organ | parasitic mode | stage | note | taxonomic group | parasite |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
leaf | vagrant | Cicadellidae | Phlogotettix cyclops | ||
leaf | vagrant | Cicadellidae | Empoasca fabalis | ||
stem | vagrant | Issidae | Issus muscaeformis | ||
stem | vagrant | adult | Aphrophoridae | Aphrophora alni | |
leaf | vagrant | Issidae | Aplos simplex | ||
leaf | vagrant | Cicadellidae | Empoasca decipiens | ||
leaf | vagrant | Cicadellidae | Synophropsis lauri | ||
leaf | vagrant | Issidae | Issus coleoptratus | ||
leaf | vagrant | Cicadellidae | Orientus ishidae | ||
stem | borer | Curculionidae | Kissophagus hederae | ||
stem | borer | Curculionidae | Kissophagus novaki | ||
leaf | vagrant | Tetranychidae | Panonychus ulmi | ||
leaf | vagrant | Tetranychidae | Bryobia kissophila | ||
leaf | vagrant | Thripidae | Dendrothrips eastopi | ||
leaf | scale | Diaspididae | Aspidiotus hedericola | ||
root | vagrant | Curculionidae | Liophloeus tessulatus | ||
leaf | vagrant | Chrysomelidae | Oomorphus concolor | ||
leaf | vagrant | Tortricidae | Cacoecimorpha pronubana | ||
stem | scale | Diaspididae | Dynaspidiotus britannicus | ||
leaf | hidden | Tortricidae | Clepsis dumicolana | ||
leaf | hidden | Tortricidae | Ditula angustiorana | ||
leaf | hidden | Tortricidae | Clepsis consimilana | ||
leaf | hidden | Tortricidae | Clepsis pallidana | ||
leaf | hidden | Tortricidae | Choristoneura hebenstreitella | ||
leaf | hidden | Tortricidae | Pandemis dumetana | ||
leaf | hidden | Tortricidae | Lozotaenia forsterana | ||
stem | gall | Hypocreales | Neonectria hederae | ||
leaf | miner | younger larva | Tortricidae | Cnephasia stephensiana | |
leaf | hidden | older larva | Tortricidae | Cnephasia stephensiana | |
leaf | hidden | Tortricidae | Cnephasia incertana | ||
fruit | borer | Tortricidae | Lobesia botrana | ||
fruit | borer | Tortricidae | Eupoecilia ambiguella | ||
leaf | scale | Aleyrodidae | Siphoninus immaculatus | ||
leaf | scale | Aleyrodidae | Tetraleurodes hederae | ||
leaf | scale | Aleyrodidae | Aleurocanthus spiniferus | ||
leaf | scale | Coccidae | Protopulvinaria pyriformis | ||
leaf | scale | Diaspididae | Aspidiotus nerii | ||
leaf | scale | Coccidae | Lichtensia viburni | ||
leaf | scale | Coccidae | Coccus hesperidum | ||
stem | scale | rarely | Diaspididae | Aulacaspis rosae | |
stem | scale | Asterolecaniidae | Planchonia fimbriata | ||
stem | scale | Coccidae | Pulvinaria regalis | ||
leaf | scale | Coccidae | Pulvinaria floccifera | ||
leaf | vagrant | Aphididae | Aphis spiraecola | ||
stem | vagrant | Aphididae | Aphis craccivora | ||
leaf | vagrant | Aphididae | Aulacorthum solani | ||
leaf | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Aphis fabae | |
flower | gall | Cecidomyiidae | Dasineura kiefferi | ||
leaf | down | Erysiphales | Golovinomyces orontii | ||
leaf | leaf spot | Pleosporales | Boeremia hedericola | ||
leaf | pustule | Chytridiales | Synchytrium aureum | ||
leaf | vagrant | Aphididae | Aphis hederae | ||
stem | scale | Asterolecaniidae | Planchonia arabidis | ||
stem | scale | Pseudococcidae | Phenacoccus aceris |
Organ
the part of the plant that most conspicuously is hit by the parasiteall buds: both flower buds and leaf buds
flower: also inflorescence
leaf: also needle, phyllodium, petiole
leaf bud: also unfolding young leaf
fruit: also seed
root: also root stock, runners
root collar: also the lowest part of the stem
stem: also culm, the lower part of the peduncle, in grasses also leaf sheath
systemic: the entire above-ground plant.
PARASITIC MODE
borer: larva living internally, almost no outwards signsdown: 0.5-2 mm high fungal down
film: very thin cover of fungal tussue
gall: swelling and/or malformation
grazer: feeding at the outside of the plant
leaf spot discoloured, often ± necrotic, generally not galled, sign of a fungus infection
miner-borer: larve initially makes a mine, lives as a borer later
pustule: plug of fungal tissue, generally brown-black and < 2 mm
stripe: longitudinal line of fungal tissue in a grass leaf
vagrant: (aphids, mites) living freely on the plant, at higher densitiy causing malformations.
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IMPORTANT
The host plant spectre of a parasite is rarely known exhaustively; this applies in particular at the species level. It is advisable therefore to check at least also the list of all parasites of this genus.
Last modified 12.ii.2021