Carpinus hornbeam
(For a dichotomous table for galls on Carpinus by Hans Roskam click here)Dichotomous table for leafminers
1a corridor mine => 2
1b blotch mine, from which in the end a circular excision is made, almost as large as the blotch itself => 6
1c blotch without excision; no initial corridor => 7
1d tentiform mine => 11
1e fleck mine => 13
1f galls, etc => Tables for all parasites per species
Dichotomous table for leafminers
1a corridor mine => 2
1b blotch mine, from which in the end a circular excision is made, almost as large as the blotch itself => 6
1c blotch without excision; no initial corridor => 7
1d tentiform mine => 11
1e fleck mine => 13
1f galls, etc => Tables for all parasites per species
2a mine < 1 cm, containing much frass: Bucculatrix thoracella
2b mine longer, not containing so much frass => 3
3a mine upper surface, frass in two rows: “Agromyza alnibetulae”
3b mine full depth, frass in one central line => 4
4a mine long, over its entire length not wide than the larva itself; frass in a narrow central line. Egg not placed deeply in a vein axill: Stigmella microtheriella
4b mine shorter, wider, much wider than the larva; oviposition in a vein exill => 5
5a frass in the second half of the mine scattered, in grains: Stigmella floslactella
5b frass here in thick lumps (unsafe distinction): Stigmella carpinella
6a larva**: pronotum brown, meso- and metanotum each with a pair of dark spots: Incurvaria masculella
6b larva**: entire thorax dorsally yellowish-grey: Incurvaria pectinea
6c larva**: pronotum with a black plate: Incurvaria oehlmanniella
7a on the point of oviposition (almost always the leaf tip) a shining black drop of dried secretion: Trachys minutus
7b no such drop => 8
8a mine begins at the margin of the leaf; frass often in long threads; larva without feet => 9
8b mine begins more centrally; frass in loose granules; larva with feet => 10
9a larva: prothorax entirely white (occurrence on this host plant uncertain): Dyseriocrania subpurpurella
9b larva: pronotum with two irregular black spots: Paracrania chrysolepidella
10a silvery, upper-surface blotch: Phyllonorycter esperella (young mine)
10b small squarish brown blotch; older larva lives free, under a leaf fold: Parornix carpinella
11a mine upper-surface, not limited by lateral veins; starts as a flat, silvery blotch: Phyllonorycter esperella
11b mine lower-surface, between two lateral veins; 1 longitudinal fold => 12
12a cocoon generally without frass; cremaster with 2 pairs of hooks of almost equal size; exclusively on Carpinus: Phyllonorycter tenerella
12b cocoon generally incrusted with frass grains; exterior pair of cremaster hooks ca. 3 x as long and thick as the interior pair; rarely on Carpinus: Phyllonorycter messaniella
13a lobe case => 14
13b composite leaf case => 16
13c tubular leaf case => 18
13d spatulate laf case: Coleophora milvipennis (unusual on the host plant)
13e pistol case => 19
14a rear end of case strongly curved; mouth angle 60-80°: Coleophora fuscocuprella
14b case straight; mouth angle 0°: Coleophora violacea
15a the ringlets that are used to enlarge the case are cut from the upper epidermis of the lea: Coleophora violacea
15b these rings are cut from the lower epidermis: Coleophora ahenella
16a extension of the case by way of narrow rings appended to the mouth; case strongly curved: Coleophora serratella (youth case)
16b extension by way of pieces of plant cuticula; case straight => 17
17a old and new parts of the case of the same colour; cases in August-October: Coleophora orbitella
17b old and new parts differ in colour; cases in September-May: Coleophora binderella (unusual on this host plant)
18a case smooth, flattened-tubular with a narrow dorsal keel; April-June: Coleophora serratella (eindzak)
18b case zeppelin-shaped, untidy with attached leaf fragments; August-July: Coleophora siccifolia
19a case shining black, 7 mm: Coleophora anatipenella
19b case dull black, 9 mm: Coleophora currucipennella
**This applies to the older larvae, after they have dropped themselves on the ground; it is still unclear how they compare to the mining larvae.