organ | parasitic mode | stage | note | taxonomic group | parasite |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
leaf | leaf spot | Didymellaceae | Ascochyta cichorii f. lapsanae | ||
leaf | leaf spot | Phyllostictaceae | Phyllosticta lampsanae | ||
leaf | leaf spot | Mycosphaerellaceae | Septoria lapsanae | ||
predator | Pteromalidae | Stinoplus lapsanae | |||
predator | Torymidae | Torymus lapsanae | |||
stem | borer | Cerambycidae | Helladia praetexta | ||
stem | gall | Cecidomyiidae | Lasioptera buhri | ||
root | borer | doubtful | Buprestidae | Coraebus elatus | |
unknown | unknown | Curculionidae | Glocianus brevicollis | ||
leaf | vagrant | Tenthredinidae | Tenthredo trabeata | ||
leaf | scale | Pseudococcidae | Puto pilosellae | ||
leaf | vagrant | Pterophoridae | Pselnophorus heterodactyla | ||
leaf | hidden | Tortricidae | Cnephasia incertana | ||
leaf | miner | younger larva | Tortricidae | Cnephasia asseclana | |
leaf | hidden | older larva | Tortricidae | Cnephasia asseclana | |
flower | borer | Tortricidae | Phalonidia gilvicomana | ||
leaf | miner | Curculionidae | Orthochaetes setiger | ||
leaf | scale | Aleyrodidae | Aleyrodes proletella | ||
leaf | scale | Aleyrodidae | Aleyrodes lonicerae | ||
leaf | scale | Aleyrodidae | Trialeurodes vaporariorum | ||
root collar | gall | Aphididae | Aphis intybi | ||
leaf | down | Peronosporales | Bremia lapsanae | ||
stem | miner | Agromyzidae | Ophiomyia heringi | ||
stem | miner | Agromyzidae | Phytoliriomyza arctica | ||
unknown | vagrant | Aphididae | Acyrthosiphon ilka | ||
leaf | borer | Agromyzidae | Ophiomyia beckeri | ||
leaf | borer | Agromyzidae | Ophiomyia cunctata | ||
leaf | down | Erysiphales | Golovinomyces cichoracearum | ||
leaf | down | Erysiphales | Podosphaera erigerontis-canadensis | ||
leaf | leaf spot | Capnodiales | Ramularia lampsanae | ||
leaf | leaf spot | Capnodiales | Didymaria matricariae | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Liriomyza eupatorii | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Liriomyza puella | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Liriomyza sonchi | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Liriomyza strigata | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Ophiomyia pulicaria | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Phytomyza marginella | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Phytomyza penicilla | ||
leaf | miner | Curculionidae | Orthochaetes insignis | ||
leaf | miner | Tephritidae | Trypeta immaculata | leaf | pustule | Albuginales | Pustula obtusata |
leaf | pustule | aecia | Pucciniales | Puccinia opizii | |
leaf | pustule | aecia uredinia telia | Pucciniales | Puccinia lapsanae | |
leaf | pustule | uredinia telia | Pucciniales | Coleosporium sonchi | |
leaf | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Nasonovia ribisnigri | |
leaf | vagrant | Aphididae | Hyperomyzus lampsanae | ||
stem | gall | Cynipidae | Timaspis lampsanae | ||
root | gall | Meloidogynidae | Meloidogyne hapla | ||
root | vagrant | Aphididae | Trama troglodytes | ||
root | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Pemphigus bursarius | |
stem | vagrant | Aphididae | Uroleucon cichorii | ||
leaf | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Aphis nasturtii | |
leaf | vagrant | Aphididae | Myzus ornatus | ||
stem | vagrant | Aphididae | Uroleucon sonchi |
Organ
the part of the plant that most conspicuously is hit by the parasiteall buds: both flower buds and leaf buds
flower: also inflorescence
leaf: also needle, phyllodium, petiole
leaf bud: also unfolding young leaf
fruit: also seed
root: also root stock, runners
root collar: also the lowest part of the stem
stem: also culm, the lower part of the peduncle, in grasses also leaf sheath
systemic: the entire above-ground plant.
PARASITIC MODE
borer: larva living internally, almost no outwards signsdown: 0.5-2 mm high fungal down
film: very thin cover of fungal tussue
gall: swelling and/or malformation
grazer: feeding at the outside of the plant
leaf spot: discoloured, often ± necrotic, generally not galled, sign of a fungus infection
miner-borer: larve initially makes a mine, lives as a borer later
pustule: plug of fungal tissue, generally brown-black and < 2 mm
stripe: longitudinal line of fungal tissue in a grass leaf
vagrant: (aphids, mites) living freely on the plant, at higher densitiy causing malformations.
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IMPORTANT
The host plant spectre of a parasite is rarely known exhaustively; this applies in particular at the species level. It is advisable therefore to check at least also the list of all parasites of this genus.