladmineerders.nl\/animalia\/arthropoda\/insecta\/lepidoptera\/gracillariidae\/gracillaria\/gracillaria-syringella\/"},"modified":"2021-08-24T12:05:44","modified_gmt":"2021-08-24T10:05:44","slug":"gracillaria-syringella","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/bladmineerders.nl\/en\/parasites\/animalia\/arthropoda\/insecta\/lepidoptera\/ditrysia\/gracillarioidea\/gracillariidae\/gracillariinae\/gracillaria\/gracillaria-syringella\/","title":{"rendered":"Gracillaria syringella"},"content":{"rendered":"

Gracillaria syringella<\/em> (Fabricius, 1794)<\/h1>\n

<\/p>\n

common slender<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

\"Gracillaria
\n
\n<\/p>\n

Syringa vulgaris<\/em>, Russia, Moscow region, Orekhovo-Zuevsky district, Topoliniy village 18.vi.20118 \u00a9 Andrey Ponomarev<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"Gracillaria
\n
\n<\/p>\n

young larvae in opened mine<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"Gracillaria
\n
\n<\/p>\n

older larva<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"Gracillaria
\n
\n<\/p>\n

leaf fold with cocoon<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"Gracillaria
\n
\n<\/p>\n

cocoon<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"Gracillaria
\n
\n<\/p>\n

pupa, dorsal<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"Gracillaria
\n
\n<\/p>\n

pupa, lateral<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"Gracillaria
\n
\n<\/p>\n

pupa, ventral<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"Gracillaria
\n
\n<\/p>\n

imago<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\n\"Gracillaria
\n
\n<\/p>\n

Ligustrum ovalifolium<\/em>: (old) mines and leaf rolls, Belgium, Li\u00e8ge, 9.ix.2009 \u00a9 Jean-Yves Baugn\u00e9e<\/p>\n

\n<\/p><\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n\"Gracillaria
\n
\n<\/p>\n

Ligustrum ovalifolium<\/em>, Nieuwendam, , 5.ix.2001<\/p>\n


\n<\/p>\n

\n\"Gracillaria
\n
\n<\/p>\n

Fraxinus excelsior<\/em>, Flevoland, Reve-Abbertbos, 24.ix.2016 \u00a9 Hans Jonkman<\/p>\n

\n<\/p><\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\"Gracillaria
\n
\n<\/p>\n

Fraxinus excelsior<\/em>, Arnhem, 6.ix.2001\n<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\n\"Gracillaria
\n
\n<\/p>\n

Syringa vulgaris<\/em>, Castricum, 25.v.2007: the lower-surface start of the mine<\/p>\n

\n<\/p><\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n\"Gracillaria
\n
\n<\/p>\n

same mine, at stronger magnification, to show the flimsy remnant of the egg shells<\/p>\n

\n<\/p><\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n\"Gracillaria
\n
\n<\/p>\n

Syringa vulgaris<\/em>, Belgi\u00eb, prov. Namen, Couvin, 30.v.2015 \u00a9 St\u00e9phane Claerebout<\/p>\n

\n<\/p><\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n\"Gracillaria
\n
\n<\/p>\n

egg shells and two initial galleries, that this time run separately.<\/p>\n

\n<\/p><\/div>\n

<\/p>\n


\n<\/p>\n

mine<\/h3>\n

The mine begins at a row of eggs along the midrib. The emerging larve form relatively broad, inconspicuous, lower-surface corridor. Subsequently a large, grey brown or greenish brown, very opaque upper-surface blotch is made, occupied by ten or more larvae. The mine makes the leaf somewhat bumpy, but the leaf does not fold around the mine, like in Caloptilia cuculipennella<\/em><\/a>. After some time the larva leave the mine and continue feeding, still communally, in a downwards rolled leaf.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n


\n<\/p>\n

hostplants<\/h3>\n

Oleaceae, oligophagous<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Chionanthus<\/a> virginicus; Forestiera<\/a> acuminta; Forsythia<\/a> x intermedia, suspensa, viridissima; Fraxinus<\/a> americana, angustifolia subsp. oxycarpa, anomala, excelsior, latifolia, nigra, oregona, ornus, quadrangulata, sogdiana; Jasminum<\/a> nudiflorum; Ligustrum<\/a> ibota, ovalifolium, vulgare; Osmanthus<\/a> x burkwoodii; Phillyrea<\/a> latifolia; Syringa<\/a> emodi, josikaea, komarowii, x persica, reticulata, tomentella subsp. sweginzowii, vulgaris.<\/p>\n


\n<\/p>\n

In Forsythia<\/em> the mines remain corridor-like, and the larvae die after the mines have grown to 1-2 cm (Buhr, 1935b, 1964a).<\/p>\n

