organ | parasitic mode | stage | note | taxonomic group | parasite |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
leaf | vagrant | Chrysomelidae | Cassida deflorata | ||
leaf | hidden | Tortricidae | Cnephasia chrysantheana | ||
root | borer | Buprestidae | Sphenoptera rauca | ||
leaf | vagrant | Tetranychidae | Pseudobryobia longisetis | ||
leaf | leaf spot | Capnodiales | Ramularia cynarae | ||
flower | borer | larva | Curculionidae | Larinus cynarae | |
flower | gall | Tephritidae | Acanthiophilus helianthi | ||
root collar | borer | larva | Apionidae | Ceratapion gibbirostre | |
flower | hidden | Thripidae | Frankliniella occidentalis | ||
leaf | miner | Chrysomelidae | Argopus circumaedeagus | ||
leaf | vagrant | Chrysomelidae | Cassida vibex | ||
leaf | vagrant | Chrysomelidae | Cassida palaestina | ||
leaf | vagrant | Chrysomelidae | Cassida algirica | ||
unknown | unknown | doubtful | Crambidae | Aporodes floralis | |
root | borer | Syrphidae | Cheilosia vulpina | ||
stem | borer | larva | Apionidae | Ceratapion scalptum | |
stem | borer | larva | Curculionidae | Lixus scolopax | |
flower | borer | larva | Curculionidae | Larinus scolymi | |
stem | borer | larva | doubtful | Apionidae | Ceratapion carduorum |
leaf | gall | Eriophyidae | Aceria neocynarae | ||
systemic | vagrant | Aphididae | Protaphis terricola | ||
leaf | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Aphis fabae fabae | |
stem | vagrant | Aphididae | Aphis craccivora | ||
leaf | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Aphis fabae | |
flower | borer | Tephritidae | Terellia fuscicornis | ||
leaf | borer | Apionidae | Ceratapion damryi | ||
leaf | down | Erysiphales | Golovinomyces montagnei | ||
leaf | down | Erysiphales | Leveillula lappae | ||
leaf | down | Peronosporales | Bremia lactucae | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Agromyza apfelbecki | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Liriomyza strigata | ||
leaf | miner | Choreutidae | Tebenna micalis | ||
leaf | miner | Chrysomelidae | Sphaeroderma rubidum | ||
leaf | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Brachycaudus helichrysi | |
leaf | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Brachycaudus cardui | |
leaf | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Aphis fabae solanella | |
leaf | gall | Aphididae | Capitophorus horni | ||
root collar | vagrant | Aphididae | Dysaphis lappae cynarae | ||
leaf | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Aphis fabae mordvilkoi | |
flower | vagrant | rarely | Aphididae | Uroleucon jaceae | |
leaf | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Capitophorus elaeagni |
Organ
the part of the plant that most conspicuously is hit by the parasiteall buds: both flower buds and leaf buds
flower: also inflorescence
leaf: also needle, phyllodium, petiole
leaf bud: also unfolding young leaf
fruit: also seed
root: also root stock, runners
root collar: also the lowest part of the stem
stem: also culm, the lower part of the peduncle, in grasses also leaf sheath
systemic: the entire above-ground plant.
PARASITIC MODE
borer: larva living internally, almost no outwards signsdown: 0.5-2 mm high fungal down
film: very thin cover of fungal tussue
gall: swelling and/or malformation
grazer: feeding at the outside of the plant
leaf spot discoloured, often ± necrotic, generally not galled, sign of a fungus infection
miner-borer: larve initially makes a mine, lives as a borer later
pustule: plug of fungal tissue, generally brown-black and < 2 mm
stripe: longitudinal line of fungal tissue in a grass leaf
vagrant: (aphids, mites) living freely on the plant, at higher densitiy causing malformations.
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IMPORTANT
The host plant spectre of a parasite is rarely known exhaustively; this applies in particular at the species level. It is advisable therefore to check at least also the list of all parasites of this genus.
Last modified 1.iv.2021