gallers on genus Sedum

1a On parts above ground => 2

1b Roots with several spindle- or barrel-shaped swellings, up to 6 mm long, 4 mm broad, which bear several side roots. Hylotelephium telephium; Rhodiola rosea; Sedum acre: Meloidogyne hapla

2a Malformations restricted to single shoots or organs => 3

2b All or extensive parts of plant, especially stem, leaves and flowers, with many, glabrous wart-like protrusions, up to 2 mm. Inflorescences often transformed into ball-like clustered curly malformations. Rhodiola rosea: Aceria rhodiolae

3a Extensive malformations on single shoots, shoot tips or locally ± confined malformations on leaves => 6

3b Galls on shoot axis => 4

4a Causer located inside gall => 5

4b Stem locally ± stunted, bulging, sometimes distorted, often with several rotund-oval, rimmed depressions which contain a flat froth-covered nymph. Hylotelephium telephium: Planchonia arabidis

5a Stem often with expanded swelling, up to even 50 mm long, irregularly bulging, up to 10 mm broad, containing many larvae often in several cavities. Hylotelephium telephium: Pericartiellus telephii

5b Strong swelling of axis in upper part of inflorescence. Containing a single whitish larva. Hylotelephium telephium: Apion sp.

6a Rather extensive malformations on shoots, shoot tips => 10

6b More or less localised malformations on leaves, petioles and sometimes simultaneously on stems => 7

7a Often only weak, rarely strongly protruding, swellings caused by fungi => 9

7b Localised swellings caused by beetle larvae => 8

8a Acuminated, egg-shaped or rotund one-chambered galls, up to 5 mm long, sometimes inconspicuous on leaves, sometimes also on the receptacle. Each gall containing a single larva. S. acre, album, forsterianum, rupestre: Pericartiellus flavidus

8b Stem, petioles or main veins with irregular, ± elongated swellings. Containing a single larva. Hylotelephium maximum, telephium; Sedum acre, album, rupestre, sexangulare: Aizobius sedi

9a Stem or leaves sometimes with slightly thickened densely arranged sori containing small black-brown teliospores. S. dasyphyllum subsp. glanduliferum, forsterianum, hirsutum, sediforme: Puccinia sedi

9b Similar, usually non-cecidogenic sori with easily dropping teliospores on Rhodiola rosea: Puccinia umbilici

10a Malformations caused by animals => 12

10b Malformations caused by fungi fruiting at surface => 11

11a Mycelium usually permeating all leaves of a shoot and develops on variously disfigured stems and leaves spermogonia as well as, on both leaf sides, depressed solitary, honey-yellow aecia. Hylotelephium maximum, telephium; Sedum spp.: Puccinia longissima

11b Similar infestation. Bulges often crimson margined. Aecia differ distinctly from previous species by usually densely arranged long cylindrical cups. Hylotelephium sediforme, telephiun; Sedum album, rupestre: Puccinia australis

12a Malformations caused by aphids or spittlebugs => 13

12b Malformations caused by mites. Shoot tips variously disfigured, not abnormally pubescent. Sedum spp.: Aceria destructor and/or Cecidophyes glaber

13a tem stunted and distorted on one side. Leaves inserted there clustered, leaf blades arched and ± curled, locally deep green. Sedum spp.: Philaenus spumarius

13b Leaves clustered on shoot tip which is stunted on all sides, deflected over their tip; leaf blades at margin ± bent downwards. Hylotelephium spp.; Sedum spp.: Aphis sedi

= On Rhodiola rosea, galling has been reported by Brachycaudus sedi