Less often observed on Deutzia<\/a><\/em>, Diervilla<\/a><\/em> lonicera, Euonymus<\/a> europaeus, verrucosus<\/em>, Weigela<\/a> ‘Rosea’<\/em>. Zoerner (1975a) mentions a surprising observation on Magnolia<\/a><\/em>; Koll\u00e1r (2007a), Robbins (1991a), Sz\u0151cs (1977a), and Koll\u00e1r & Hrub\u00edk (2009a) add Sambucus<\/a> nigra<\/em>, Symphoricarpos<\/a><\/em>, and Viburnum<\/a><\/em>. In most cases this concerns xenophagy, and the larvae will not complete their development; only the large number of Caprifoliaceae suggests that here a real host plant relation may exist.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n


\n<\/p>\n

phenology<\/h3>\n

Larvae in June and August-September (Emmet, Watkinson & Wilson, 1985a).<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n


\n<\/p>\n

BENELUX<\/h3>\n

BE recorded (Phegea, 2009).<\/p>\n

NE recorded (Kuchlein & de Vos, 1999a; Microlepidoptera.nl, 2009); very common.<\/p>\n

LUX recorded (Fauna Europaea, 2009).<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n


\n<\/p>\n

distribution within Europe<\/h3>\n

Entire Europe, except the Balkan Peninsula (Fauna Europaea, 2009).<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n


\n<\/p>\n

larve<\/a><\/h3>\n

<\/p>\n


\n<\/p>\n

pupa<\/h3>\n

Described by Pato\u010dka & Tur\u010d\u00e1ni (2005a). The pupa mostly in the leaf rol, in a fold, and protected by a parchment-like sheet (Tymo Muus, pers. comm.)<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n


\n<\/p>\n

synonyms<\/h3>\n

Caloptilia, Xanthospilapteryx syringella; Gracillaria anastomosis<\/em> Haworth, 1928.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n


\n<\/p>\n

notes<\/h3>\n

Can cause considerable damage in gardens and ornamental crops, especially in Lilacs.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

references<\/h3>\n

Ahr (1966a), Baldizzone (2004a), Bengtsson & Johansson (2011a), Beiger (1979a), Biesenbaum (2010a), SCS Brown (1947a), Buhr (1935a,b, 1937a, 1964a), Buszko (1992b), Cs\u00f3ka (2003a), Deschka & Wimmer (2000a), Deutschmann (2008a), Dr\u0103ghia (1971a), Emmet, Watkinson & Wilson (1985a), van Frankenhuyzen & Houtman (1972a), van Frankenhuyzen Houtman & Kabos (1982a), Fulmek (1910b), Haase (1942a), Hering (1926b, 1930b, 1931-32f, 1932b, 1934c, 1957a), Huber (1969a), Huemer (2012a), Jaworski (2009a), Kasy (1965a), Kiziroglu (1976a), Klimesch (1950c), Koll\u00e1r (2007a), Koll\u00e1r & Hrub\u00edk (2009a), Kozlov & Kullberg (2010a), Kvi\u010dala (1938a), Leutsch (2011a), Lhomme (1934c), Ma\u010dek (1999a), Mato\u0161evi\u0107, Pernek, Dubravac & Bari\u0107 (2009a), Michalska (1970a, 1972a, 1976a), Nowakowski (1954a), Opheim (1977a), Pato\u010dka & Tur\u010d\u00e1ni (2005a), Robbins (1991a), Sefrov\u00e1 (2005a), Skala (1941a), S\u00f8nderup (1949a), Stammer (2016a), Star\u00fd (1930a), Stolnicu (2007a, 2008a), Sz\u0151cs (1977a, 1978a, 1981a), Tomov & Krusteva (2007a), Ureche (2010a), Zoerner (1969a, 1975a).<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Gracillaria syringella (Fabricius, 1794) common slender Syringa vulgaris, Russia, Moscow region, Orekhovo-Zuevsky district, Topoliniy village 18.vi.20118 \u00a9 Andrey Ponomarev young larvae in opened mine older larva leaf fold with cocoon cocoon pupa, dorsal pupa, lateral pupa, ventral imago Ligustrum ovalifolium: (old) mines and leaf rolls, Belgium, Li\u00e8ge, 9.ix.2009 \u00a9 Jean-Yves Baugn\u00e9e Ligustrum ovalifolium, Nieuwendam, , […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":28611,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"parasite-species.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-28613","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","category-parasite"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bladmineerders.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/28613","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bladmineerders.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bladmineerders.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bladmineerders.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bladmineerders.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28613"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bladmineerders.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/28613\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bladmineerders.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/28611"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bladmineerders.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28613"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bladmineerders.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28613"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bladmineerders.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28613"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}