organ | parasitic mode | stage | note | taxonomic group | parasite |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
leaf | vagrant | Cicadellidae | Macrosteles quadripunctulatus | ||
flower | gall | Tephritidae | Campiglossa producta | ||
flower | hidden | Thripidae | Tenothrips frici | ||
leaf | vagrant | Tenthredinidae | Tenthredo trabeata | ||
stem | gall | Eriococcidae | Rhizococcus devoniensis | ||
root | scale | Pseudococcidae | Phenacoccus tergrigorianae | ||
flower | vagrant | Pterophoridae | Crombrugghia distans | ||
flower | hidden | Thripidae | Frankliniella intonsa | ||
leaf | miner | younger larva | Tortricidae | Cnephasia stephensiana | |
leaf | hidden | older larva | Tortricidae | Cnephasia stephensiana | |
leaf | hidden | Tortricidae | Cnephasia incertana | ||
flower | borer | Tortricidae | Phalonidia contractana | ||
leaf | vagrant | Eriophyidae | Paraphytoptus intybi | ||
root collar | borer | larva | Curculionidae | Lixus bituberculatus | |
leaf | miner | Curculionidae | Orthochaetes setiger | ||
leaf | down | Erysiphales | Golovinomyces bolayi | ||
leaf | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Aphis craccivora | |
leaf | scale | Aleyrodidae | Aleyrodes proletella | ||
root | vagrant | Aphididae | Trama maritima | ||
root | vagrant | Aphididae | Aphis vandergooti | ||
leaf | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Aphis fabae fabae | |
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Liriomyza bryoniae | ||
leaf | leaf spot | Capnodiales | Ramularia inaequalis | ||
stem | miner | Agromyzidae | Ophiomyia cichorii | ||
unknown | vagrant | Aphididae | Acyrthosiphon ilka | ||
systemic | vagrant | Aphididae | Protaphis terricola | ||
leaf | vagrant | Aphididae | Myzus ascalonicus | ||
leaf | vagrant | Aphididae | Aphis gossypii | ||
systemic | borer | Anguinidae | Ditylenchus dipsaci | ||
flower | borer | Tephritidae | Ensina sonchi | ||
flower | gall | Microbotryales | Microbotryum cichorii | ||
leaf bud | gall | Eriophyidae | Aceria cichorii | ||
leaf | down | Erysiphales | Golovinomyces cichoracearum | ||
leaf | down | Peronosporales | Bremia lactucae | ||
leaf | leaf spot | Entylomatales | Entyloma cichorii | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Chromatomyia syngenesiae | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Liriomyza endiviae | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Liriomyza puella | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Liriomyza sonchi | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Liriomyza strigata | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Ophiomyia pinguis | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Phytomyza continua | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Phytomyza penicilla | ||
leaf | miner | Curculionidae | Orthochaetes insignis | ||
leaf | pustule | aecia | Pucciniales | Puccinia littoralis | |
leaf | pustule | uredinia telia | Pucciniales | Puccinia cichorii | |
leaf | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Nasonovia ribisnigri | |
leaf | vagrant | Triozidae | Bactericera nigricornis | ||
stem | borer | Agromyzidae | Napomyza cichorii | ||
stem | gall | Cynipidae | Timaspis cichorii | ||
root collar | gall | Actinomycetales | Rhodococcus fascians | ||
root collar | gall | Aphididae | Aphis intybi | ||
root | gall | Meloidogynidae | Meloidogyne hapla | ||
root | vagrant | Aphididae | Trama troglodytes | ||
root | vagrant | Aphididae | Trama caudata | ||
root | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Pemphigus bursarius | |
root | vagrant | Aphididae | Protrama radicis | ||
stem | vagrant | rarely | Aphididae | Acyrthosiphon lactucae | |
leaf | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Myzus persicae | |
stem | vagrant | Aphididae | Uroleucon cichorii | ||
leaf | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Aphis fabae | |
flower | vagrant | doubtful | Aphididae | Uroleucon picridis | |
flower | vagrant | Aphididae | Uroleucon mierae | ||
root | vagrant | Aphididae | Protrama flavescens | ||
flower | vagrant | summer generation | rarely | Aphididae | Hyperomyzus lactucae |
stem | vagrant | Aphididae | Uroleucon sonchi |
Organ
the part of the plant that most conspicuously is hit by the parasiteall buds: both flower buds and leaf buds
flower: also inflorescence
leaf: also needle, phyllodium, petiole
leaf bud: also unfolding young leaf
fruit: also seed
root: also root stock, runners
root collar: also the lowest part of the stem
stem: also culm, the lower part of the peduncle, in grasses also leaf sheath
systemic: the entire above-ground plant.
PARASITIC MODE
borer: larva living internally, almost no outwards signsdown: 0.5-2 mm high fungal down
film: very thin cover of fungal tussue
gall: swelling and/or malformation
grazer: feeding at the outside of the plant
leaf spot discoloured, often ± necrotic, generally not galled, sign of a fungus infection
miner-borer: larve initially makes a mine, lives as a borer later
pustule: plug of fungal tissue, generally brown-black and < 2 mm
stripe: longitudinal line of fungal tissue in a grass leaf
vagrant: (aphids, mites) living freely on the plant, at higher densitiy causing malformations.
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IMPORTANT
The host plant spectre of a parasite is rarely known exhaustively; this applies in particular at the species level. It is advisable therefore to check at least also the list of all parasites of this genus.
Last modified 25.xii.2020