organ | parasitic mode | stage | note | taxonomic group | parasite |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
leaf | leaf spot | Glomerellaceae | Colletotrichum gloeosporioides | ||
leaf | leaf spot | Mycosphaerellaceae | Ramularia agrestis var. deflectens | ||
leaf | leaf spot | Mycosphaerellaceae | Ramularia biflorae | ||
root | film | Ceratobasidiaceae | Rhizoctonia solani | ||
leaf | leaf spot | Capnodiales | Ramularia lactea | ||
leaf | vagrant | Miridae | Mecomma ambulans | ||
leaf | vagrant | Nymphalidae | Boloria thore | ||
root | vagrant | Thyreocoridae | Thyreocoris scarabaeoides | ||
leaf | vagrant | adult | Curculionidae | Barynotus obscurus | |
leaf | vagrant | Curculionidae | Barynotus moerens | ||
root | vagrant | Thyreocoridae | Thyreocoris fulvipennis | ||
leaf | vagrant | Noctuidae | Polia nebulosa | ||
leaf | vagrant | Geometridae | Scopula immutata | ||
leaf | vagrant | Noctuidae | Noctua janthina | ||
leaf | vagrant | Noctuidae | Xestia xanthographa | ||
leaf | vagrant | Noctuidae | Actebia praecox | ||
root | vagrant | Noctuidae | Agrotis exclamationis | ||
leaf | vagrant | Noctuidae | Diarsia mendica | ||
leaf | vagrant | Noctuidae | Noctua pronuba | ||
leaf | vagrant | Noctuidae | Charanyca ferruginea | ||
leaf | vagrant | Noctuidae | Polymixis flavicincta | ||
leaf | vagrant | Aphididae | Aulacorthum solani | ||
leaf | vagrant | doubtful | Aphididae | Neotoxoptera formosana | |
leaf | vagrant | Nymphalidae | Boloria titania | ||
leaf | vagrant | doubtful | Erebidae | Euclidia glyphica | |
leaf | vagrant | Nymphalidae | Boloria dia | ||
leaf | vagrant | Nymphalidae | Issoria lathonia | ||
leaf | hidden | Crambidae | Sitochroa verticalis | ||
leaf | vagrant | Geometridae | Camptogramma bilineata | ||
leaf | vagrant | Geometridae | Scopula nigropunctata | ||
leaf | vagrant | Nymphalidae | Argynnis paphia | ||
leaf | vagrant | Nymphalidae | Euphydryas maturna | ||
leaf | vagrant | rarely | Nymphalidae | Boloria eunomia | |
leaf | vagrant | Nymphalidae | Boloria selene | ||
leaf | vagrant | Nymphalidae | Boloria euphrosyne | ||
leaf | vagrant | Nymphalidae | Argynnis aglaja | ||
leaf | vagrant | Nymphalidae | Argynnis niobe | ||
leaf | vagrant | Nymphalidae | Argynnis adippe | ||
leaf | vagrant | Nymphalidae | Argynnis pandora | ||
leaf | vagrant | Nymphalidae | Argynnis elisa | ||
root collar | borer | Curculionidae | Leiosoma cribrum | ||
leaf | vagrant | adult | Cixiidae | Reptalus cuspidatus | |
flower | hidden | Thripidae | Taeniothrips picipes | ||
leaf | borer | younger larva | Cosmopterigidae | Pancalia schwarzella | |
leaf | vagrant | Tenthredinidae | Ametastegia pallipes | ||
leaf | hidden | Pyralidae | Udea murinalis | ||
stem | borer | Crambidae | Heliothela wulfeniana | ||
leaf | hidden | Tortricidae | Clepsis spectrana | ||
flower | hidden | Thripidae | Frankliniella intonsa | ||
leaf | miner | younger larva | Tortricidae | Cnephasia asseclana | |
leaf | hidden | older larva | Tortricidae | Cnephasia asseclana | |
leaf | vagrant | Eriophyidae | Aculus schubarti | ||
leaf | gall | Aphrophoridae | Philaenus spumarius | ||
root | vagrant | older larva | Cosmopterigidae | Pancalia leeuwenhoekella | |
leaf | borer | younger larva | Cosmopterigidae | Pancalia leeuwenhoekella | |
fruit | borer | larva | Curculionidae | Orobitis cyanea | |
leaf | miner | Curculionidae | Orthochaetes setiger | ||
leaf | scale | Aleyrodidae | Aleyrodes lonicerae | ||
leaf | leaf spot | Capnodiales | Cercospora violae | ||
leaf | leaf spot | Capnodiales | Ramularia agrestis | ||
leaf | vagrant | Aphididae | Neotoxoptera violae | ||
systemic | borer | Anguinidae | Ditylenchus dipsaci | ||
fruit | gall | Urocystidales | Urocystis kmetiana | ||
leaf bud | gall | Cecidomyiidae | Dasineura violae | ||
leaf | down | Erysiphales | Golovinomyces orontii | ||
