organ | parasitic mode | stage | note | taxonomic group | parasite |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
leaf | leaf spot | Phyllostictaceae | Phyllosticta haynaldii | ||
leaf | leaf spot | doubtful | Pezizomycotina incertae sedis | Leptothyrium ilicinum | |
dead wood | borer | Cerambycidae | Pogonocherus hispidulus | ||
dead wood | borer | Cerambycidae | Aegosoma scabricorne | ||
dead wood | borer | Cerambycidae | Grammoptera ruficornis | ||
dead wood | borer | Cerambycidae | Anaglyptus gibbosus | ||
dead wood | borer | Cerambycidae | Leiopus nebulosus | ||
dead wood | borer | Cerambycidae | Prionus coriarius | ||
stem | scale | Diaspididae | Dynaspidiotus britannicus | ||
leaf | vagrant | Tetranychidae | Oligonychus ilicis | ||
systemic | scale | Diaspididae | Parlatoria oleae | ||
fruit | vagrant | Eriophyidae | Cecidophyopsis verilicis | ||
leaf | vagrant | adult | Curculionidae | Otiorhynchus armadillo | |
leaf | hidden | Tortricidae | Epiphyas postvittana | ||
stem | scale | Diaspididae | Lepidosaphes ulmi | ||
scale | Diaspididae | Chrysomphalus dictyospermi | |||
root | film | Helicobasidiaceae | Helicobasidium purpureum | ||
stem | kanker | Nectriaceae | Nectria cinnabarina | ||
root | film | Ceratobasidiaceae | Rhizoctonia solani | ||
leaf | leaf spot | Mycosphaerellaceae | Sphaerella ilicis | ||
leaf | leaf spot | Helotiales incertae sedis | Cylindrosporium pollaccii | ||
leaf | leaf spot | Glomerellaceae | Colletotrichum gloeosporioides | ||
leaf | leaf spot | Sporocadaceae | Pestalotiopsis ilicis | ||
leaf | leaf spot | Dermateaceae | Neofabraea vagabunda | ||
leaf | leaf spot | Botryosphaeriaceae | Fusicoccum ilicellum | ||
leaf | leaf spot | Mycosphaerellaceae | Septoria ilicifolia | ||
leaf | leaf spot | Mycosphaerellaceae | Septoria massalongiana | ||
leaf | leaf spot | Nectriaceae | Calonectria lauri | ||
leaf | leaf spot | Phyllostictaceae | Phyllosticta haynaldii | ||
stem | kanker | Nectriaceae | Thyronectria aquifolii | ||
stem | kanker | Nectriaceae | Thyronectria ilicicola | ||
leaf | leaf spot | Phyllostictaceae | Phyllosticta concentrica | ||
leaf | leaf spot | Phyllostictaceae | Phyllosticta philoprina | ||
leaf | vagrant | Acanthosomatidae | Elasmostethus interstinctus | ||
leaf | vagrant | rarely | Acanthosomatidae | Elasmucha grisea | |
leaf | vagrant | Diptilomiopidae | Diptacus swensoni | ||
stem | borer | Cossidae | Zeuzera pyrina | ||
leaf | vagrant | Acanthosomatidae | Acanthosoma haemorrhoidale | ||
leaf | vagrant | Pentatomidae | Mustha spinosula | ||
leaf | vagrant | adult | Curculionidae | Otiorhynchus aurifer | |
leaf | scale | Coccidae | Lichtensia viburni | ||
leaf | vagrant | adult | Curculionidae | Otiorhynchus apenninus | |
leaf | vagrant | Sphingidae | Sphinx ligustri | ||
leaf | scale | Pseudococcidae | Phenacoccus peruvianus | ||
stem | borer | Cerambycidae | Trichoferus campestris | ||
leaf | scale | Diaspididae | Aspidiotus nerii | ||
scale | Diaspididae | Aonidiella lauretorum | |||
stem | scale | Coccidae | Ceroplastes japonicus | ||
leaf | vagrant | Geometridae | Acasis viretata | ||
leaf | vagrant | Geometridae | Menophra abruptaria | ||
leaf | vagrant | Lycaenidae | Celastrina argiolus | ||
leaf | vagrant | Issidae | Issus coleoptratus | ||
stem | borer | Curculionidae | Xyleborus dispar | ||
stem | borer | Curculionidae | Trypodendron domesticum | ||
leaf | vagrant | Thripidae | Scirtothrips inermis | ||
leaf | vagrant | Phlaeothripidae | Apterygothrips neolongiceps | ||
leaf | vagrant | Thripidae | Scirtothrips inermis | ||
stem | gall | Eriococcidae | Rhizococcus devoniensis | ||
leaf | hidden | Tortricidae | Rhopobota naevana | ||
leaf | hidden | Tortricidae | Clepsis spectrana | ||
leaf | vagrant | Diptilomiopidae | Diptacus ilicis | ||
leaf | vagrant | Eriophyidae | Acaricalus hydrophylli | ||
leaf | scale | Aleyrodidae | Aleuroclava similis | ||
leaf | scale | Aleyrodidae | Bemisia afer | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Phytomyza jucunda | ||
leaf | scale | Coccidae | Coccus hesperidum | ||
stem | scale | Coccidae | Pulvinaria regalis | ||
leaf | scale | Coccidae | Pulvinaria floccifera | ||
stem | scale | rarely | Coccidae | Pulvinaria vitis | |
stem | vagrant | Aphididae | Aphis aurantii | ||
leaf | down | doubtful | Erysiphales | Erysiphe nemopanthi | |
leaf | gall | Aphididae | Aphis ilicis | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Phytomyza ilicis | ||
leaf | pustule | uredinia telia | Pucciniales | Puccinia ilicis | |
stem | gall | Santalaceae | Viscum album | ||
leaf bud | vagrant | rarely | Aphididae | Illinoia lambersi | |
stem | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Macrosiphum rosae | |
leaf | gall | spring generation | Aphididae | Aphis ilicis |
Organ
the part of the plant that most conspicuously is hit by the parasiteall buds: both flower buds and leaf buds
flower: also inflorescence
leaf: also needle, phyllodium, petiole
leaf bud: also unfolding young leaf
fruit: also seed
root: also root stock, runners
root collar: also the lowest part of the stem
stem: also culm, the lower part of the peduncle, in grasses also leaf sheath
systemic: the entire above-ground plant.
PARASITIC MODE
borer: larva living internally, almost no outwards signsdown: 0.5-2 mm high fungal down
film: very thin cover of fungal tussue
gall: swelling and/or malformation
grazer: feeding at the outside of the plant
leaf spot: discoloured, often ± necrotic, generally not galled, sign of a fungus infection
miner-borer: larve initially makes a mine, lives as a borer later
pustule: plug of fungal tissue, generally brown-black and < 2 mm
stripe: longitudinal line of fungal tissue in a grass leaf
vagrant: (aphids, mites) living freely on the plant, at higher densitiy causing malformations.
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IMPORTANT
The host plant spectre of a parasite is rarely known exhaustively; this applies in particular at the species level. It is advisable therefore to check at least also the list of all parasites of this genus.