1a mine small, irregular, full depth; larva, with chitinised head, later lives free among spun leaves: Cnephasia incertana

1b upper- or lower-surface corridor or blotch; larva, a maggot, mines all its life => 2

1c galls, etc => Tables for all parasites per species

2a elongate blotch on top of the midrib, with side branches: Liriomyza xanthocera

2b corridor => 3

3a pupation within the mine, in a, usually loower-surface, pupal chamber; frass in well-spaced grains: Chromatomyia horticola

3b pupation outside the mine; frass otherwise => 4

4a frass in broad green central band: Liriomyza congesta

4b frass in irregular strings at either side of the corridor: Lriomyza bryoniae