1a several galleries, radiating from the base of the leaf or the midrib => 2

1b mine neither associated with the leaf base nor with the midrib => 3

1c galls, etc => Tables for all parasites per species

2a galleries originate from the midrib; larva: cephalic skeleton with three rearwards directed arms: Ophiomyyia gnaphalii

2b galleries originate from the base of the leaf; cephalic skeleton with two rearwards directed arms: Phytomyza antennariae

3a mined leaves witthout silk; larva a maggot => 4

3b mined leaves wrapped with some silk; larva with a clear, chitinised head => 5

4a larva/puparium: anterior spiraculum small, bud-shaped: Phytomyza kyffhusana

4b anterior spiraculum bifid, shaped like a T: Phytomyza heckfordi

5a larva mines the lower leaves from a silken tube on the ground: Gnorimoschema streliciella

5b larva mines between spun leaves: Scrobipalpa murinella