organ | parasitic mode | stage | note | taxonomic group | parasite |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
flower | hidden | Thripidae | Thrips minutissimus | ||
systemic | pustule | Sclerotiniaceae | Sclerotinia sclerotiorum | ||
root | film | Plectosphaerellaceae | Verticillium dahliae | ||
leaf | leaf spot | Mycosphaerellaceae | Septoria anchusae | ||
leaf | leaf spot | Mycosphaerellaceae | Ramularia anchusae | ||
leaf | vagrant | Scutelleridae | Odontoscelis fuliginosa | ||
fruit | vagrant | Coreidae | Coreus marginatus | ||
leaf | vagrant | Tingidae | Dictyla rotundata | ||
leaf | vagrant | Miridae | Orthonotus cylindricollis | ||
seeds | vagrant | Lygaeidae | Graptopeltus validus | ||
fruit | vagrant | Lygaeidae | Aellopus atratus | ||
leaf | vagrant | Pentatomidae | Tarisa virescens | ||
leaf | vagrant | Tingidae | Dictyla triconula | ||
flower | vagrant | Tingidae | Dictyla nassata | ||
flower | vagrant | Scutelleridae | Psacasta exanthematica | ||
leaf | vagrant | Miridae | Adelphocoris lineolatus | ||
leaf | vagrant | Miridae | Chlamydatus pullus | ||
leaf | vagrant | Miridae | Lygus gemellatus | ||
leaf | vagrant | Miridae | Lygus rugulipennis | ||
leaf | vagrant | Miridae | Opisthotaenia fulvipes | ||
leaf | vagrant | Miridae | Plagiognathus bipunctatus | ||
leaf | vagrant | Miridae | Polymerus cognatus | ||
leaf | vagrant | Miridae | Polymerus vulneratus | ||
leaf | vagrant | Coreidae | Enoplops scapha | ||
leaf | vagrant | Cydnidae | Sehirus luctuosus | ||
leaf | vagrant | Pentatomidae | Carpocoris melanocerus | ||
root | vagrant | Cydnidae | Sehirus morio | ||
leaf | vagrant | Cydnidae | Sehirus ovatus | ||
leaf | pustule | aecia | Pucciniales | Aecidium asperifolii | |
stem | borer | Cerambycidae | Phytoecia malachitica | ||
leaf | vagrant | Noctuidae | Actebia praecox | ||
flower | borer | Cerambycidae | Opsilia coerulescens | ||
root collar | borer | Cerambycidae | Oxylia argentata | ||
stem | borer | Cerambycidae | Coptosia bithynensis | ||
root collar | borer | Cerambycidae | Coptosia ganglbaueri | ||
leaf | vagrant | Noctuidae | Diachrysia chrysitis | ||
leaf | vagrant | Erebidae | Euplagia quadripunctaria | ||
leaf | vagrant | Erebidae | Utetheisa pulchella | ||
unknown | unknown | Douglasiidae | Tinagma anchusella | ||
unknown | unknown | doubtful | Douglasiidae | Klimeschia cinereipunctella | |
root | borer | Chrysomelidae | Longitarsus echii | ||
root | vagrant | Chrysomelidae | Longitarsus cerinthes | ||
root | vagrant | Chrysomelidae | Longitarsus curtus | ||
root | vagrant | Chrysomelidae | Longitarsus exsoletus | ||
root | vagrant | Chrysomelidae | Longitarsus lateripunctatus | ||
root | borer | larva | Chrysomelidae | Longitarsus anchusae | |
root | vagrant | Chrysomelidae | Longitarsus anatolicus | ||
unknown | unknown | Curculionidae | Mogulonoides radula | ||
unknown | unknown | Curculionidae | Mogulones aubei | ||
root | borer | larva | Curculionidae | Mogulones crucifer | |
unknown | borer | larva | Curculionidae | Mogulones trisignatus | |
unknown | unknown | Curculionidae | Mogulones t-album | ||
unknown | unknown | Curculionidae | Mogulones bernhauseri | ||
root | vagrant | doubtful | Chrysomelidae | Longitarsus niger | |
flower | borer | Nitidulidae | Boragogethes punctatissimus | ||
flower | borer | Nitidulidae | Boragogethes rosenhaueri | ||
root | vagrant | Chrysomelidae | Longitarsus dimidiatus | ||
root | vagrant | Chrysomelidae | Longitarsus weisei | ||
root | vagrant | Chrysomelidae | Longitarsus alfieri | ||
root | vagrant | Chrysomelidae | Longitarsus fuscoaeneus | ||
root | vagrant | Chrysomelidae | Longitarsus aeneus | ||
root | vagrant | Chrysomelidae | Longitarsus truncatellus | ||
root | vagrant | Chrysomelidae | Longitarsus nasturtii | ||
