1a gallery from start to end; frass in isolated grains; pupation within the mine, in a, generally lower-surface, pupal chamber: Chromatomyia horticola

1b short gallery, soon widening in (and usually completely run over by) in a large brown blotch; frass in complicated fragments like barbed wire; pupation external: Agromyza abiens

1c galls, etc => Tables for all parasites per species