Plant Parasites of Europe

leafminers, galls and fungi

Quercus ilex

evergreen oak, holm oak

synonym: Quercus glauca Bosc ex Loisel., gracilis, grammuntia, smilax

organ parasitic mode stage note taxonomic group parasite
leaf vagrant Lycaenidae Satyrium esculi
leaf vagrant Notodontidae Harpyia milhauseri
stem borer Sesiidae Synanthedon codeti
stem borer Buprestidae Anthaxia millefolii
leaf vagrant Tingidae Stephanitis pyri
leaf vagrant Tingidae Monosteira lobulifera
leaf vagrant Tingidae Physatocheila confinis
leaf vagrant Noctuidae Trigonophora flammea
leaf vagrant Noctuidae Mniotype spinosa
leaf vagrant Noctuidae Mniotype solieri
unknown scale Kermesidae Kermes bacciformis
leaf miner Coleophoridae Coleophora flavipennella
leaf leaf spot Sporocadaceae Monochaetia monochaeta
root film Xylariaceae Dematophora necatrix
leaf leaf spot Dothideomycetes Asteromella maculiformis
leaf predator Miridae Globiceps sphaegiformis
leaf vagrant Miridae Psallus aurora
leaf vagrant adult Curculionidae Polydrusus bardus
leaf vagrant adult Curculionidae Polydrusus marcidus
predator Miridae Pilophorus perplexus
leaf vagrant Miridae Salicarus pusillus
leaf vagrant Miridae Psallus perrisi
predator Miridae Deraeocoris lutescens
predator Miridae Isometopus intrusus
leaf vagrant Miridae Globiceps novaki
leaf vagrant rarely Miridae Megacoelum beckeri
leaf vagrant Miridae Mimocoris rugicollis
leaf vagrant Phlaeothripidae Allothrips pillichellus
predator Miridae Heterotoma planicornis
predator Miridae Heterotoma diversipes
leaf vagrant Miridae Psallus varians
leaf vagrant Miridae Orthopidea fusciceps
leaf vagrant Miridae Phytocoris delicatulus
leaf vagrant Miridae Psallus quercus
leaf vagrant Miridae Phytocoris sanctipetri
leaf vagrant Miridae Orthotylus nassatus
leaf vagrant adult Curculionidae Polydrusus wymanni
leaf vagrant adult Curculionidae Polydrusus cocciferae
unknown unknown Curculionidae Oedecnemidius varius
stem borer Buprestidae Coraebus florentinus
root vagrant larva Curculionidae Otiorhynchus sulcatus
leaf scale Asterolecaniidae Asterodiaspis ilicicola
leaf scale Diaspididae Gonaspidiotus minimus
stem scale Margarodidae Kuwania rubra
leaf vagrant Sphingidae Marumba quercus
stem borer Cerambycidae Cerambyx cerdo
leaf vagrant Drepanidae Polyploca korbi
leaf vagrant Noctuidae Orthosia cerasi
stem borer Cerambycidae Cerambyx welensii
leaf vagrant Noctuidae Jodia croceago
leaf vagrant Noctuidae Griposia aprilina
leaf vagrant Noctuidae Dryobotodes eremita
leaf vagrant Noctuidae Dryobotodes monochroma
leaf vagrant Noctuidae Dryobotodes tenebrosa
leaf vagrant Noctuidae Dryobotodes roboris
leaf vagrant Tenthredinidae Periclista andrei
leaf vagrant Noctuidae Dryobota labecula
leaf vagrant Noctuidae Ammopolia witzenmanni
fruit borer Tortricidae Cydia aldocataniae
fruit borer Tortricidae Cydia rymarczyki
leaf vagrant Noctuidae Xanthia ruticilla
leaf vagrant Erebidae Lymantria dispar
leaf vagrant Lasiocampidae Malacosoma neustria
leaf vagrant Nolidae Pseudoips prasinana
leaf vagrant Noctuidae Nycteola revayana
leaf vagrant Erebidae Catocala nymphaea
leaf vagrant Erebidae Catocala dilecta
leaf vagrant Erebidae Catocala conversa
leaf vagrant Erebidae Catocala mariana
leaf vagrant Erebidae Catocala coniuncta
leaf vagrant Geometridae Peribatodes umbraria
leaf vagrant Geometridae Campaea honoraria
