organ | parasitic mode | stage | note | taxonomic group | parasite |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
root | film | Peronosporaceae | Phytophthora cryptogea | ||
root | film | Ceratocystidaceae | Berkeleyomyces basicola | ||
leaf | leaf spot | Pleosporaceae | Alternaria penicillata | ||
systemic | down | Sclerotiniaceae | Botrytis cinerea | ||
stem | leaf spot | Nectriaceae | Fusarium equiseti | ||
root | film | Platygloeales | Helicobasidium purpureum | ||
leaf | leaf spot | Pleosporaceae | Alternaria papaveris | ||
leaf | leaf spot | Mycosphaerellaceae | Septoria rhoeadis | ||
fruit | down | Pleosporaceae | Macrosporium papaveris | ||
root | gall | Olpidiaceae | Olpidium brassicae | ||
root | film | Plectosphaerellaceae | Verticillium albo-atrum | ||
root | film | Plectosphaerellaceae | Verticillium dahliae | ||
systemic | pustule | Sclerotiniaceae | Sclerotinia sclerotiorum | ||
leaf | vagrant | Lygaeidae | Brachyplax tenuis | ||
leaf | vagrant | Lygaeidae | Brachyplax tenuis | ||
leaf | vagrant | Lygaeidae | Brachyplax tenuis | ||
fruit | vagrant | Lygaeidae | Spilostethus saxatilis | ||
root collar | vagrant | doubtful | Miridae | Capsus ater | |
leaf | vagrant | Lygaeidae | Brachyplax tenuis | ||
flower | vagrant | rarely | Miridae | Closterotomus trivialis | |
leaf | vagrant | Pentatomidae | Carpocoris mediterraneus | ||
leaf | vagrant | Miridae | Adelphocoris lineolatus | ||
leaf | vagrant | Miridae | Opisthotaenia fulvipes | ||
leaf | vagrant | Pentatomidae | Dolycoris baccarum | ||
stem | borer | Cerambycidae | Agapanthia papaverina | ||
stem | borer | Cerambycidae | Parmena pubescens | ||
leaf | vagrant | Noctuidae | Mamestra brassicae | ||
stem | borer | doubtful | Cerambycidae | Opsilia molybdaena | |
leaf | vagrant | Noctuidae | Amphipyra tragopoginis | ||
leaf | vagrant | Lasiocampidae | Lasiocampa trifolii | ||
unknown | unknown | Curculionidae | Neoglocianus smyrnensis | ||
fruit | borer | Kateretidae | Brachyleptus auripubens | ||
fruit | borer | Kateretidae | Brachyleptus aurosus | ||
fruit | borer | Kateretidae | Brachyleptus quadratus | ||
fruit | borer | Kateretidae | Brachyleptus discolor | ||
fruit | vagrant | Cimbicidae | Corynis similis | ||
flower | hidden | Thripidae | Thrips atratus | ||
leaf | miner | younger larva | Tortricidae | Cnephasia asseclana | |
leaf | hidden | older larva | Tortricidae | Cnephasia asseclana | |
flower | hidden | Thripidae | Frankliniella intonsa | ||
root collar | borer | larva | Curculionidae | Stenocarus cardui | |
root collar | borer | larva | Curculionidae | Ethelcus denticulatus | |
fruit | borer | larva | Curculionidae | Neoglocianus albovittatus | |
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Chromatomyia horticola | ||
leaf | vagrant | Aphididae | Aulacorthum solani | ||
unknown | vagrant | Aphididae | Acyrthosiphon ilka | ||
leaf | vagrant | Aphididae | Aphis gossypii | ||
leaf | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Aphis fabae solanella | |
stem | vagrant | Aphididae | Aphis craccivora | ||
root | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Rectinasus buxtoni | |
leaf | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Aphis fabae fabae | |
systemic | borer | Anguinidae | Ditylenchus dipsaci | ||
fruit | borer | Cecidomyiidae | Dasineura papaveris | ||
fruit | gall | Curculionidae | Neoglocianus maculaalba | ||
fruit | gall | Cynipidae | Aylax minor | ||
fruit | gall | Cynipidae | Aylax papaveris | ||
fruit | gall | Cynipidae | Barbotinia oraniensis | ||
flower | gall | Cynipidae | Iraella hispanica | ||
leaf | down | Erysiphales | Erysiphe cruciferarum | ||
leaf | down | Erysiphales | Golovinomyces orontii | ||
leaf | down | Erysiphales | Leveillula taurica | ||
leaf | down | Peronosporales | Peronospora apula | ||
leaf | down | Peronosporales | Peronospora arborescens | ||
leaf | down | Peronosporales | Peronospora argemones | ||
leaf | down | Peronosporales | Peronospora cristata | ||
leaf | down | Peronosporales | Peronospora meconopsidis | ||
leaf | down | Peronosporales | Peronospora somniferi | ||
leaf | leaf spot | Entylomatales | Entyloma fuscum | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Chromatomyia horticola | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Liriomyza strigata | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Liriomyza xanthocera | ||
leaf | miner | Curculionidae | Stenocarus ruficornis | ||
leaf | miner | Ephydridae | Hydrellia griseola | ||
leaf | pustule | aecia | Pucciniales | Melampsora magnusiana | |
leaf | pustule | aecia | Pucciniales | Melampsora populnea | |
leaf | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Aphis fabae | |
leaf | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Aphis fabae fabae | |
stem | borer | Cecidomyiidae | Karshomyia caulicola | ||
stem | borer | Cynipidae | Iraella luteipes | ||
root collar | gall | rarely | Cynipidae | Iraella ionescui | |
root collar | gall | doubtful | Plasmodiophorales | Plasmodiophora brassicae | |
root | gall | Heteroderidae | Heterodera schachtii | ||
root | gall | Meloidogynidae | Meloidogyne hapla | ||
predator | Cecidomyiidae | Lestodiplosis callida | |||
stem | vagrant | doubtful | Aphididae | Macrosiphum stellariae | |
leaf | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Myzus persicae | |
leaf | vagrant | Aphididae | Macrosiphum euphorbiae |
Organ
the part of the plant that most conspicuously is hit by the parasiteall buds: both flower buds and leaf buds
flower: also inflorescence
leaf: also needle, phyllodium, petiole
leaf bud: also unfolding young leaf
fruit: also seed
root: also root stock, runners
root collar: also the lowest part of the stem
stem: also culm, the lower part of the peduncle, in grasses also leaf sheath
systemic: the entire above-ground plant.
PARASITIC MODE
borer: larva living internally, almost no outwards signsdown: 0.5-2 mm high fungal down
film: very thin cover of fungal tussue
gall: swelling and/or malformation
grazer: feeding at the outside of the plant
leaf spot: discoloured, often ± necrotic, generally not galled, sign of a fungus infection
miner-borer: larve initially makes a mine, lives as a borer later
pustule: plug of fungal tissue, generally brown-black and < 2 mm
stripe: longitudinal line of fungal tissue in a grass leaf
vagrant: (aphids, mites) living freely on the plant, at higher densitiy causing malformations.
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IMPORTANT
The host plant spectre of a parasite is rarely known exhaustively; this applies in particular at the species level. It is advisable therefore to check at least also the list of all parasites of this genus.