Scorpiurus caterpillar-plant
Dichotomous table for leafminers
1a fleck mine; larva mines from a helicoidal case: Apterona helicoidella
1b corridor mine; larva (a maggot) lives within the mine => 2
1c galls, etc. => Tables for all parasites per species
2afrass in isolated grains; pupation withinnthe mine: Chromatomya horticola
2b frass in abroad green central band; pupation outside the mine: Liriomyza congesta