organ | parasitic mode | stage | note | taxonomic group | parasite |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
leaf | vagrant | Cicadellidae | Eupteryx aurata | ||
unknown | unknown | Curculionidae | Liparus glabrirostris | ||
root | vagrant | Curculionidae | Liophloeus tessulatus | ||
root | borer | Syrphidae | Cheilosia pagana | ||
leaf | vagrant | Chrysomelidae | Oreina alpestris | ||
leaf | vagrant | Chrysomelidae | Oreina ganglbaueri | ||
leaf | vagrant | Chrysomelidae | Phaedon tumidulus | ||
leaf | vagrant | Tenthredinidae | Tenthredo moniliata | ||
flower | hidden | Thripidae | Thrips vulgatissimus | ||
leaf | vagrant | Tenthredinidae | Tenthredo mesomela | ||
leaf | hidden | Depressariidae | Agonopterix angelicella | ||
leaf | hidden | Depressariidae | Agonopterix ciliella | ||
leaf | hidden | Depressariidae | Agonopterix heracliana | ||
flower | hidden | Depressariidae | Agonopterix caucasiella | ||
unknown | unknown | Tortricidae | Aethes kasyi | ||
flower | hidden | Epermeniidae | Phaulernis dentella | ||
flower | hidden | Epermeniidae | Phaulernis fulviguttella | ||
leaf | hidden | Unknown code! | Epermeniidae | Epermenia illigerella | |
flower | borer | Epermeniidae | Epermenia farreni | ||
flower | hidden | Elachistidae | Depressaria radiella | ||
flower | hidden | Tortricidae | Epinotia thapsiana | ||
leaf | hidden | Elachistidae | Depressaria discipunctella | ||
leaf | hidden | Elachistidae | Depressaria sordidatella | ||
flower | hidden | Elachistidae | Depressaria heydenii | ||
flower | hidden | Elachistidae | Depressaria depressana | ||
fruit | borer | Tortricidae | Pammene aurana | ||
flower | hidden | Tortricidae | Pammene gallicana | ||
leaf | miner | younger larva | Tortricidae | Cnephasia asseclana | |
leaf | hidden | older larva | Tortricidae | Cnephasia asseclana | |
leaf | hidden | Tortricidae | Cnephasia incertana | ||
leaf | miner | younger larva | Tortricidae | Cnephasia stephensiana | |
leaf | hidden | older larva | Tortricidae | Cnephasia stephensiana | |
fruit | vagrant | Tortricidae | Aethes dilucidana | ||
leaf | leaf spot | Capnodiales | Ramularia heraclei | ||
root | borer | Syrphidae | Cheilosia illustrata | ||
root | borer | larva | Curculionidae | Calosirus apicalis | |
stem | borer | larva | doubtful | Curculionidae | Lixus bardanae |
stem | miner | Cecidomyiidae | Resseliella syringogenea | ||
leaf | scale | Aleyrodidae | Aleyrodes lonicerae | ||
leaf | gall | doubtful | Triozidae | Trioza apicalis | |
leaf | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Hyadaphis foeniculi | |
stem | borer | Agromyzidae | Melanagromyza chaerophylli | ||
stem | borer | Agromyzidae | Melanagromyza nigrissima | ||
stem | borer | Agromyzidae | Melanagromyza limata | ||
stem | borer | Agromyzidae | Melanagromyza heracleana | ||
stem | borer | Agromyzidae | Melanagromyza angeliciphaga | ||
stem | borer | Agromyzidae | Ophiomyia heracleivora | ||
stem | miner | Agromyzidae | Ophiomyia bohemica | ||
fruit | borer | Agromyzidae | Liriomyza lutea | ||
leaf | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Aphis fabae solanella | |
leaf | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Aphis fabae fabae | |
systemic | gall | Eriophyidae | Epitrimerus anthrisci | ||
fruit | gall | Cecidomyiidae | Kiefferia pericarpiicola | ||
flower | gall | Cecidomyiidae | Contarinia nicolayi | ||
flower | gall | Cecidomyiidae | Lasioptera carophila | ||
leaf | down | Erysiphales | Erysiphe heraclei | ||
leaf | down | Erysiphales | Leveillula braunii | ||
leaf | down | Peronosporales | Plasmopara nivea | ||
leaf | gall | Aphididae | Paramyzus heraclei | ||
leaf | gall | Cecidomyiidae | Contarinia heraclei | ||
leaf | gall | Cecidomyiidae | Macrolabis heraclei | ||
leaf | gall | Taphrinales | Taphridium umbelliferarum | ||
