organ | parasitic mode | stage | note | taxonomic group | parasite |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
flower | hidden | Thripidae | Thrips vulgatissimus | ||
flower | hidden | Thripidae | Thrips montanus | ||
flower | hidden | Thripidae | Taeniothrips picipes | ||
flower | hidden | Thripidae | Thrips trehernei | ||
flower | hidden | Thripidae | Thrips atratus | ||
flower | vagrant | Thripidae | Thrips mancosetosus | ||
flower | hidden | Thripidae | Frankliniella intonsa | ||
flower | hidden | Thripidae | Frankliniella pallida | ||
stem | borer | Cerambycidae | Agapanthia villosoviridescens | ||
leaf | vagrant | Aphididae | Metopeurum gentianae | ||
root | borer | Pterophoridae | Stenoptilia graphodactyla | ||
leaf | down | Sclerotiniaceae | Botrytis cinerea f. gentianae-asclepiadeae | ||
leaf | leaf spot | Venturiaceae | Venturia atriseda | ||
leaf | leaf spot | Venturiaceae | Venturia atriseda | ||
leaf | leaf spot | Mycosphaerellaceae | Septoria gentianicola | ||
leaf | leaf spot | Cucurbitariaceae | Pyrenochaeta gentianae | ||
leaf | leaf spot | Phyllostictaceae | Phyllosticta durmitorensis | ||
leaf | leaf spot | Mycosphaerellaceae | Septoria microsora | ||
leaf | leaf spot | Phyllostictaceae | Phyllosticta gentianellae | ||
leaf | leaf spot | Capnodiales | Ramularia evanida | ||
fruit | vagrant | Lygaeidae | Spilostethus saxatilis | ||
leaf | vagrant | doubtful | Lygaeidae | Tropidothorax leucopterus | |
predator | Miridae | Dicyphus montandoni | |||
leaf | vagrant | adult | Curculionidae | Otiorhynchus krattereri | |
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Chromatomyia centaurii | ||
leaf | vagrant | Noctuidae | Lacanobia contigua | ||
leaf | vagrant | Noctuidae | Ceramica pisi | ||
flower | vagrant | Noctuidae | Elaphria venustula | ||
flower | vagrant | Geometridae | Eupithecia subumbrata | ||
flower | vagrant | Geometridae | Eupithecia satyrata | ||
fruit | vagrant | Geometridae | Perizoma juracolaria | ||
flower | vagrant | Geometridae | Mesotype didymata | ||
fruit | vagrant | Geometridae | Perizoma obsoletata | ||
flower | vagrant | younger larva | Lycaenidae | Phengaris rebeli | |
leaf | vagrant | doubtful | Nymphalidae | Melitaea varia | |
leaf | vagrant | Nymphalidae | Euphydryas aurinia | ||
flower | vagrant | younger larva | Lycaenidae | Phengaris alcon | |
leaf | vagrant | Tenthredinidae | Tenthredo atra | ||
leaf | vagrant | Tenthredinidae | Tenthredo propinqua | ||
leaf | vagrant | Thripidae | Thrips gentluteae | ||
flower | hidden | Thripidae | Thrips robustus | ||
flower | gall | Eriophyidae | Eriophyes gentianae | ||
leaf | hidden | Pyralidae | Udea alpinalis | ||
leaf | hidden | Tortricidae | Clepsis senecionana | ||
leaf | miner | younger larva | Tortricidae | Cnephasia asseclana | |
leaf | hidden | older larva | Tortricidae | Cnephasia asseclana | |
leaf | hidden | Tortricidae | Cnephasia incertana | ||
fruit | borer | Tortricidae | Falseuncaria ruficiliana | ||
leaf | hidden | Tortricidae | Argyrotaenia ljungiana | ||
flower | hidden | Tortricidae | Endothenia marginana | ||
root collar | borer | Tortricidae | Aethes aurofasciana | ||
leaf | vagrant | Eriophyidae | Epitrimerus gentianae | ||
stem | borer | Pterophoridae | Stenoptilia nelorum | ||
stem | borer | Pterophoridae | Stenoptilia asclepiadeae | ||
flower | borer | Pterophoridae | Stenoptilia coprodactylus | ||
unknown | unknown | Pterophoridae | Stenoptilia lutescens | ||
flower | borer | Adelidae | Nemophora violellus | ||
leaf | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Aphis fabae fabae | |
fruit | borer | Tortricidae | Gynnidomorpha permixtana | ||
fruit | borer | Anthomyiidae | Botanophila gentianae | ||
root collar | vagrant | Aphididae | Aphis orocantabrica | ||
leaf | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Aphis fabae solanella | |
fruit | gall | Microbotryales | Microbotryum nannfeldtii | ||
flower | gall | doubtful | Cecidomyiidae | Dasineura gentianae | |
leaf | down | Peronosporales | Peronospora gentianae | ||
leaf | leaf spot | Capnodiales | Cladosporium gentianae | ||
leaf | gall | Aphididae | Aphis gentianae | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Chromatomyia gentianae | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Chromatomyia gentianella | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Chromatomyia gentii | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Chromatomyia hoppiella | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Chromatomyia pseudogentii | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Chromatomyia skuratowiczi | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Chromatomyia vernalis | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Liriomyza amarellae | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Liriomyza bryoniae | ||
leaf | miner | Pterophoridae | Stenoptilia zophodactylus | ||
leaf | pustule | Chytridiales | Synchytrium aureum | ||
leaf | pustule | aecia uredinia telia | Pucciniales | Puccinia gentianae | |
leaf | pustule | uredinia telia | Pucciniales | Uromyces gentianae | |
leaf | pustule | uredinia telia | Pucciniales | Cronartium flaccidum | |
leaf | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Aphis fabae | |
stem | borer | Pterophoridae | Stenoptilia pneumonanthes | ||
stem | gall | Asterolecaniidae | Planchonia arabidis | ||
root collar | gall | doubtful | Curculionidae | Smicronyx swertiae | |
systemic | gall | Eriophyidae | Aculus kerneri | ||
unknown | unknown | Curculionidae | Smicronyx reichii |
Organ
the part of the plant that most conspicuously is hit by the parasiteall buds: both flower buds and leaf buds
flower: also inflorescence
leaf: also needle, phyllodium, petiole
leaf bud: also unfolding young leaf
fruit: also seed
root: also root stock, runners
root collar: also the lowest part of the stem
stem: also culm, the lower part of the peduncle, in grasses also leaf sheath
systemic: the entire above-ground plant.
PARASITIC MODE
borer: larva living internally, almost no outwards signsdown: 0.5-2 mm high fungal down
film: very thin cover of fungal tussue
gall: swelling and/or malformation
grazer: feeding at the outside of the plant
leaf spot: discoloured, often ± necrotic, generally not galled, sign of a fungus infection
miner-borer: larve initially makes a mine, lives as a borer later
pustule: plug of fungal tissue, generally brown-black and < 2 mm
stripe: longitudinal line of fungal tissue in a grass leaf
vagrant: (aphids, mites) living freely on the plant, at higher densitiy causing malformations.
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IMPORTANT
The host plant spectre of a parasite is rarely known exhaustively; this applies in particular at the species level. It is advisable therefore to check at least also the list of all parasites of this genus.