<\/p>\n
Incl. x Crataemespilus<\/em>.<\/p>\n 1a<\/strong> mine in fallen leaves: Neocoenorrhinus pauxillus<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n 1b<\/strong> round excisions, 3-4 mm diam.: Incurvaria masculella<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n 1c<\/strong> tentiform mine, > 1 cm => 2<\/p>\n 1d<\/strong> small, < 1 cm, blotch or corridor => 6<\/p>\n 1e<\/strong> blotch, > 1 cm, without recognisable preceding corridor => 14<\/p>\n 1f<\/strong> corridor, > 1 cm, not strongly widened as the end => 20<\/p>\n 1g<\/strong> corridor, > 1 cm, strongly widened at the end, or forming a secondary blotch => 22<\/p>\n 1h<\/strong> fleck mine => 29<\/p>\n 1i<\/strong> galls, etc => Tables for all parasites per species<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/p>\n 2a<\/strong> mine upper-surface, silvery => 3<\/p>\n 2b<\/strong> mine lower-surface => 4<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/p>\n 3a<\/strong> fully developed mine silvery white, without black speckles: Phyllonorycter leucographella<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n 3b<\/strong> fully developed mine dirty white because of numerous black speckles: Phyllonorycter corylifoliella<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/p>\n 4a<\/strong> lower epidermis brownish, wrinkled but not strongly folded; mine roundish, in a leaf lobe: Parornix anglicella<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n 4b<\/strong> lower epidermis yellow-green, strongly folded; mine elongated along the leaf margin or between two veins => 5<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/p>\n 5a<\/strong> pupa grey-brown, without, or in a very thin, yellow cocoon (very common on Hawthorn): Phyllonorycter oxyacanthae<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n 5b<\/strong> pupa reddish-brown or yellowish, in a white cocoon:Phyllonorycter mespilella<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/p>\n 6a<\/strong> drop- or pear-shaped blotch, for its greatest part filled with frass => 7<\/p>\n 6b<\/strong> not this shape, or not that much frass => 8<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/p>\n 7a<\/strong> larvae in May-June: Rhamphus subaeneus<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n 7b<\/strong> larvae in September-October: Rhamphus oxyacanthae<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/p>\n 8a<\/strong> very clear corridor or blotch of max. 3 mm, often several in a leaf => 9<\/p>\n 8b<\/strong> mine less transparent and\/or larger; no more than 1 in a leaf => 11<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/p>\n 9a<\/strong> larva cuts upper and lower epidermis out of the mine, and drops to the ground: Incurvaria masculella<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n 9b<\/strong> larva doesn’t make an excision => 10<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/p>\n 10a<\/strong> larva: head golden brown: Paraswammerdamia nebulella<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n 10b<\/strong> head black with brown and white lines: Scythropia crataegella<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/p>\n 11a<\/strong> sides of the mine eaten out irregularly; mine often branched: Recurvaria nanella<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n 11b<\/strong>sides smooth; mine usually unbranched => 12<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/p>\n 12a<\/strong> mine with much frass; a hooklike corridor, mostly in a vein axil: Bucculatrix bechsteinella<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n 12b<\/strong> mine with little or no frass; irregularly shaped => 13<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/p>\n 13a<\/strong> larva: pinacula colourless (the bases of the setae themselves are black) : Cnephasia incertana<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n 13b<\/strong> pinacula black: Cnephasia asseclana<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/p>\n 14a<\/strong> mine lower-surface, grey, later brown: youth mine of Parornix anglicella<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n 14b<\/strong> mine upper-surface, silvery, elongated, positioned over a thick vein: youth mine of Phyllonorycter corylifoliella<\/em><\/a> or Ph. leucographella<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n 14c<\/strong> mine full depth => 15<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/p>\n 15a<\/strong> oviposition site (usually at the tip of a leaf lobe) covered by a shining black drop of dried secretion: Trachys minutus<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n 15b<\/strong> no such drop => 16<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/p>\n 16a<\/strong> mine triangular, between midrib and a lateral vein; frass warm-brown: Stigmella perpygmaeella<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n 16b<\/strong> mine round or irregular, frass grey or black => 17<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/p>\n 17a<\/strong> larva (always present) pear-shaped: Rhamphus oxyacanthae<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n 17b<\/strong> larva (if present) slender => 18<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/p>\n 18a<\/strong> mine an irregular blotch; elsewhere on the leaf, or on neighbouring leaves, long slender galleries with a central frass line: Lyonetia prunifoliella<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n 18b<\/strong> circular blotch; not associated with gallery mines => 19<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/p>\n 19a<\/strong> mine in the centre of the leaf; frass in concentric circles: Leucoptera malifoliella<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n 19b<\/strong> mine in a leaf lobe; frass concentrated in the centre, not in circles: Stigmella paradoxa<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/p>\n 20a<\/strong> corridor begins at a shining globular egg shell; frass coiled: Stigmella oxyacanthella<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n 20b<\/strong> no egg shell; frass in a narrow central line => 21<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/p>\n 21a<\/strong> elsehwere on the leaf, or on leaves nearby, large, full depth blotch mines (sometimes connected to the corridor): Lyonetia prunifoliella<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n 21b<\/strong> no associated blotch mines: Lyonetia clerkella<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/p>\n 22a<\/strong> frass in the widened part of the mine, at least partly, coiled; frass warm-brown => 23<\/p>\n 22b<\/strong> frass in the widened part of the mine not coiled, black or brown-black (frass may be reddish-brown in the initial corridor, and be coiled there) => 24<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/p>\n 23a<\/strong> mine triangular, between two lateral veins, or between a lateral vein and the leaf margin; initial corridor largely overrun by the secondary blotch; larva yellow: Stigmella perpygmaeella<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n 23b<\/strong> mine tresspassing over the lateral veins, initial corridor not overrun; larva green: Stigmella crataegella<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/p>\n 24a<\/strong> mine begins upon the petiole => 25<\/p>\n 24b<\/strong> mine begins in the leaf blade => 26<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/p>\n 25a<\/strong> frass in the entire mine brown-black or black; larva whitish: Ectoedemia atricollis<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n 25b<\/strong> frass red-brown in the initial corridor, black in the secondary blotch; larva yellow: Stigmella regiella<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/p>\n 26a<\/strong> initial corrior wholly or largely free from the leaf margin, with black frass; larva with pale brown head => 27<\/p>\n 26b<\/strong> initial corridor follows the leaf margin for most of its length; frass there brown or black => 28<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/p>\n 27a<\/strong> Eastern Mediterranean species on Crataegus azarolus<\/em>: Stigmella azaroli<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n 27b<\/strong> pan-European species on different Hawthorn species: Stigmella hybnerella<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/p>\n 28a<\/strong> in the initial corridor the frass is black; if the first part of the corridor is free from the leaf margin it twists around the oviposition spot; larva whitish with black-brown head: Ectoedemia atricollis<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n 28b<\/strong> in the initial corridor the frass is brown; initial corridor not twisted; larva yellow with pale brown head: Stigmella regiella<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/p>\n(For a dichotomous table for galls on Crataegus<\/em> by Hans Roskam click here<\/a>)<\/p>\n
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Dichotomous table for leafminers<\/h2>\n