1a blotch or corridor mine => 2

1b lower-surface tentiform mine: Caloptilia stigmatella

1c fleck mine => 9

1d galls, etc => Tables for all parasites per species

2a at the start of the mine an egg shell => 3

2b no egg shell visible => 5

3a egg shell globular, shining; corridor strongly contorted, unbranched, finally > 3mm wide: Stigmella salicis

3b egg shell flat, oval, iridescent => 4

4a gallery often branched, at most 2 mm wide: Bucculatrix cidarella

4b most of the gallery in a dense spiral: Bucculatrix myricae

5a larva squat, without feet => 6

5b larva slender, with thoracic feet => 7

6a several mines in a leaf, mostly small with abundant frass; larva hibernates in the mine: Rhamphus pulicarius

6b mine large, solitary, inflated, transparant; pupa in the mine in a globular cocoon: Orchestes jota

7a mine full depth; larva reddish brown with black brown head: Spilonota ocellana

7b mine begins as an epidermal corridor, turning into a (usually) lower surface blotch with full depth patches => 8

7a large blotch, usually with several, deep pink larvae: Atemelia torquatella

7b mine different => 8

8a narrow gallery along the leaf margin; later several large blotches are made; larva mines all its life: Lyonetia ledi

8b the young larva makes a small mine of indefinite shape: Spilonota ocellana

9a spatulate leaf case: Coleophora milvipennis

9b composite leaf case: Coleophora lusciniaepennella

9c tubular leaf case: 10

9d lobe case => 11

10a case large and untidy: Coleophora siccifolia

10b case neatly formed, laterally flattened, upper margin often serrated: Coleophora serratella

11a case more or less straigt, not conspicuously narrowed towards the rear end: Coleophora violacea

11b case strongly curved, strongly tapering towards the end: Coleophora cornutella