organ | parasitic mode | stage | note | taxonomic group | parasite |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
leaf | vagrant | Cicadellidae | Circulifer tenellus | ||
leaf | vagrant | Cicadellidae | Circulifer haematoceps | ||
leaf | vagrant | Cicadellidae | Empoasca pteridis | ||
leaf | vagrant | Cicadellidae | Eupteryx atropunctata | ||
leaf | vagrant | Cixiidae | Pentastiridius leporinus | ||
leaf | vagrant | Cicadellidae | Zyginidia sohrab | ||
unknown | unknown | Curculionidae | Melaleucus spoliatus | ||
root collar | vagrant | Curculionidae | Omias rotundatus | ||
unknown | unknown | Curculionidae | Conorhynchus mendicus | ||
stem | borer | Curculionidae | Lixus incanescens | ||
unknown | unknown | Curculionidae | Lixus brevirostris | ||
unknown | unknown | Curculionidae | Lixus juncii | ||
leaf | vagrant | Chrysomelidae | Cassida nebulosa | ||
leaf | vagrant | Chrysomelidae | Cassida vittata | ||
leaf | vagrant | Chrysomelidae | Cassida nobilis | ||
leaf | vagrant | Chrysomelidae | Cassida seraphina | ||
root | borer | Chrysomelidae | Chaetocnema picipes | ||
root | borer | Chrysomelidae | Chaetocnema tibialis | ||
root | borer | Chrysomelidae | Chaetocnema breviuscula | ||
leaf | hidden | Crambidae | Loxostege sticticalis | ||
stem | borer | Curculionidae | Cosmobaris scolopacea | ||
leaf | gall | Triozidae | Heterotrioza chenopodii | ||
leaf | hidden | Thripidae | Thrips angusticeps | ||
root | gall | Actinomycetales | Streptomyces scabies | ||
root | gall | Erwinia herbicola | |||
root | vagrant | larva | Curculionidae | Asproparthenis punctiventris | |
leaf | hidden | Crambidae | Spoladea recurvalis | ||
root | scale | Pseudococcidae | Phenacoccus tergrigorianae | ||
leaf | hidden | Crambidae | Achyra nudalis | ||
unknown | unknown | Scythrididae | Eretmocera medinella | ||
leaf | vagrant | Triozidae | Bactericera nigricornis | ||
flower | hidden | Thripidae | Frankliniella intonsa | ||
unknown | unknown | Hemicycliophoridae | Hemicycliophora conida | ||
root | gall | larva | Curculionidae | Bothynoderes declivis | |
root | gall | Curculionidae | Bothynoderes affinis | ||
stem | borer | larva | Curculionidae | Lixus subtilis | |
stem | borer | larva | Curculionidae | Lixus scabricollis | |
leaf | scale | Aleyrodidae | Aleurodicus dispersus | ||
root | vagrant | Aphididae | Pemphigus fuscicornis | ||
fruit | vagrant | Coleophoridae | Coleophora adspersella | ||
leaf | vagrant | Aphididae | Aphis gossypii | ||
leaf | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Aphis fabae solanella | |
root | vagrant | Aphididae | Rhopalosiphoninus latysiphon | ||
leaf | down | Erysiphales | Erysiphe betae | ||
leaf | down | Erysiphales | Leveillula cylindrospora | ||
leaf | down | Peronosporales | Peronospora schachtii | ||
leaf | leaf spot | Capnodiales | Ramularia beticola | ||
leaf | gall | rarely | Aphididae | Hayhurstia atriplicis | |
leaf | gall | Aphididae | Parapiesma quadratum | ||
leaf | gall | Blastocladiales | Physoderma leproides | ||
leaf | gall | Meloidogynidae | Meloidogyne artiellia | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Liriomyza bryoniae | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Liriomyza huidobrensis | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Liriomyza strigata | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Liriomyza trifolii | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Amauromyza flavifrons | ||
leaf | miner | Anthomyiidae | Pegomya betae | ||
leaf | miner | Anthomyiidae | Pegomya cunicularia | ||
leaf | miner | Anthomyiidae | Pegomya hyoscyami | ||
leaf | miner | Coleophoridae | Coleophora crepidinella | ||
leaf | miner | Curculionidae | Pseudophytobius acalloides | ||
leaf | miner | Drosophilidae | Scaptomyza graminum | ||
leaf | miner | Ephydridae | Clanoneurum cimiciforme | ||
leaf | miner | Ephydridae | Psilopa leucostoma | ||
leaf | miner | Gelechiidae | Scrobipalpa atriplicella | ||
leaf | miner | Gelechiidae | Scrobipalpa nitentella | ||
leaf | miner | Gelechiidae | Scrobipalpa ocellatella | ||
leaf | pustule | aecia | Pucciniales | Puccinia isiacae | |
leaf | pustule | aecia uredinia telia | Pucciniales | Uromyces beticola | |
leaf | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Aphis fabae | |
leaf | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Aphis fabae fabae | |
stem | gall | Rhizobiales | Agrobacterium tumefaciens | ||
root collar | gall | Actinomycetales | Rhodococcus fascians | ||
root | borer | Pratylenchidae | Pratylenchus pratensis | ||
root | gall | Heteroderidae | Heterodera schachtii | ||
root | gall | Heteroderidae | Heterodera trifolii | ||
root | gall | Longidoridae | Paralongidorus maximus | ||
root | gall | Meloidogynidae | Meloidogyne hapla | ||
root | gall | Meloidogynidae | Meloidogyne naasi | ||
root | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Smynthurodes betae | |
leaf | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Myzus persicae | |
leaf | vagrant | Aphididae | Macrosiphum euphorbiae | ||
leaf | vagrant | Aphididae | Aulacorthum solani | ||
root | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Rhopalosiphoninus staphyleae tulipaellus |
Organ
the part of the plant that most conspicuously is hit by the parasiteall buds: both flower buds and leaf buds
flower: also inflorescence
leaf: also needle, phyllodium, petiole
leaf bud: also unfolding young leaf
fruit: also seed
root: also root stock, runners
root collar: also the lowest part of the stem
stem: also culm, the lower part of the peduncle, in grasses also leaf sheath
systemic: the entire above-ground plant.
PARASITIC MODE
borer: larva living internally, almost no outwards signsdown: 0.5-2 mm high fungal down
film: very thin cover of fungal tussue
gall: swelling and/or malformation
grazer: feeding at the outside of the plant
leaf spot discoloured, often ± necrotic, generally not galled, sign of a fungus infection
miner-borer: larve initially makes a mine, lives as a borer later
pustule: plug of fungal tissue, generally brown-black and < 2 mm
stripe: longitudinal line of fungal tissue in a grass leaf
vagrant: (aphids, mites) living freely on the plant, at higher densitiy causing malformations.
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IMPORTANT
The host plant spectre of a parasite is rarely known exhaustively; this applies in particular at the species level. It is advisable therefore to check at least also the list of all parasites of this genus.
Last modified 8.ii.2021