1a fleck mine => 2

1b large blotch => 4

1c corridor from start to end: Liriomyza congesta

1d galls, etc => Tables for all parasites per species

2a case entirely wrapped in a white, “foamy” pallium: Coleophora valesianella

2b lobe case, made up of leaf fragments => 3

3a mouth opening of the case strongly shifted sidewards: Coleophora onobrychiella

3b mouth opening normal: Coleophora colutella

4a larva a maggot; a short broad corridor widened into a blotch overlying the midrib: Agromyza nana

4b larva with chitinised head; a long narrow corridor suddenly widened into, and usually completely overrun by, a blotch that occupies almost the entire leaflet: Trifurcula cryptella, ortneri