organ | parasitic mode | stage | note | taxonomic group | parasite |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
leaf | leaf spot | Mycosphaerellaceae | Cercospora bidentis | ||
leaf | leaf spot | Didymellaceae | Ascochyta bidentis | ||
leaf | leaf spot | Mycosphaerellaceae | Septoria bidentis | ||
leaf | leaf spot | Neoramularia bidentis | |||
Mycosphaerellaceae | Ramularia concomitans | ||||
leaf | leaf spot | Neoramularia bidentis | |||
predator | Cecidomyiidae | Feltiella acarisuga | |||
leaf | vagrant | Noctuidae | Mniotype usurpatrix | ||
leaf | vagrant | Noctuidae | Cornutiplusia circumflexa | ||
leaf | vagrant | Noctuidae | Chrysodeixis chalcites | ||
leaf | vagrant | Alydidae | Alydus calcaratus | ||
leaf | vagrant | Alydidae | Camptopus lateralis | ||
unknown | unknown | Thripidae | Microcephalothrips abdominalis | ||
flower | borer | Tephritidae | Trupanea stellata | ||
flower | borer | Tephritidae | Dioxyna sororcula | ||
leaf | vagrant | Curculionidae | Hypera conmaculata | ||
leaf | vagrant | Tenthredinidae | Ametastegia glabrata | ||
leaf | vagrant | Eriophyidae | Epitrimerus bidensi | ||
leaf | scale | Aleyrodidae | Aleyrodes lonicerae | ||
leaf | scale | Aleyrodidae | Trialeurodes vaporariorum | ||
root | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Pemphigus bursarius | |
unknown | vagrant | Aphididae | Acyrthosiphon ilka | ||
flower | borer | Tephritidae | Dioxyna bidentis | ||
leaf | down | Erysiphales | Neoërysiphe cumminsiana | ||
leaf | down | Erysiphales | Podosphaera xanthii | ||
leaf | down | Peronosporales | Plasmopara halstedii | ||
leaf | gall | Aphididae | Macrosiphoniella tanacetaria | ||
leaf | gall | Taphrinales | Protomyces gravidus | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Chromatomyia syngenesiae | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Liriomyza pusilla | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Liriomyza strigata | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Liriomyza trifolii | ||
leaf | pustule | Chytridiales | Synchytrium aureum | ||
leaf | pustule | aecia uredinia telia | Pucciniales | Uromyces bidenticola | |
leaf | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Brachycaudus helichrysi | |
stem | borer | Agromyzidae | Napomyza lateralis | ||
stem | gall | Urocystidales | Thecaphora pustulata | ||
root | gall | Meloidogynidae | Meloidogyne hapla | ||
root | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Pemphigus borealis | |
leaf | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Brachycaudus helichrysi | |
root | vagrant | Aphididae | Pemphigus fuscicornis | ||
leaf | vagrant | Aphididae | Aphis spiraecola | ||
leaf | vagrant | Aphididae | Aphis gossypii |
Organ
the part of the plant that most conspicuously is hit by the parasiteall buds: both flower buds and leaf buds
flower: also inflorescence
leaf: also needle, phyllodium, petiole
leaf bud: also unfolding young leaf
fruit: also seed
root: also root stock, runners
root collar: also the lowest part of the stem
stem: also culm, the lower part of the peduncle, in grasses also leaf sheath
systemic: the entire above-ground plant.
PARASITIC MODE
borer: larva living internally, almost no outwards signsdown: 0.5-2 mm high fungal down
film: very thin cover of fungal tussue
gall: swelling and/or malformation
grazer: feeding at the outside of the plant
leaf spot: discoloured, often ± necrotic, generally not galled, sign of a fungus infection
miner-borer: larve initially makes a mine, lives as a borer later
pustule: plug of fungal tissue, generally brown-black and < 2 mm
stripe: longitudinal line of fungal tissue in a grass leaf
vagrant: (aphids, mites) living freely on the plant, at higher densitiy causing malformations.
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IMPORTANT
The host plant spectre of a parasite is rarely known exhaustively; this applies in particular at the species level. It is advisable therefore to check at least also the list of all parasites of this genus.