1a small mine of indefinite shape; larva, with distinct head and feet, later lives free among spun leaves: Cnephasia incertana

1b mine a gallery, not remarkably small; the larva, a maggot, mines all its life => 2

1c galls, etc => Tables for all parasites per species

2a pupation within the mine, in a, generally lower-surface, pupal chamber; frass in well separated grains: Chromatomyia horticola

2b pupation outside the mine; frass in strings => 3

3a mine pinnately branched, main and side veins on top of midrib and side veins: Liriomyza strigata

3b mine little, irregularly branched, not associated with the venation of the leaf: Liriomyza bryoniae