Dryopteris male-fern
incl. Lastrea, Nephrodium.
(For a dichotomous table for galls on Dryopteris by Hans Roskam click here)Dichotomous table for leafminers
1a leaf tip rolled in: Chirosia betuleti
1b mine lower in the leaf, leaf remains flat => 2
1c galls, etc => Tables for all parasites per species
Dichotomous table for leafminers
1a leaf tip rolled in: Chirosia betuleti
1b mine lower in the leaf, leaf remains flat => 2
1c galls, etc => Tables for all parasites per species
2a mine in midrib and/or petiole (occurrence on this hostplant uncertain): Heptamelus ochroleucus
2b blotch mine in the leaf disk => 3
3a larva with recognisable head and feet, normally not a miner: Psychoides filicivora
3b larva a maggot, obligate miner: Chirosia histricina