Viola violet
(For a dichotomous table for galls on Viola by Hans Roskam click here)Dichotomous table for leafminers
1a mine exclusively in the leaf blade => 2
1b next to the blade also the petiole is mined out => 5
1c galls, etc => Tables for all parasites per species
Dichotomous table for leafminers
1a mine exclusively in the leaf blade => 2
1b next to the blade also the petiole is mined out => 5
1c galls, etc => Tables for all parasites per species
2a fleck mine: Apterona elicoidella
2b corridor or blotch => 3
3a frass in strings; branched corridor: Liriomyza strigata
3b frass in fine grains; whitish blotch => 4
4a on Viola palustris: Galiomyza beckeri
4b on V. reichebachiana, riviniana, tricolor: Galiomyza violiphaga
5a larva a maggot: Liriomyza violicaulis
5b larva with feet and chitinised head: Pancalia nodosella
Not included in the key: Orthochaetes setiger.