“head” in dorsal view, with the anterior spiracula.

rear spiracula, lateral

mandible, lateral

Heracleum sphondylium, Amsterdam, larva cleared in chloralphenol: mandibles and cephalic skeleton, with the anterior process of the upper rear arm which is characteristic for the family. The small “saw” below the mandibles is no part of them, but is a chitinised enforcement of the lateral margin of the opening of the buccal cavity.

28.xii.2007