leaf | gall | Taphrinales | Protomyces macrosporus | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Liriomyza strigata | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Agromyza heraclei | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Phytomyza angelicae | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Phytomyza heracleana | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Phytomyza pastinacae | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Phytomyza sphondyliivora | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Phytomyza spondylii | ||
leaf | miner | Anthomyiidae | Pegomya vanduzeei | ||
leaf | miner | Epermeniidae | Epermenia chaerophyllella | ||
leaf | miner | Tephritidae | Cryptaciura rotundiventris | ||
leaf | miner | Tephritidae | Euleia heraclei | ||
leaf | pustule | Chytridiales | Synchytrium aureum | ||
leaf | pustule | aecia | Pucciniales | Puccinia nitidula | |
leaf | pustule | aecia | Pucciniales | Uromyces graminis | |
leaf | pustule | aecia uredinia telia | Pucciniales | Puccinia heraclei | |
leaf | pustule | telia | Pucciniales | Puccinia corteyi | |
leaf | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Semiaphis sphondylii | |
leaf | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Aphis fabae | |
leaf | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Dysaphis lauberti | |
leaf | vagrant | Eriophyidae | Epitrimerus heraclei | ||
leaf | vagrant | Triozidae | Trioza anthrisci | ||
stem | borer | Cecidomyiidae | Lasioptera stelteri | ||
stem | borer | Cerambycidae | Phytoecia cylindrica | ||
stem | gall | Asterolecaniidae | Planchonia arabidis | ||
stem | gall | Curculionidae | Lixus iridis | ||
stem | gall | Cynipidae | Timaspis heraclei | ||
root collar | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Anuraphis subterranea | |
root | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Dysaphis crataegi | |
leaf | vagrant | doubtful | Aphididae | Aphis brohmeri | |
root collar | vagrant | Aphididae | Dysaphis newskyi | ||
leaf | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Cavariella archangelicae | |
leaf | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Cavariella aegopodii | |
leaf | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Cavariella theobaldi | |
leaf | vagrant | Aphididae | Macrosiphum euphorbiae | ||
flower | vagrant | doubtful | Aphididae | Aphis grosmannae | |
leaf | vagrant | summer generation | main | Aphididae | Cavariella pastinacae |
Organ
the part of the plant that most conspicuously is hit by the parasiteall buds: both flower buds and leaf buds
flower: also inflorescence
leaf: also needle, phyllodium, petiole
leaf bud: also unfolding young leaf
fruit: also seed
root: also root stock, runners
root collar: also the lowest part of the stem
stem: also culm, the lower part of the peduncle, in grasses also leaf sheath
systemic: the entire above-ground plant.
PARASITIC MODE
borer: larva living internally, almost no outwards signsdown: 0.5-2 mm high fungal down
film: very thin cover of fungal tussue
gall: swelling and/or malformation
grazer: feeding at the outside of the plant
leaf spot discoloured, often ± necrotic, generally not galled, sign of a fungus infection
miner-borer: larve initially makes a mine, lives as a borer later
pustule: plug of fungal tissue, generally brown-black and < 2 mm
stripe: longitudinal line of fungal tissue in a grass leaf
vagrant: (aphids, mites) living freely on the plant, at higher densitiy causing malformations.
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IMPORTANT
The host plant spectre of a parasite is rarely known exhaustively; this applies in particular at the species level. It is advisable therefore to check at least also the list of all parasites of this genus.
Last modified 4.i.2021