1a fleck mine; larva mines from a case (lobe case) => 2

1b corridor or blotch; larva mines from within = 5

1c galls, etc => Tables for all parasites per species

2a rear end of the case strongly curved downwards => 3

2b rear end almost straight => 4

3a mouth angle 45°: Coleophora phlomidella & C. inusitatella

3b mouth angle 90°: Coleophora phlomidis

4a the case consists of only 3 leaf fragments, the last one much larger than the first two: Coleophora conspersa

4a the case consits of many more leaf fragments that do not differ strongly in size: Coleophora lineolea

5a larva with a chitinised head; pupation within the mine => 6

5b larva a maggot => 8

6a oviposition site covered with a shining black drop of dried secretion => 7

6b no such drop: Dibolia depressiuscula, rugulosa

7a on Phlomis herba-venti & lychnitis: Trachys goberti

7b on Phlomis purpurea (it is by no means certain that this forms a reliable differentiating character!): T. pumilus

8a upper-surface blotch, preceded by a long corridor: Amauromyza morionella

8b mine probably identical; larvae not, and mines hardly or not at all described: Amauromuza balcanica, A. leonuri, A. madrilena