root | vagrant | Chrysomelidae | Longitarsus succineus | ||
root collar | borer | Gelechiidae | Ethmia aurifluella | ||
leaf | hidden | Tortricidae | Lobesia artemisiana | ||
leaf | hidden | doubtful | Gelechiidae | Ethmia bipunctella | |
leaf | hidden | rarely | Tortricidae | Pandemis heparana | |
leaf | miner | younger larva | Tortricidae | Cnephasia asseclana | |
leaf | hidden | older larva | Tortricidae | Cnephasia asseclana | |
leaf | vagrant | Eriophyidae | Shevtchenkella anchusae | ||
root | borer | larva | Chrysomelidae | Longitarsus anchusae | |
stem | borer | larva | Curculionidae | Mogulones asperifoliarum | |
root | borer | larva | Curculionidae | Mogulones javetii | |
leaf | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Myzus persicae | |
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Chromatomyia horticola | ||
root collar | vagrant | Aphididae | Brachycaudus bicolor | ||
leaf | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Aphis fabae | |
flower | gall | Eriophyidae | Anthocoptes aspidophorus | ||
flower | gall | Tingidae | Dictyla echii | ||
leaf | down | Erysiphales | Erysiphe lycopsidis | ||
leaf | down | Erysiphales | Golovinomyces cynoglossi complex | ||
leaf | gall | Aphelenchoididae | Aphelenchoides fragariae | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Agromyza abiens | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Agromyza myosotidis | ||
leaf | miner | Coleophoridae | Coleophora pennella | ||
leaf | miner | Crambidae | Cynaeda dentalis | ||
leaf | miner | Crambidae | Cynaeda gigantea | ||
leaf | miner | Crambidae | Epascestria pustulalis | ||
leaf | miner | Gracillariidae | Dialectica scalariella | ||
leaf | pustule | aecia | Pucciniales | Puccinia recondita | |
leaf | pustule | aecia | Pucciniales | Puccinia symphyti-bromorum | |
leaf | pustule | aecia | Pucciniales | Puccinia aegilopis | |
leaf | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Brachycaudus helichrysi | |
root collar | gall | Actinomycetales | Rhodococcus fascians | ||
root collar | gall | Curculionidae | Pachycerus segnis | ||
leaf | vagrant | Aphididae | Macrosiphum euphorbiae | ||
leaf | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Brachycaudus cardui | |
leaf | vagrant | Aphididae | Ovatomyzus boraginacearum | ||
leaf | vagrant | Aphididae | Myzus ascalonicus | ||
leaf | vagrant | Aphididae | Aulacorthum solani | ||
leaf | vagrant | Aphididae | Brachycaudus mordvilkoi |
Organ
the part of the plant that most conspicuously is hit by the parasiteall buds: both flower buds and leaf buds
flower: also inflorescence
leaf: also needle, phyllodium, petiole
leaf bud: also unfolding young leaf
fruit: also seed
root: also root stock, runners
root collar: also the lowest part of the stem
stem: also culm, the lower part of the peduncle, in grasses also leaf sheath
systemic: the entire above-ground plant.
PARASITIC MODE
borer: larva living internally, almost no outwards signsdown: 0.5-2 mm high fungal down
film: very thin cover of fungal tussue
gall: swelling and/or malformation
grazer: feeding at the outside of the plant
leaf spot: discoloured, often ± necrotic, generally not galled, sign of a fungus infection
miner-borer: larve initially makes a mine, lives as a borer later
pustule: plug of fungal tissue, generally brown-black and < 2 mm
stripe: longitudinal line of fungal tissue in a grass leaf
vagrant: (aphids, mites) living freely on the plant, at higher densitiy causing malformations.
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IMPORTANT
The host plant spectre of a parasite is rarely known exhaustively; this applies in particular at the species level. It is advisable therefore to check at least also the list of all parasites of this genus.