leaf vagrant Drepanidae Watsonalla uncinula
leaf vagrant Erebidae Catocala nymphagoga
leaf vagrant Erebidae Catocala sponsa
leaf vagrant Erebidae Minucia lunaris
flower vagrant Geometridae Eupithecia dodoneata
flower vagrant Geometridae Eupithecia cocciferata
leaf vagrant Geometridae Epirrita dilutata
leaf vagrant Geometridae Eupithecia irriguata
leaf vagrant Geometridae Cyclophora puppillaria
leaf vagrant Geometridae Ennomos quercaria
stem borer doubtful Buprestidae Sphenoptera notha
stem borer Curculionidae Taphrorychus minor
stem borer Buprestidae Latipalpis plana
stem borer Buprestidae Kisanthobia ariasi
stem borer Buprestidae Melanophila cuspidata
stem borer Buprestidae Acmaeoderella flavofasciata
stem borer Buprestidae Anthaxia milefolieta
stem borer Buprestidae Anthaxia salicis
stem borer Buprestidae Agrilus grandiceps
stem borer Buprestidae Acmaeodera ottomana
stem borer Buprestidae Nalanda fulgidicollis
stem borer Buprestidae Agrilus hastulifer
leaf vagrant adult Curculionidae Brachyderes pubescens
leaf vagrant adult Curculionidae Brachyderes incanus
leaf vagrant adult Curculionidae Brachyderes lusitanicus
leaf vagrant adult Curculionidae Brachyderes marginellus
stem borer Buprestidae Acmaeodera degener
stem borer Buprestidae Anthaxia hungarica
leaf vagrant adult Cicadellidae Allygidius atomarius
leaf vagrant Issidae Latilica maculipes
leaf vagrant Cicadellidae Stegelytra erythroneura
leaf vagrant Cicadellidae Stegelytra putoni
leaf vagrant Issidae Latilica tunetana
leaf vagrant Cicadellidae Lindbergina chobauti
leaf vagrant Cicadellidae Lindbergina spoliata
leaf vagrant larva Cicadellidae Lindbergina aurovittata
stem borer Curculionidae Scolytus intricatus
stem borer Curculionidae Xyleborus dryographus
stem borer Curculionidae Xyleborus monographus
stem borer Curculionidae Taphrorychus villifrons
inquiline Rhynchitidae Lasiorhynchites sericeus
leaf gall larva Attelabidae Attelabus nitens
unknown unknown doubtful Chrysomelidae Psylliodes laevifrons
leaf miner Curculionidae Orchestes irroratus
fruit borer larva Curculionidae Curculio pellitus
fruit borer Curculionidae Curculio reichei
unknown unknown larva Curculionidae Coeliodes trifasciatus
leaf vagrant adult Curculionidae Strophosoma melanogrammum
fruit borer larva Curculionidae Curculio elephas
leaf vagrant Phlaeothripidae Liothrips pragensis
leaf vagrant Phlaeothripidae Compsothrips albosignatus
unknown unknown Chrysomelidae Psylliodes algirica
leaf vagrant adult Chrysomelidae Luperus sulphuripes
root vagrant Chrysomelidae Calomicrus ibericus
stem borer Curculionidae Magdalis exarata
leaf vagrant adult Rhynchitidae Auletobius politus
leaf hidden Tortricidae Tortricodes alternella
leaf vagrant Tortricidae Tortrix viridana
stem scale Eriococcidae Acanthococcus macedoniensis
stem scale Kermesidae Kermes ilicis
stem scale Diaspididae Targionia vitis
leaf hidden Pyralidae Phycita torrenti
leaf hidden Gelechiidae Carpatolechia decorella
leaf hidden Pyralidae Acrobasis glaucella
leaf hidden Tortricidae Archips xylosteana
fruit borer Tortricidae Cydia fagiglandana
stem scale Diaspididae Diaspidiotus zonatus
inquiline Eriophyidae Calepitrimerus parnisiensis
leaf gall Eriophyidae Aculops coutierei
leaf vagrant Eriophyidae Anthocoptes querciilicis
leaf vagrant Eriophyidae Achaetocoptes quercifolii
