Ballota black horehound
(For a dichotomous table for galls on Ballota by Hans Roskam click here)
Dichotomous table for leafminers
1a mine full depth; larva with chitinised head => 2
1b mine upper- or lower-surface; larva a maggot => 4
1c fleck mine => 9
1d galls, etc => Tables for all parasites per species
Dichotomous table for leafminers
1a mine full depth; larva with chitinised head => 2
1b mine upper- or lower-surface; larva a maggot => 4
1c fleck mine => 9
1d galls, etc => Tables for all parasites per species
2a at the start of the mine a shining black drop of dried secretion: Trachys pumilus
2b no such drop => 3
3a mine strongly contracted: Stephensia calpella
3b mine flat: Dibolia cynoglossi, depressiuscula
4a corridor from start to end, may form a secondary blotch => 5
4b narrow, hardly widening, corridor, abruptly followed (and often overrun) by a large primary blotch => 7
4c mine inadequately described (“a blotch”); species from southern Europe: Amauromyza balcanica
5a the middle part of the corridor forms a distinct secondary blotch: Phytomyza salviae
5b nowhere does the corridor form a secondary blotch => 6
6a corridor pinnately branched, its main branch overlying the midrib; frass in strings; pupation outside the mine: Liriomyza strrigata
6b corridor not pinnate, not associated with the midrib; frass in discrete granules; pupation in the mine in a, usually lower-surface, pupal chamber: Chromatomyia horticola
7a frass in the corridor part in a broad, green central line, with very fine black granules at either side: Amauromyza labiatarum
7b frass in black grains or thread fragments along the corridor wal => 8
8a in the entire corridor the frass in clear thread fragments, neatly alternating along the sides: Amauromyza lamii
8b frass in the corridor in untidy thread fragments, towards the end mostly in grains: Amauromyza morionella
9a rear end of the case bent downwards: Coleophora ballotella
9b not so => 10
10a case conspicuously laterally compressed, especially near the end: Coleophora lineolea
10b case hardly compressed: Coleophora ochripennella
Not included in the key: Amauromyza leonuri; Coleophora pennella; Dibolia maura.