organ | parasitic mode | stage | note | taxonomic group | parasite |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
root | borer | Buprestidae | Sphenoptera antiqua | ||
root | borer | Buprestidae | Sphenoptera antiqua | ||
fruit | borer | Chrysomelidae | Bruchidius sericatus | ||
fruit | borer | Chrysomelidae | Bruchidius varius | ||
flower | borer | Apionidae | Protapion trifolii | ||
fruit | vagrant | Coleophoridae | Coleophora paramayrella | ||
leaf | down | Erysiphales | Erysiphe trifoliorum | ||
leaf | down | Peronosporales | Peronospora trifoliorum | ||
leaf | miner | Gracillariidae | Phyllonorycter nigrescentella | ||
leaf | pustule | aecia uredinia telia | Pucciniales | Uromyces fallens | |
leaf | pustule | aecia uredinia telia | Pucciniales | Uromyces trifolii-repentis | |
leaf | pustule | telia | Pucciniales | Uromyces flectens | |
leaf | pustule | telia | Pucciniales | Uromyces trifolii | |
stem | vagrant | Aphididae | Aphis craccivora |
Organ
the part of the plant that most conspicuously is hit by the parasiteall buds: both flower buds and leaf buds
flower: also inflorescence
leaf: also needle, phyllodium, petiole
leaf bud: also unfolding young leaf
fruit: also seed
root: also root stock, runners
root collar: also the lowest part of the stem
stem: also culm, the lower part of the peduncle, in grasses also leaf sheath
systemic: the entire above-ground plant.
PARASITIC MODE
borer: larva living internally, almost no outwards signsdown: 0.5-2 mm high fungal down
film: very thin cover of fungal tussue
gall: swelling and/or malformation
grazer: feeding at the outside of the plant
leaf spot: discoloured, often ± necrotic, generally not galled, sign of a fungus infection
miner-borer: larve initially makes a mine, lives as a borer later
pustule: plug of fungal tissue, generally brown-black and < 2 mm
stripe: longitudinal line of fungal tissue in a grass leaf
vagrant: (aphids, mites) living freely on the plant, at higher densitiy causing malformations.
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IMPORTANT
The host plant spectre of a parasite is rarely known exhaustively; this applies in particular at the species level. It is advisable therefore to check at least also the list of all parasites of this genus.