leaf bud borer Eriophyidae Aceria ecantyx
leaf vagrant Eriophyidae Cecidophyes caliquerci
inquiline Eriophyidae Eriophyes quercichrysolepis
fruit borer Tortricidae Cydia amplana
fruit borer Tortricidae Cydia molybdana
flower borer larva Curculionidae Coeliodes transversealbofasciatus
fruit borer larva Curculionidae Curculio glandium
bud borer larva Curculionidae Coeliodes ruber
fruit borer larva Curculionidae Curculio propinquus
leaf gall Attelabidae Attelabus variolosus
stem scale Kermesidae Nidularia pulvinata
leaf scale Aleyrodidae Pealius quercus
leaf scale Aleyrodidae Aleuroviggianus adrianae
leaf scale Aleyrodidae Aleuroviggianus polymorphus
stem scale Kermesidae Kermes echinatus
stem scale Kermesidae Kermes vermilio
leaf scale Coccidae Coccus hesperidum
stem scale Kermesidae Kermes roboris
leaf gall agamous generation Cynipidae Cerroneuroterus lanuginosus
stem gall Asterolecaniidae Asterodiaspis variolosa
stem scale Diaspididae Chionaspis lepineyi
fruit gall agamous generation Cynipidae Andricus dentimitratus
leaf bud gall sexual generation Cynipidae Andricus hispanicus
leaf bud gall agamous generation Cynipidae Andricus kollari
leaf gall agamous generation Cynipidae Pseudoneuroterus saliens
leaf bud gall Cynipidae Andricus quercustozae
leaf bud gall agamous generation Cynipidae Andricus solitarius
leaf bud gall sexual generation Cynipidae Biorhiza pallida
leaf bud gall Cynipidae Synophrus politus
leaf gall agamous generation Cynipidae Neuroterus anthracinus
stem gall Cynipidae Aphelonyx cerricola
leaf vagrant Phylloxeridae Phylloxera coccinea
leaf gall agamous generation Cynipidae Cynips quercus
leaf gall agamous generation Cynipidae Cynips disticha
leaf gall sexual generation Cynipidae Neuroterus albipes
leaf gall sexual generation Cynipidae Neuroterus tricolor
leaf gall Cecidomyiidae Dryomyia circinans
leaf bud gall Cynipidae Andricus singularis
stem gall sexual generation Cynipidae Plagiotrochus marianii
fruit borer agamous generation Cynipidae Callirhytis glandium
leaf bud gall Eriophyidae Aceria suberina
stem gall Aphididae Lachnus pallipes
stem vagrant Aphididae Lachnus iliciphilus
stem miner doubtful Nepticulidae Zimmermannia hispanica
leaf vagrant Aphididae Tuberculatus eggleri
leaf vagrant Aphididae Myzocallis cocciferina
leaf vagrant Aphididae Myzocallis komareki
leaf vagrant Aphididae Myzocallis mediterranea
leaf vagrant Aphididae Myzocallis boerneri
fruit gall Cynipidae Plagiotrochus burnayi
fruit gall Eriophyidae Aceria rudis
flower gall Cynipidae Plagiotrochus cardiguensis
flower gall Eriophyidae Eriophyes licopolii
leaf bud gall Cecidomyiidae Contarinia cocciferae
leaf bud gall Cecidomyiidae Phyllodiplosis cocciferae
leaf bud gall Cynipidae Plagiotrochus britaniae
leaf bud gall agamous generation Cynipidae Plagiotrochus marianii
leaf bud gall sexual generation Cynipidae Plagiotrochus razeti
leaf down Erysiphales Erysiphe pyrenaica
leaf down Erysiphales Phyllactinia orbicularis
leaf gall Cecidomyiidae Arnoldiola tympanifex
leaf gall Cecidomyiidae Contarinia ilicis
leaf gall Cecidomyiidae Contarinia minima
leaf gall Cecidomyiidae Dryomyia lichtensteinii
leaf gall Cynipidae Andricus crispator
leaf gall Cynipidae Plagiotrochus coriaceus
leaf gall sexual generation Cynipidae Plagiotrochus australis
leaf gall sexual generation Cynipidae Plagiotrochus quercusilicis
