organ | parasitic mode | stage | note | taxonomic group | parasite |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
leaf | leaf spot | Mycosphaerellaceae | Septoria conii | ||
leaf | leaf spot | Massarinaceae | Stagonospora pulchra | ||
predator | Figitidae | Phaenoglyphis heterocera | |||
predator | Eurytomidae | Systole conspicua | |||
flower | vagrant | Miridae | Grypocoris sexguttatus | ||
leaf | vagrant | Miridae | Chlamydatus pullus | ||
leaf | vagrant | Miridae | Criocoris crassicornis | ||
leaf | vagrant | Miridae | Orthops kalmii | ||
leaf | vagrant | Miridae | Plagiognathus bipunctatus | ||
flower | vagrant | Miridae | Megalocoleus molliculus | ||
leaf | vagrant | Pentatomidae | Graphosoma italicum | ||
leaf | vagrant | Pentatomidae | Graphosoma semipunctatum | ||
stem | borer | Cerambycidae | Phytoecia icterica | ||
leaf | vagrant | Chrysomelidae | Chrysolina oricalcia | ||
leaf | hidden | older larva | Tortricidae | Cnephasia stephensiana | |
leaf | hidden | Depressariidae | Agonopterix vendettella | ||
leaf | hidden | Elachistidae | Depressaria albipunctella | ||
leaf | hidden | Depressariidae | Agonopterix alstromeriana | ||
leaf | hidden | Elachistidae | Depressaria sordidatella | ||
fruit | vagrant | Tortricidae | Aethes francillana | ||
fruit | vagrant | Tortricidae | Aethes beatricella | ||
stem | borer | Curculionidae | Calosirus terminatus | ||
root | borer | larva | Curculionidae | Calosirus apicalis | |
leaf | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Cavariella aegopodii | |
leaf | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Aphis fabae | |
fruit | gall | Cecidomyiidae | Kiefferia pericarpiicola | ||
flower | gall | Cecidomyiidae | Lasioptera carophila | ||
flower | vagrant | Aphididae | Macrosiphum gei | ||
leaf | down | Erysiphales | Erysiphe heraclei | ||
leaf | down | Erysiphales | Leveillula taurica | ||
leaf | down | Peronosporales | Plasmopara conii | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Phytomyza aurei | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Phytomyza chaerophylli | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Phytomyza conii | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Phytomyza coniopais | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Phytomyza pastinacae | ||
leaf | miner | Epermeniidae | Epermenia chaerophyllella | ||
leaf | pustule | aecia | Pucciniales | Uromyces graminis | |
leaf | pustule | uredinia telia | Pucciniales | Puccinia conii | |
leaf | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Hyadaphis foeniculi | |
leaf | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Hyadaphis passerinii | |
stem | gall | Curculionidae | Lixus iridis | ||
leaf | vagrant | summer generation | rarely | Aphididae | Cavariella pastinacae |
leaf | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Aphis fabae fabae | |
leaf | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Cavariella theobaldi | |
leaf | vagrant | summer generation | rarely | Aphididae | Dysaphis lauberti |
stem | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Dysaphis apiifolia |
Organ
the part of the plant that most conspicuously is hit by the parasiteall buds: both flower buds and leaf buds
flower: also inflorescence
leaf: also needle, phyllodium, petiole
leaf bud: also unfolding young leaf
fruit: also seed
root: also root stock, runners
root collar: also the lowest part of the stem
stem: also culm, the lower part of the peduncle, in grasses also leaf sheath
systemic: the entire above-ground plant.
PARASITIC MODE
borer: larva living internally, almost no outwards signsdown: 0.5-2 mm high fungal down
film: very thin cover of fungal tussue
gall: swelling and/or malformation
grazer: feeding at the outside of the plant
leaf spot: discoloured, often ± necrotic, generally not galled, sign of a fungus infection
miner-borer: larve initially makes a mine, lives as a borer later
pustule: plug of fungal tissue, generally brown-black and < 2 mm
stripe: longitudinal line of fungal tissue in a grass leaf
vagrant: (aphids, mites) living freely on the plant, at higher densitiy causing malformations.
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IMPORTANT
The host plant spectre of a parasite is rarely known exhaustively; this applies in particular at the species level. It is advisable therefore to check at least also the list of all parasites of this genus.