{"id":719786,"date":"2020-05-01T06:46:37","date_gmt":"2020-05-01T04:46:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bladmineerders.nl\/backgrounds\/specials\/gallers-on-thalictrum\/"},"modified":"2023-11-18T14:29:05","modified_gmt":"2023-11-18T13:29:05","slug":"gallers-on-thalictrum","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/bladmineerders.nl\/en\/host-plants\/plantae\/spermatopsida\/angiosperma\/eudicots\/ranunculales\/ranunculaceae\/thalictroideae\/thalictrum\/gallers-on-thalictrum\/","title":{"rendered":"gallers on genus Thalictrum"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dichotomous table for gallers on Thalictrum<\/em><\/h2>\n

by Hans Roskam<\/p>\n

\n

1a<\/strong> On plant parts above ground => 2<\/p>\n

1b<\/strong> Roots with slender spindle-shaped swellings, up to 5 mm long. T. aquilegiifolium, simplex: Meloidogyne hapla<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n

2a<\/strong> On inflorescences, flowers or fruits => 17<\/p>\n

2b<\/strong> On stems, shoots and leaves => 3<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n

3a<\/strong> Malformations mainly on stem, or usually involving many severely stunted leaves, clustered at shoot tips, or extending over many leaflets of largely disfigured leaves => 12<\/p>\n

3b<\/strong> Galls mostly on unfolded leaves; locally restricted, usually wart- or spindle-shaped. Caused by fungi => 4<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n

4a<\/strong> Galls several mm long, in the leaf blades \u00b1 rotund, protruding on underside; on leaf veins, -midrib, -stalk, or flower parts spindle-shaped to oblong-oval. Bulges with sori of black telia or with densely positioned, yellowish aecia => 5<\/p>\n

4b<\/strong> Galls wart-shaped, multi-cellular, up to 1 mm long, golden-yellow; single or \u00b1 coalescing, usually on underside of basal leaves, also on axis, stalks and basal stem parts. T. alpinum, flavum, lucidum, simplex, squarrosum: Synchytrium aureum<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n

5a<\/strong> Bulges on leaves usually downwardly arched and predominantly only there bearing aecia; on upper side usually \u00b1 depressed, partially bearing spermogonia, often \u00b1 crimson to violet-red margined => 6<\/p>\n

5b<\/strong> Sori on leaf underside, also on stem; of variable size, often conspicuous, slightly arched, black, weakly glossy, compact. T. alpinum: Puccinia rhytismoides<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n

6a<\/strong> Aecia densely positioned, in smaller or larger groups on underside of \u00b1 arched bulges. Several, especially biologically different rust fungi, alternating on grasses, indistinguishable by their galls and usually also by the microscopic morphology of their aecia => 8<\/p>\n

6b<\/strong> Aecia positioned loosely => 7<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n

7a<\/strong> Aecia positioned on expanded, thickened, often dark violet discoloured spots, usually on both sides. Peridium usually with deflected border. Spermogonia develop rarely. T. alpinum: Puccinia septentrionalis<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

=<\/strong> On same host, with similar distribution, alternating on Agrostis<\/em>, the rust fungus Puccinia recondita<\/a><\/em> develops only in low number (8\u201312) in dense groups on underside leaf; aecia occur on discoloured, not noticeably thickened spots.<\/p>\n

7b<\/strong> Aecia on often yellow-brown discoloured, hardly swollen leaf spots, protruding on underside, associated with honey-coloured spermogonia, developing on both sides. Peridium cup-shaped, with deflected, lacerate border. T. foetidum: Puccinia thalictri-koeleriae<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n

8a<\/strong> Frequent fungi with aecia on several Thalictrum<\/em> species => 11<\/p>\n

8b<\/strong> More locally recorded fungi, which develop aecia on only a few species => 9<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n

9a<\/strong> Aecia with several Thalictrum<\/em> species as main host => 10<\/p>\n

9b<\/strong> Aecia on T. foetidum<\/em> as main host; in rounded groups on leaf underside, also occurring on fruits and in elongated patches on disfigured leaf midrib, -stalk and stem. Peridium cup-shaped or \u00b1 cylindrical, with lacerate white border: Puccinia thalictri-distichophylli<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n

10a<\/strong> Aecia with cup-shaped or funnel- to tube-shaped peridium, at maturity with deflected, \u00b1 frayed border. T. aquilegiifolium, foetidum, minus: Puccinia poae-nemoralis<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

10b<\/strong> Aecia not further described, on T. aquilegiifolium, minus: Puccinia elymi<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n

