organ | parasitic mode | stage | note | taxonomic group | parasite |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
leaf | vagrant | Pyralidae | Udea olivalis | ||
root | vagrant | Tenebrionidae | Opatrum sabulosum | ||
leaf | vagrant | Noctuidae | Orthosia incerta | ||
root | vagrant | Hepialidae | Hepialus humuli | ||
root | film | Plectosphaerellaceae | Verticillium albo-atrum | ||
root | film | Plectosphaerellaceae | Verticillium dahliae | ||
systemic | pustule | Sclerotiniaceae | Sclerotinia sclerotiorum | ||
systemic | film | Pythiaceae | Pythium perplexum | ||
root | film | Peronosporaceae | Phytophthora citricola | ||
root | film | Platygloeales | Helicobasidium purpureum | ||
stem | down | Nectriaceae | Fusarium sambucinum | ||
stem | kanker | Nectriaceae | Gibberella pulicaris | ||
leaf | leaf spot | Pleosporales | Phoma exigua var. exigua | ||
leaf | leaf spot | Phaeosphaeriaceae | Hendersonia lupuli | ||
systemic | down | Sclerotiniaceae | Botrytis cinerea | ||
leaf | leaf spot | Didymellaceae | Phaeomycocentrospora cantuariensis | ||
leaf | leaf spot | Phyllostictaceae | Phyllosticta lupulina | ||
leaf | leaf spot | Didymellaceae | Ascochyta humuli | ||
leaf | leaf spot | Pleosporaceae | Macrosporium cladosporioides | ||
leaf | leaf spot | Phyllostictaceae | Phyllosticta humuli | ||
leaf | leaf spot | Didymellaceae | Ascochyta humuliphila | ||
leaf | vagrant | Miridae | Apolygus lucorum | ||
leaf | vagrant | Miridae | Apolygus spinolae | ||
leaf | vagrant | Miridae | Lygocoris pabulinus | ||
leaf | vagrant | Miridae | Lygus rugulipennis | ||
leaf | vagrant | adult | Curculionidae | Barynotus obscurus | |
leaf | vagrant | Nymphalidae | Nymphalis vaualbum | ||
leaf | vagrant | Noctuidae | Ochropleura plecta | ||
flower | borer | Cecidomyiidae | Contarinia humuli | ||
leaf | vagrant | Noctuidae | Mniotype satura | ||
leaf | vagrant | Noctuidae | Caradrina morpheus | ||
leaf | vagrant | Erebidae | Hypena rostralis | ||
leaf | vagrant | Noctuidae | Abrostola triplasia | ||
leaf | vagrant | Erebidae | Hypena proboscidalis | ||
leaf | vagrant | Geometridae | Eupithecia assimilata | ||
leaf | vagrant | Geometridae | Eupithecia vulgata | ||
leaf | vagrant | rarely | Nymphalidae | Aglais io | |
leaf | vagrant | doubtful | Nymphalidae | Vanessa atalanta | |
leaf | vagrant | rarely | Nymphalidae | Aglais urticae | |
leaf | vagrant | Nymphalidae | Polygonia c-album | ||
leaf | vagrant | Lycaenidae | Celastrina argiolus | ||
stem | borer | Mordellidae | Mordellistena parvuliformis | ||
leaf | vagrant | Acanaloniidae | Acanalonia conica | ||
stem | borer | Curculionidae | Hypothenemus eruditus | ||
root | borer | Curculionidae | Neoplinthus tigratus | ||
root | borer | Curculionidae | Neoplinthus tigratus | ||
leaf | vagrant | Miridae | Closterotomus fulvomaculatus | ||
flower | hidden | Thripidae | Thrips albopilosus | ||
stem | borer | Noctuidae | Hydraecia micacea | ||
leaf | hidden | Pyralidae | Pleuroptya ruralis | ||
leaf | hidden | Tortricidae | Clepsis spectrana | ||
leaf | hidden | Tortricidae | Archips podana | ||
leaf | hidden | Tortricidae | Archips rosana | ||
leaf | hidden | Tortricidae | Argyrotaenia ljungiana | ||
stem | borer | Tortricidae | Grapholita discretana | ||
stem | borer | Tortricidae | Grapholita delineana | ||
leaf | hidden | Tortricidae | Adoxophyes orana | ||
leaf | hidden | Tortricidae | Cnephasia pasiuana | ||
leaf | hidden | Tortricidae | Sparganothis pilleriana | ||
leaf | hidden | Tortricidae | Cnephasia incertana | ||
leaf | scale | Aleyrodidae | Trialeurodes vaporariorum | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Chromatomyia horticola | ||
leaf | vagrant | Aphididae | Aphis spiraecola | ||
leaf | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Aphis fabae | |
leaf | vagrant | Aphididae | Aphis gossypii | ||
leaf | down | Erysiphales | Golovinomyces orontii | ||
leaf | down | Erysiphales | Podosphaera macularis | ||
leaf | down | Peronosporales | Pseudoperonospora cubensis | ||
leaf | gall | summer generation | Aphididae | Phorodon humuli | |
leaf | miner | doubtful | Agromyzidae | Agromyza anthracina | |
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Agromyza flaviceps | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Agromyza igniceps | ||
leaf | miner | Coleophoridae | Coleophora violacea | ||
leaf | miner | Cosmopterigidae | Cosmopterix zieglerella | ||
leaf | miner | Gracillariidae | Caloptilia fidella | ||
leaf | pustule | Chytridiales | Synchytrium aureum | ||
leaf | vagrant | rarely | Choreutidae | Anthophila fabriciana | |
stem | borer | Crambidae | Ostrinia nubilalis | ||
root | gall | Heteroderidae | Heterodera humuli | ||
leaf | vagrant | Aphididae | Aulacorthum circumflexum | ||
leaf | vagrant | Aphididae | Myzus ascalonicus |
Organ
the part of the plant that most conspicuously is hit by the parasiteall buds: both flower buds and leaf buds
flower: also inflorescence
leaf: also needle, phyllodium, petiole
leaf bud: also unfolding young leaf
fruit: also seed
root: also root stock, runners
root collar: also the lowest part of the stem
stem: also culm, the lower part of the peduncle, in grasses also leaf sheath
systemic: the entire above-ground plant.
PARASITIC MODE
borer: larva living internally, almost no outwards signsdown: 0.5-2 mm high fungal down
film: very thin cover of fungal tussue
gall: swelling and/or malformation
grazer: feeding at the outside of the plant
leaf spot: discoloured, often ± necrotic, generally not galled, sign of a fungus infection
miner-borer: larve initially makes a mine, lives as a borer later
pustule: plug of fungal tissue, generally brown-black and < 2 mm
stripe: longitudinal line of fungal tissue in a grass leaf
vagrant: (aphids, mites) living freely on the plant, at higher densitiy causing malformations.
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IMPORTANT
The host plant spectre of a parasite is rarely known exhaustively; this applies in particular at the species level. It is advisable therefore to check at least also the list of all parasites of this genus.