Cicuta cowbane
Dichotomous table for leafminers
1a corridor < 1 cm long, full depth; larva with feet and chitinised head => 2
1b mine longer, upper-surface, larva a maggot => 3
1c galls, etc => Tables for all parasites per species
2a larvae laterally with a bright yellow length line: Depressaria daucella
2b larvae more or less uniformly coloured: Epermenia chaerophyllella
3a corridor mine => 4
3b blotch mine, may start with a short and wide corridor => 6
4a corridor short, initial ppart lower-surface, later upper-surface; exit slit in upper epidermis: Phytomyza cicutae
4b corridor several cm long, fully upper-surface; exit slit in lower epidermis => 5
5a corridor follows the leaf margin; frass partly in pearl chains: Phytomyza virosae
5b corridor free in the leaf; frass usually in isolated grains: Phytomyza pastinacae
6a large blotch with conspicuous primary and secondary feeding lines; larva: rear spiracula with 3 papilla: Euleia heraclei
6b small blotch without apparent feeding lines; rear spiracula with >3 papillae => 7
7a mine small, upper-surface throughout, usually in the tip of a leaf segment; frass in black lumps: Phytomyza cicutivora
7b mine larger. usually with some full depth patches; frass in grains, locally pearl chains: Phytomyza mylini