1a mine with typical primary and secondary feeding lines; larva large; rear spiraculum with 3 papillae; cephalic skeleton typical for the family Tephritidae: Euleia heraclei

1b no feeding lines recognisable; larve not unusually large; rear spiraculum with 16 papillae; cephalic skeleton typical for the family Agromyzidae: Phytomyza sitchensis

1c galls, etc => Tables for all parasites per species