organ | parasitic mode | stage | note | taxonomic group | parasite |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
leaf | leaf spot | Mycosphaerellaceae | Ramularia lithospermi | ||
leaf | leaf spot | Mycosphaerellaceae | Ramularia cerinthes | ||
flower | vagrant | Scutelleridae | Psacasta exanthematica | ||
leaf | vagrant | Miridae | Opisthotaenia fulvipes | ||
leaf | pustule | aecia | Pucciniales | Aecidium asperifolii | |
flower | borer | Cerambycidae | Opsilia coerulescens | ||
stem | borer | Cerambycidae | Opsilia uncinata | ||
stem | borer | Cerambycidae | Opsilia molybdaena | ||
leaf | vagrant | Noctuidae | Aporophyla lutulenta | ||
root | vagrant | Chrysomelidae | Longitarsus curtus | ||
root | vagrant | Chrysomelidae | Longitarsus suturalis | ||
root | vagrant | Chrysomelidae | Longitarsus exsoletus | ||
root | vagrant | Chrysomelidae | Longitarsus nasturtii | ||
root | vagrant | Chrysomelidae | Longitarsus pulmonariae | ||
root | vagrant | Chrysomelidae | Longitarsus pulmonariae | ||
root | vagrant | Chrysomelidae | Longitarsus exsoletus | ||
root | vagrant | Chrysomelidae | Longitarsus nasturtii | ||
root | vagrant | Chrysomelidae | Longitarsus fuscoaeneus | ||
root | vagrant | Chrysomelidae | Longitarsus nimrodi | ||
root | vagrant | Chrysomelidae | Longitarsus aeneicollis | ||
root | vagrant | doubtful | Chrysomelidae | Longitarsus quadriguttatus | |
leaf | hidden | Gelechiidae | Ethmia quadrillella | ||
leaf | hidden | Gelechiidae | Ethmia candidella | ||
leaf | hidden | Gelechiidae | Ethmia bipunctella | ||
leaf | hidden | Gelechiidae | Ethmia dodecea | ||
leaf | hidden | Tortricidae | Cnephasia incertana | ||
root | borer | larva | Chrysomelidae | Longitarsus anchusae | |
leaf | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Brachycaudus cardui | |
leaf bud | gall | Cecidomyiidae | Dasineura lithospermi | ||
leaf | down | Erysiphales | Golovinomyces cynoglossi complex | ||
leaf | down | Peronosporales | Peronospora lithospermi | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Agromyza abiens | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Agromyza lithospermi | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Phytomyza lithospermi | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Phytomyza medicaginis | ||
leaf | miner | Coleophoridae | Coleophora pennella | ||
leaf | miner | Gracillariidae | Dialectica imperialella | ||
leaf | pustule | Chytridiales | Synchytrium myosotidis | ||
leaf | pustule | aecia | Pucciniales | Puccinia cerinthes-agropyrina | |
leaf | pustule | aecia | doubtful | Pucciniales | Puccinia recondita |
stem | gall | Asterolecaniidae | Planchonia arabidis | ||
leaf | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Brachycaudus helichrysi |
Organ
the part of the plant that most conspicuously is hit by the parasiteall buds: both flower buds and leaf buds
flower: also inflorescence
leaf: also needle, phyllodium, petiole
leaf bud: also unfolding young leaf
fruit: also seed
root: also root stock, runners
root collar: also the lowest part of the stem
stem: also culm, the lower part of the peduncle, in grasses also leaf sheath
systemic: the entire above-ground plant.
PARASITIC MODE
borer: larva living internally, almost no outwards signsdown: 0.5-2 mm high fungal down
film: very thin cover of fungal tussue
gall: swelling and/or malformation
grazer: feeding at the outside of the plant
leaf spot: discoloured, often ± necrotic, generally not galled, sign of a fungus infection
miner-borer: larve initially makes a mine, lives as a borer later
pustule: plug of fungal tissue, generally brown-black and < 2 mm
stripe: longitudinal line of fungal tissue in a grass leaf
vagrant: (aphids, mites) living freely on the plant, at higher densitiy causing malformations.
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IMPORTANT
The host plant spectre of a parasite is rarely known exhaustively; this applies in particular at the species level. It is advisable therefore to check at least also the list of all parasites of this genus.