1a fleck mines (full depth, no frass; a hole, that has given entrance to the larva) => 2

1b corridor or blotch, mostly containing frass => 5

1c galls, etc => Tables for all parasites per species

2a larva mines from a helicoidal case: Apterona helicinella

2b larva mines from a silken tube => 3

2c larva free under the leaf; there a loose spinning, in which frass grains are trapped => 4

3a the tube descends to the ground, covered with dirt: Titanio normalis, T. tarraconensis

3b tube between spun leaves, not descending to the ground: Dichomeris lamprostoma

4a on Convolvulus canariensis, floridus; Canary Islands: Bedellia silvicolella

4b on C. cantabrica, southern Europe: Bedellia ehikella

4c on other hostplants; cosmopolitain: Bedellia somnulentella

5a mine small, irregular in shape, with very little frass; older larvae among spun leaves: Cnephasia incertana

5b mine not unusually small; larva mines all its life => 6

6a corridor, not widened into a blotch => 7

6b mine, at least in the end, forming a blotc => 9

7a larva a maggot; pupation within the mine; frass in discrete grains: Chromatomyia horticola

7b larva with thoracic legs and chitinised head; pupation outside the mine; frass not in grains => 8

8a gallery, often very long, beginning at globular egg shell somewhere on the leaf; larva without feet: Stigmella freyella

8b gallery, not remarkably long, beginning at an oval egg shell, usually placed on top of a thick vein; larva with thoracic feet and prolegs => 4

9a oviposition spot covered by a shining drop of dried secretion: Trachys puncticollis

9b no such drop => 10

10a blotch, preceded by a clear corridor section: Bucculatrix cantabricella

10b blotch, narrowed at its start, but not preceded by a clear corridor => 11

11a on Convolvulus floridus; Canary Islands: Hodgesiella rhodorrhisella

11b on other hostplants; continental Europe: Hodgesiella rebeli