11a<\/strong> Aecia in smaller or larger groups on slightly thickened spots, often violet-brown on upperside, on underside yellowish and usually brown-bordered. Peridium cup-shaped, with deflected, frayed border. Thalictrum spp.: Puccinia alternans<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

11b<\/strong> Aecia and the often conspicuous spermogonia, positioned in a circle, usually developing on upperside on often distinctly swollen pads. Peridium whitish or yellowish with deflected, irregularly serrate or slightly fringed border. T. flavum, minus, simplex: Puccinia recondita species complex<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n

12a<\/strong> Differently furnished malformations caused by animal parasites => 14<\/p>\n

12b<\/strong> Malformations bearing early brown sori or exhibiting at first \u00b1 lead-grey bulges, with dusting of black spores later on => 13<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n

13a<\/strong> Lead-grey swollen bulges, occurring on the often largely stunted leaf blades especially on venation protruding on both sides, often also on the \u00b1 bent leaf-midrib, -stalk, on stems and even flower parts. At first closed, later on erupting and with black dusting. Thalictrum spp.: Urocystis sorosporioides<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

13b<\/strong> Mycelium perennial, the developing host organs changing considerably. Shoots with lanky, elongated internodes, developing faster than normal ones. Leaf axis squat, leaf blade narrower and pale, diseased parts bearing many dark-brown telia. Thalictrum spp.: Tranzschelia anemones<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n

14a<\/strong> Mainly curling or slightly swollen malformations of \u00b1 stunted leaves => 15<\/p>\n

14b<\/strong> Leaflets curled, margin folded upwards, forming a subglobular gall of variable size. Containing several reddish larvae. T. speciosissimum: Dasineura bragancae<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n

15a<\/strong> Malformations not conspicuously pubescent => 16<\/p>\n

15b<\/strong> Up to 10 mm long, bud-like clustering of markedly stunted, \u00b1 whitish haired leaves on tips of main- and side shoots or in stunted axillary buds on the longitudinal growth. Larvae glossy red. T. aquilegiifolium, flavum, minus, simplex: Jaapiella thalictri<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n

16a<\/strong> Malformations of terminal leaves and possibly of neighbouring inflorescences caused by midges or aphids => 17<\/p>\n

16b<\/strong> Leaf blades of usually basal leaves on the \u00b1 stunted midrib converging. Leaflets shortened, mostly spoon-like, converging, thickened, strongly rugose and curled. T. flexuosum, minus: Phyllocoptes jaapi<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

16c<\/strong> A few internodes of apical part of stem stunted, bent when infestation is one-sided. Leaves and sometimes stem of the similarly stunted and disfigured inflorescence variously clustered. Leaf blades \u00b1 converging, curved and curled, dark green close to infestation site. Thalictrum spp.: Philaenus spumarius<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n

17a<\/strong> On inflorescences or single flowers => 18<\/p>\n

17b<\/strong> Fruit distinctly swollen, globular or acuminated, egg-shaped, up to 5 mm long, seeds absent; wall succulent, thickened; gall in dry condition ribbed. Containing one or two yellow larvae. T. aquilegiifolium, flavum, lucidum, minus incl. subsp . majus, simplex, speciosissimum: Ametrodiplosis thalictricola<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n

18a<\/strong> Malformation of inflorescence or galls on single or clustered flowers; caused by animal inducers => 19<\/p>\n

18b<\/strong> Expanded or localised malformations in the axis of the panicle, flower peduncles or perianth leaves caused by fungi => 5<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n

19a<\/strong> Single flowers globularly swollen, stamens and especially anthers little developed; sometimes on shortened stalks and axis of panicle with several clustered in the otherwise normally flowering or already fruiting inflorescences. Larvae glossy red. T. aquilegiifolium, flavum, minus, simplex: Jaapiella thalictri<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

19b<\/strong> Inflorescence markedly stunted, densely occupied by disfigured, \u00b1 greened flowers. T. aquilegiifolium, alpinum, delavayi, flavum, lucidum, minus: Aphis thalictri<\/a><\/em> <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dichotomous table for gallers on Thalictrum by Hans Roskam 1a On plant parts above ground => 2 1b Roots with slender spindle-shaped swellings, up to 5 mm long. T. aquilegiifolium, simplex: Meloidogyne hapla 2a On inflorescences, flowers or fruits => 17 2b On stems, shoots and leaves => 3 3a Malformations mainly on stem, or […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":33668,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-719786","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","category-host-plant-genus-galler"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bladmineerders.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/719786","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bladmineerders.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bladmineerders.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bladmineerders.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bladmineerders.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=719786"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bladmineerders.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/719786\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bladmineerders.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/33668"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bladmineerders.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=719786"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bladmineerders.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=719786"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bladmineerders.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=719786"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}