leaf | down | Peronosporales | Peronospora violae | ||
leaf | gall | Aphelenchoididae | Aphelenchoides fragariae | ||
leaf | gall | Cecidomyiidae | Dasineura affinis | ||
leaf | gall | Cecidomyiidae | Dasineura odoratae | ||
leaf | gall | Cecidomyiidae | Dasineura violahirtae | ||
leaf | gall | Cecidomyiidae | Prodiplosis violicola | ||
leaf | gall | Eriophyidae | Cecidophyes violae | ||
leaf | gall | Eriophyidae | Coptophylla borealis | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Galiomyza beckeri | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Galiomyza violiphaga | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Liriomyza strigata | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Liriomyza violicaulis | ||
leaf | miner | Cosmopterigidae | Pancalia nodosella | ||
leaf | miner | Curculionidae | Orthochaetes insignis | ||
leaf | miner | Psychidae | Apterona helicoidella | ||
leaf | pustule | Chytridiales | Synchytrium alpinum | ||
leaf | pustule | Chytridiales | Synchytrium aureum | ||
leaf | pustule | Chytridiales | Synchytrium globosum | ||
leaf | pustule | Chytridiales | Synchytrium saxifragae | ||
leaf | pustule | aecia | Pucciniales | Puccinia cynodontis | |
leaf | pustule | aecia uredinia telia | Pucciniales | Puccinia violae | |
leaf | pustule | aecia | Pucciniales | Melampsora lapponum | |
leaf | pustule | uredinia | Pucciniales | Uredo alpestris | |
leaf | pustule | telia | Pucciniales | Puccinia fergussonii | |
leaf | pustule | telia | Pucciniales | Puccinia ruebelii | |
leaf | pustule | telia | Pucciniales | Puccinia alpina | |
leaf | stripe | Urocystidales | Urocystis violae | ||
leaf | vagrant | Eriophyidae | Epitrimerus violarius | ||
root collar | gall | Actinomycetales | Rhodococcus fascians | ||
root collar | vagrant | Aphididae | Aphis violae | ||
root | gall | Meloidogynidae | Meloidogyne hapla | ||
predator | Cecidomyiidae | Lestodiplosis affinis | |||
leaf | vagrant | Aphididae | Aphis gossypii | ||
leaf | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Brachycaudus helichrysi | |
leaf | vagrant | Aphididae | Myzus cymbalariae | ||
leaf | vagrant | Aphididae | Myzus ascalonicus | ||
leaf | vagrant | Aphididae | Myzus certus | ||
root | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Rhopalosiphoninus staphyleae tulipaellus | |
root | vagrant | Aphididae | Rhopalosiphoninus latysiphon | ||
leaf | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Myzus persicae | |
stem | vagrant | rarely | Aphididae | Illinoia azaleae | |
leaf | vagrant | Aphididae | Myzus ornatus |
Organ
the part of the plant that most conspicuously is hit by the parasiteall buds: both flower buds and leaf buds
flower: also inflorescence
leaf: also needle, phyllodium, petiole
leaf bud: also unfolding young leaf
fruit: also seed
root: also root stock, runners
root collar: also the lowest part of the stem
stem: also culm, the lower part of the peduncle, in grasses also leaf sheath
systemic: the entire above-ground plant.
PARASITIC MODE
borer: larva living internally, almost no outwards signsdown: 0.5-2 mm high fungal down
film: very thin cover of fungal tussue
gall: swelling and/or malformation
grazer: feeding at the outside of the plant
leaf spot discoloured, often ± necrotic, generally not galled, sign of a fungus infection
miner-borer: larve initially makes a mine, lives as a borer later
pustule: plug of fungal tissue, generally brown-black and < 2 mm
stripe: longitudinal line of fungal tissue in a grass leaf
vagrant: (aphids, mites) living freely on the plant, at higher densitiy causing malformations.
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IMPORTANT
The host plant spectre of a parasite is rarely known exhaustively; this applies in particular at the species level. It is advisable therefore to check at least also the list of all parasites of this genus.
Last modified 31.vii.2022