leaf gall Eriophyidae Aceria ilicis
leaf gall Eriophyidae Aculops coutierei
leaf gall Taphrinales Taphrina kruchii
leaf gall Triozidae Trioza ilicina
leaf miner Curculionidae Orchestes avellanae
leaf miner Curculionidae Orchestes erythropus
leaf miner Curculionidae Orchestes pilosus
leaf miner Curculionidae Orchestes sparsus
leaf miner Curculionidae Orchestes subfasciatus
leaf miner Gracillariidae Acrocercops brongniardella
leaf miner Gracillariidae Phyllonorycter belotella
leaf miner Gracillariidae Phyllonorycter endryella
leaf miner Gracillariidae Phyllonorycter messaniella
leaf miner Gracillariidae Phyllonorycter suberifoliella
leaf miner Gracillariidae Povolnya leucapennella
leaf miner Nepticulidae Ectoedemia algeriensis
leaf miner Nepticulidae Ectoedemia haraldi
leaf miner Nepticulidae Ectoedemia heringella
leaf miner Nepticulidae Ectoedemia ilicis
leaf miner Nepticulidae Ectoedemia phaeolepis
leaf miner Nepticulidae Ectoedemia suberis
leaf miner rarely Nepticulidae Stigmella eberhardi
leaf miner Nepticulidae Stigmella ilicifoliella
leaf miner Nepticulidae Stigmella suberivora
leaf pustule uredinia telia Pucciniales Cronartium quercuum
leaf vagrant spring generation Phylloxeridae Phylloxera quercus
stem borer Cynipidae Plagiotrochus vilageliui
stem borer agamous generation Cynipidae Plagiotrochus australis
stem borer sexual generation Cynipidae Callirhytis glandium
stem gall Cecidomyiidae Contarinia luteola
stem gall Cynipidae Plagiotrochus fonscolombei
stem gall Cynipidae Plagiotrochus gallaeramulorum
stem gall Cynipidae Plagiotrochus yeusei
stem gall agamous generation Cynipidae Plagiotrochus quercusilicis
stem vagrant Aphididae Lachnus roboris
root gall agamous generation Cynipidae Plagiotrochus razeti
systemic vagrant Aphididae Thelaxes suberi
leaf vagrant Aphididae Hoplocallis picta
leaf vagrant Aphididae Myzocallis schreiberi
leaf vagrant Aphididae Thelaxes dryophila
leaf vagrant Aphididae Myzocallis castanicola
leaf vagrant Aphididae Aphis gossypii

Organ

the part of the plant that most conspicuously is hit by the parasite

all buds: both flower buds and leaf buds
flower: also inflorescence
leaf: also needle, phyllodium, petiole
leaf bud: also unfolding young leaf
fruit: also seed
root: also root stock, runners
root collar: also the lowest part of the stem
stem: also culm, the lower part of the peduncle, in grasses also leaf sheath
systemic: the entire above-ground plant.

PARASITIC MODE

borer: larva living internally, almost no outwards signs
down: 0.5-2 mm high fungal down
film: very thin cover of fungal tussue
gall: swelling and/or malformation
grazer: feeding at the outside of the plant
leaf spot: discoloured, often ± necrotic, generally not galled, sign of a fungus infection
miner-borer: larve initially makes a mine, lives as a borer later
pustule: plug of fungal tissue, generally brown-black and < 2 mm
stripe: longitudinal line of fungal tissue in a grass leaf
vagrant: (aphids, mites) living freely on the plant, at higher densitiy causing malformations.

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IMPORTANT

The host plant spectre of a parasite is rarely known exhaustively; this applies in particular at the species level. It is advisable therefore to check at least also the list of all parasites of this genus.

 

Last modified 30.iii.2023