Plant Parasites of Europe

leafminers, galls and fungi

Ulmus procera

english elm

organ parasitic mode stage note taxonomic group parasite
leaf miner Curculionidae Orchestes quedenfeldtii
leaf gall Unknown code! Aphididae Eriosoma pyricola
scale Diaspididae Melanaspis inopinata
stem scale Diaspididae Lepidosaphes conchiformis
leaf vagrant adult Curculionidae Polydrusus pilosulus
leaf vagrant adult Curculionidae Polydrusus pilosulus
leaf leaf spot Dothideales Dothidella ulmi
leaf scale Aleyrodidae Siphoninus phillyreae
leaf vagrant Notodontidae Phalera bucephala
leaf vagrant Cicadellidae Kyboasca bipunctata
stem vagrant Eriococcidae Gossyparia spuria
stem borer Tortricidae Cydia leguminana
leaf vagrant Eriophyidae Tetra concava
leaf vagrant Eriophyidae Shevtchenkella ulmi
leaf vagrant Diptilomiopidae Rhinophytoptus bagdasariani
stem scale Coccidae Pulvinaria regalis
leaf gall spring generation Aphididae Eriosoma anncharlotteae
leaf gall spring generation Aphididae Eriosoma flavum
leaf gall spring generation Aphididae Eriosoma grossulariae
leaf gall spring generation Aphididae Eriosoma patchiae
leaf gall spring generation Aphididae Eriosoma ulmi
leaf gall spring generation Aphididae Kaltenbachiella pallida
leaf gall spring generation Aphididae Tetraneura caerulescens
leaf gall spring generation Aphididae Tetraneura nigriabdominalis

Organ

the part of the plant that most conspicuously is hit by the parasite

all buds: both flower buds and leaf buds
flower: also inflorescence
leaf: also needle, phyllodium, petiole
leaf bud: also unfolding young leaf
fruit: also seed
root: also root stock, runners
root collar: also the lowest part of the stem
stem: also culm, the lower part of the peduncle, in grasses also leaf sheath
systemic: the entire above-ground plant.

PARASITIC MODE

borer: larva living internally, almost no outwards signs
down: 0.5-2 mm high fungal down
film: very thin cover of fungal tussue
gall: swelling and/or malformation
grazer: feeding at the outside of the plant
leaf spot: discoloured, often ± necrotic, generally not galled, sign of a fungus infection
miner-borer: larve initially makes a mine, lives as a borer later
pustule: plug of fungal tissue, generally brown-black and < 2 mm
stripe: longitudinal line of fungal tissue in a grass leaf
vagrant: (aphids, mites) living freely on the plant, at higher densitiy causing malformations.

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IMPORTANT

The host plant spectre of a parasite is rarely known exhaustively; this applies in particular at the species level. It is advisable therefore to check at least also the list of all parasites of this genus.

 

Last modified 19.xi.2023