Galeopsis hemp-nettle
(For a dichotomous table for galls on Galeopsis by Hans Roskam click here)Dichotomous table for leafminers
1a mine upper- or lower-surface; frass in two lines; larva a maggot => 2
1b mine full depth; frass in a single line; larva with chitinised head => 9
1c galls, etc => Tables for all parasites per species
Dichotomous table for leafminers
1a mine upper- or lower-surface; frass in two lines; larva a maggot => 2
1b mine full depth; frass in a single line; larva with chitinised head => 9
1c galls, etc => Tables for all parasites per species
2a corridor from start to end => 3
2b narrow, hardly widening corridor, suddenly widened into (and often overrun by) a large blotch => 6
3a first part of the corridor in a tight spiral; leaf tissue there often discoloured: Liriomyza eupatorii
3b no spiral => 4
4a corridor pinnately branched, its main branch overlying the midrib: Liriomyza strigata
4b corridor not pinnate, independent from the midrib => 5
5a frass in widely spaced grains; puparium in the mine, in a, usually lower-surface, pupal chamber: Chromatomyia horticola
5b frass in strings; pupation outside the mine: Liriomyza bryoniae
6a gallery gradually widening into a blotch; blotch usually on top of the midrib: Liriomyza xanthocera
6b gallery changes abruptly in a blotch, that may be situated anywhere on the leaf => 7
7a frass in the corridor part of the mine in a broad, green central band, with minute black granules at either side: Amauromyza labiatarum
7b frass in black grains and thread fragments => 8
8a frass in the entire corridor in neat thread fragments, alternating along the sides: Amauromyza lamii
8b frass in the corridor in shorter, untidy fragments; towards the end mainly in grains: Amauromyza morionella
9a mines small, variable, of indefinite shape; the older larvae live free among spun leaves => 10
9b mine not remarkably small, gallery or blotch; larvae mine all their life => 11
10a larva: pinacula colourless (the bases of the setae themselves are black) : Cnephasia incertana
10b pinacula black: Cnephasia stephensiana
11a corridor: Apteropeda orbiculata
11b blotch (may have extensions): Dibolia cynoglossi and D. depressiuscula